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To investigate the physiological status of plant following the application of a mixture of organic residues, nitrogen-rich meat powder and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) powder mixed in different proportions as fertilizers were applied to the soil of a hilly area to cultivate young walnut trees under drought and wet soil conditions, respectively. The results showed that the nitrogen-rich fertilizer treatments could significantly increase the soil water content (SWC), soil organic matter (SOM), soil organic carbon (SOC), and soil organic nitrogen (SON), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), available nitrogen (AN), available P (AP), available K (AK), a high soil organic carbon/nitrogen ratio under soil drought conditions. Moreover, they also significantly improved the soil nutrients contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn, especially Ca and Mg in dry soil. Consequently, this nutrient-rich soil greatly promoted the plant branching and thickening with a high net leaf photosynthesis rate (Pn), water use efficiency (WUE), a low transpiration (Tr) under soil drought conditions. We proposed that high soil carbon/nitrogen ratio improved by applying nitrogen-rich fertilizers might weaken top shoot growth and regulate the plant branching and thickening of young walnut trees under deficit irrigation conditions.

BackgroundOvarian cancer (OC) is highly heterogeneous and has a poor prognosis. A better understanding of OC biology could provide more effective therapeutic paradigms for different OC subtypes.MethodsTo reveal the heterogeneity of T cell-associated subclusters in OC, we performed an in-depth analysis of single-cell transcriptional profiles and clinical information of patients with OC. Then, the above analysis results were verified by qPCR and flow cytometry examine.ResultsAfter screening by threshold, a total of 85,699 cells in 16 ovarian cancer tissue samples were clustered into 25 major cell groups. By performing further clustering of T cell-associated clusters, we annotated a total of 14 T cell subclusters. Then, four distinct single-cell landscapes of exhausted T (Tex) cells were screened, and SPP1 + Tex significantly correlated with NKT cell strength. A large amount of RNA sequencing expression data combining the CIBERSORTx tool were labeled with cell types from our single-cell data. Calculating the relative abundance of cell types revealed that a greater proportion of SPP1 + Tex cells was associated with poor prognosis in a cohort of 371 patients with OC. In addition, we showed that the poor prognosis of patients in the high SPP1 + Tex expression group might be related to the suppression of immune checkpoints. Finally, we verified in vitro that SPP1 expression was significantly higher in ovarian cancer cells than in normal ovarian cells. By flow cytometry, knockdown of SPP1 in ovarian cancer cells could promote tumorigenic apoptosis.ConclusionThis is the first study to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the heterogeneity and clinical significance of Tex cells in OC, which will contribute to the development of more precise and effective therapies.

Microscopic medusozoans from the Cambrian Fortunian stage of South China are well known for their exceptionally preserved embryos and elongated tubes. However, additional details of their morphology remain unclear. This paper describes new medusozoan fossils showing the whole apical complement and covering the morphological integrity of Qinscyphus. The apical part of Qinscyphus is considered to be soft during early ontogeny, and the inverted pentagonal pyramid may gradually form with growth and development. This discovery of the apical complement of Qinscyphus is novel and essential to complement the external morphology of early medusozoan fossils. More importantly, the new specimens have different annuli with triangular thickenings, providing a more comprehensive view on the developmental sequence of Qinscyphus. Therefore, this work allows a better understanding of early medusozoans ecology and evolution.

BackgroundPatients with primary dysmenorrhea (PDM) often present with abnormalities other than dysmenorrhea including co-occurrence with other chronic pain conditions and central sensitization. Changes in brain activity in PDM have been demonstrated; however, the results are not consistent. Herein, this study probed into altered intraregional and interregional brain activity in patients with PDM and expounded more findings.MethodsA total of 33 patients with PDM and 36 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited and underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) and mean amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (mALFF) analysis were applied to compare the difference in intraregional brain activity between the two groups, and the regions with ReHo and mALFF group differences were used as seeds for functional connectivity (FC) analysis to explore the difference of interregional activity. Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted between rs-fMRI data and clinical symptoms in patients with PDM.ResultsCompared with HCs, patients with PDM showed altered intraregional activity in a series of brain regions, including the hippocampus, the temporal pole superior temporal gyrus, the nucleus accumbens, the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, the cerebellum_8, the middle temporal gyrus, the inferior temporal gyrus, the rolandic operculum, the postcentral gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus (MFG), and altered interregional FC mainly between regions of the mesocorticolimbic pathway and regions associated with sensation and movement. The anxiety symptoms are correlated with the intraregional activity of the right temporal pole superior temporal gyrus and FC between MFG and superior frontal gyrus.ConclusionOur study showed a more comprehensive method to explore changes in brain activity in PDM. We found that the mesocorticolimbic pathway might play a key role in the chronic transformation of pain in PDM. We, therefore, speculate that the modulation of the mesocorticolimbic pathway may be a potential novel therapeutic mechanism for PDM.

Additional file 1. Supplementary Figures. Figure S1. MiR-3180 suppresses lipid content in CD36- and SCD1-dependent manner. Figure S2. MiR-3180 inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells in CD36- and SCD1-dependent manner. Figure S3. MiR-3180 inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells by suppressing lipid synthesis and uptake. Figure S4. The miR-3180 inhibits lipid synthesis in vivo.

Recently, the pure camera-based Bird's-Eye-View (BEV) perception provides a feasible solution for economical autonomous driving. However, the existing BEV-based multi-view 3D detectors generally transform all image features into BEV features, without considering the problem that the large proportion of background information may submerge the object information. In this paper, we propose Semantic-Aware BEV Pooling (SA-BEVPool), which can filter out background information according to the semantic segmentation of image features and transform image features into semantic-aware BEV features. Accordingly, we propose BEV-Paste, an effective data augmentation strategy that closely matches with semantic-aware BEV feature. In addition, we design a Multi-Scale Cross-Task (MSCT) head, which combines task-specific and cross-task information to predict depth distribution and semantic segmentation more accurately, further improving the quality of semantic-aware BEV feature. Finally, we integrate the above modules into a novel multi-view 3D object detection framework, namely SA-BEV. Experiments on nuScenes show that SA-BEV achieves state-of-the-art performance. Code has been available at https://github.com/mengtan00/SA-BEV.git.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Material 1.

A key challenge for LiDAR-based 3D object detection is to capture sufficient features from large scale 3D scenes especially for distant or/and occluded objects. Albeit recent efforts made by Transformers with the long sequence modeling capability, they fail to properly balance the accuracy and efficiency, suffering from inadequate receptive fields or coarse-grained holistic correlations. In this paper, we propose an Octree-based Transformer, named OcTr, to address this issue. It first constructs a dynamic octree on the hierarchical feature pyramid through conducting self-attention on the top level and then recursively propagates to the level below restricted by the octants, which captures rich global context in a coarse-to-fine manner while maintaining the computational complexity under control. Furthermore, for enhanced foreground perception, we propose a hybrid positional embedding, composed of the semantic-aware positional embedding and attention mask, to fully exploit semantic and geometry clues. Extensive experiments are conducted on the Waymo Open Dataset and KITTI Dataset, and OcTr reaches newly state-of-the-art results., Comment: Accepted by CVPR 2023

In this work, photocatalysts with a novel S-scheme heterojunction were fabricated by coupling MOF-derived TiO2 with porous g-C3N4 (MTO/PCN). The S-scheme heterojunction with matching band gap possesses different advantageous properties, which can not only inhibit photo-generated charge recombination, but also reserve outstanding redox ability. As expected, superior hydrogen evolution efficiency of 40-MTO/PCN was obtained in a TEOA-containing aqueous solution and pure water, which were 5252.9 and 974.6 μmol h−1 g−1, respectively. Meanwhile, the hybrid can also serve as a bifunctional catalyst for H2 generation (2137.3 μmol h−1 g−1) and organic contaminant removal (the RhB purification efficiency: 35.24%). This work furnishes a feasible method for devising bifunctional photocatalysts that can simultaneously produce hydrogen and purify wastewater to provide both energy-saving and environmental restoration functions.

Self attention mechanism is widely used in relation extraction, emotion classification and other tasks. It can extract a wide range of relevance information in the text. The attention mode of the existing self attention mechanism is soft attention mode, that is, a dense attention matrix is generated by softmax function. However, if the sentence length is long, the weight of important information will be too small. At the same time, the softmax function assumes that all elements have a positive impact on the results by default, which makes the model unable to extract the negative effect information. We use hard attention mechanism, namely sparse attention matrix, to improve the existing self attention model and fully extract the positive and negative information of text. Our model can not only enhance the extraction of positive information, but also makes up for the blank that the traditional attention matrix cannot be negative. We evaluated our model in three tasks and seven data sets. The experimental results show that our model is superior to the traditional self attention model and superior to state-of-the-art models in some tasks.

A novel process of iron-carbon micro-electrolysis (ICME) coupled with catalytic ozonation (CO) for treatment of eutrophic lake water was developed. A series of batch experiments with ICME alone and CO alone was designed to investigate the effects of process parameters, such as initial pH, dose of Fe-C, time of micro-electrolysis, ozone flux, dose of TiO2/activated carbon (TiO2/AC), and time of ozonation, on the removal rates of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), CODMn and Chl-a. The process parameters were optimized using response surface methodology. The results showed that initial pH, dose of Fe-C and ozone flux had significant effects on removal of TN, TP, CODMn and Chl-a. Within the range of selected operating conditions, the optimized values of initial pH, dose of Fe-C, time of micro-electrolysis, ozone flux, dose of TiO2/AC, and time of ozonation were 3.8, 13.7 g/L, 29.6 min, 3.19 L/min, 294.74 mg/L and 106.73 min, respectively. Furthermore, ICME alone had significant advantages in TP and CODMn removal and CO alone favored TN and Chl-a. Under the optimal process conditions, the final removal rates of TN, TP, CODMn, and Chl-a by the hybrid ICME-CO process reached 75.33%, 86.29%, 94.42% and 97.57%, respectively. The present research provides a new alternative technology with promise for treatment of eutrophic lake water. HIGHLIGHTS A novel coupling ICME-CO process was developed for treatment of eutrophic water.; Six process parameters were optimized using RSM.; Initial pH, dose of Fe-C and ozone flux had significant effects on removal of various pollutants.; The final removal rates for TN, TP, CODMn, and Chl-a by the ICME-CO process reached 75.33%, 86.29%, 94.42% and 97.57%.

BackgroundThis study aims to analyze the prognostic significance of the metastatic lymph node (mLN) size in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving chemoradiotherapy (CRT) to provide some information for the optimization of clinical nodal (cN) staging.MethodsA retrospective study with 325 NSCLC patients was conducted between January 2011 and December 2018 at two participating institutes. We evaluated the potential relationship between the mLN size and the survival to propose a potential revised nodal (rN) staging.ResultsKaplan–Meier analyses showed significant differences in the overall survival (OS) based on the cN staging and the size of mLNs (N0, ≤2 cm, and >2 cm). We found that the nodal size correlated statistically with the response to CRT. The HRs of OS for patients with bulky mLNs increase significantly compared with patients in the non-bulky mLNs group in the cN2-3 group. Interestingly, the HRs of patients with bulky cN2 disease and non-bulky cN3 disease were similar to each other. We classified the patients into five subsets: N0, rN1(cN1), rN2(non-bulky cN2), rN3a(bulky cN2, and non-bulky cN3), and rN3b(bulky cN3). In our study, the rN stage showed better prognostic discrimination than the 8th IASLC cN staging and was an independent prognostic factor for survival.ConclusionsIn addition to the anatomic location, the size of mLNs correlated statistically with the response to CRT and should be incorporated into the cN staging system to predict survival more accurately.

In the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), highly active catalysts are essential for reducing the overpotential and improving the slow kinetics of the process. Cobalt selenide (Co3Se4) has always been considered as a promising electrocatalyst for the OER due to the well-suited electronic configuration of the Co ions in it. However, poor exposure of the active sites and low electron conductivity are still its biggest problems. In this study, we report an efficient Ni-doped rod-like Co3Se4 hybridized with reduced graphene oxide (Ni-Co3Se4/rGO) as an OER electrocatalyst. The Ni doping regulates the electronic structure of Co3Se4 and significantly reduces the overpotential of Co3Se4 toward the OER under alkaline conditions. Simultaneously, hybridization of the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) enhances the conductivity which leads to the improvement in OER activity. The Ni-Co3Se4/rGO catalyst shows a lower overpotential (284 mV at 10 mA cm-2) as well as a Tafel slope (71 mV dec-1), which outperformed the benchmark of commercial RuO2. Moreover, Ni-Co3Se4/rGO also shows high stability and long-term durability.

The lipid metabolism disorder is the key role of Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Selenoprotein P plays an important role in the pathological process of lipid accumulation. Coix lacryma-jboi seed oil (CLSO) is an active component extracted from Coix lacryma-jobi seed (CLS) which has been found to be effective of reducing blood fat and antioxidative. But the effect and mechanism of CLSO on NAFLD are not clear. The aim of this study was to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of CLSO in the treatment of NAFLD. Our result showed that CLSO decreased the liver/body weight ratio, lowered the total cholesterol (TC) and triacylglycerol (TG), and elevated the high density lipoprotein (HDL) in serum. CLSO reduced the lipid deposition in the liver of NAFLD rats. In addition, CLSO could bring down the abnormal expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Moreover, CLSO significantly declined the liver apolipoprotein E (apoE), apolipoprotein E receptor (apoER) and selenoprotein P 1 (SePP1) expression. In vivo, CLSO decreased the lipid droplets and TG level, reduced the protein expression of SePP1, apoER, phosphor-adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) in the cytoplasm of HepG2 cells induced by oleic acid and palmitic acid (OP). At the same time, lipid accumulation was observed in the Sepp1 high expression cells induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) activator tunicamycin (Tm). CLSO could identically reduce the protein expression of SePP1, apoER, p-AMPK in the cytoplasm of HepG2 cells induced by Tm. This result not only proved the CLSO had therapeutic effect on NAFLD, but also confirmed its mechanism associated with degrading the phosphorylation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) which led to the decrease of the expression SePP1/apoER2 in order to reduce lipid accumulation. The study suggests CLSO has great medicinal value in treating NAFLD besides its edibility.

Plant height (PH) is a key plant architecture trait for improving the biological productivity of cotton. Ideal PH of cotton is conducive to lodging resistance and mechanized harvesting. To detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) and candidate genes of PH in cotton, a genetic map was constructed with a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of upland cotton. PH phenotype data under nine environments and three best linear unbiased predictions (BLUPs) were used for QTL analyses. Based on restriction-site-associated DNA sequence (RAD-seq), the genetic map contained 5,850 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, covering 2,747.12 cM with an average genetic distance of 0.47 cM. Thirty-seven unconditional QTL explaining 1.03–12.50% of phenotypic variance, including four major QTL and seven stable QTL, were identified. Twenty-eight conditional QTL explaining 3.27–28.87% of phenotypic variance, including 1 major QTL, were identified. Importantly, five QTL, including 4 stable QTL, were both unconditional and conditional QTL. Among the 60 PH QTL (including 39 newly identified), none of them were involved in the whole period of PH growth, indicating that QTL related to cotton PH development have dynamic expression characteristics. Based on the functional annotation of Arabidopsis homologous genes and transcriptome data of upland cotton TM-1, 14 candidate genes were predicted within 10 QTL. Our research provides valuable information for understanding the genetic mechanism of PH development, which also increases the economic production of cotton.

Additional file 6:. Table S1 Primes sequence for shRNA, miRNA mimics, probe and qRT-PCR

The integration of agricultural Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain has become the key technology of precision agriculture. How to protect data privacy and security from data source is one of the difficult issues in agricultural IoT research. This work integrates cryptography, blockchain and Interplanetary File System (IPFS) technologies, and proposes a general IoT blockchain terminal system architecture, which strongly supports the integration of the IoT and blockchain technology. This research innovatively designed a fine-grained and flexible terminal data access control scheme based on the ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) algorithm. Based on CP-ABE and DES algorithms, a hybrid data encryption scheme is designed to realize 1-to-N encrypted data sharing. A "horizontal + vertical" IoT data segmentation scheme under blockchain technology is proposed to realize the classified release of different types of data on the blockchain. The experimental results show that the design scheme can ensure data access control security, privacy data confidentiality, and data high-availability security. This solution significantly reduces the complexity of key management, can realize efficient sharing of encrypted data, flexibly set access control strategies, and has the ability to store large data files in the agricultural IoT.

Event extraction (EE) is crucial to downstream tasks such as new aggregation and event knowledge graph construction. Most existing EE datasets manually define fixed event types and design specific schema for each of them, failing to cover diverse events emerging from the online text. Moreover, news titles, an important source of event mentions, have not gained enough attention in current EE research. In this paper, We present Title2Event, a large-scale sentence-level dataset benchmarking Open Event Extraction without restricting event types. Title2Event contains more than 42,000 news titles in 34 topics collected from Chinese web pages. To the best of our knowledge, it is currently the largest manually-annotated Chinese dataset for open event extraction. We further conduct experiments on Title2Event with different models and show that the characteristics of titles make it challenging for event extraction, addressing the significance of advanced study on this problem. The dataset and baseline codes are available at https://open-event-hub.github.io/title2event., Comment: EMNLP 2022

The purpose of the article study is to identify the specifics and methodological potential of the pedagogical work of developing the musical perception of younger students in the context of a music lesson.

Additional file 1: Fig. S1 Phylogenetic analysis of GhABF3 and nine Arabidopsis ABF family genes. Fig. S2 Amino acid sequence comparison of GhABF3 and AtABF3. The red line part is the domain. Fig. S3 Comparison of GhABF3 amino acid sequences of G. hirsutum A genome (Gh_A12G0212) and D genome (Gh_D12G0214). Fig. S4 Comparison of GhABF3 CDS sequences of G. hirsutum A genome (Gh_A12G0212) and D genome (Gh_D12G0214). Fig. S5 GhABF3 gene sequence cloning. (a) Agarose gel imaging of VIGS sequence cloning. (b) Agarose gel imaging of CDS sequence cloning. In order to ensure the simplicity of the image, the gel image is appropriately cropped. The original image is attached to Figure S9. Fig. S6 Sequencing results of ClCrV-GhABF3 vector construction. Fig. S7 Sequencing results of 35S::GhABF3 vector construction. Fig. S8 PCR identification of transgene positive transformation events. (a) PCR detection of GhABF3 transgenic Arabidopsis. (b) PCR detection of GhABF3 transgenic cotton. P stands for positive control, the substrate is the 35S::GhABF3 plasmid, N stands for negative control, and the substrate is the DNA of the transformed recipient plant. In order to ensure the simplicity of the image, the gel image is appropriately cropped. The original image is attached to Figure S9. Fig. S9 Images of the original untreated gel used in Figures S5 and S8. (a) The original image used for Figure S5a. (b) The original image used in Figure S5b. On the left of marker is the used part in Figure S5b, and on the right is the band generated by other genes cloned at the same time. (c) The original image used in Figure S8a. (d) The original image used in Figure S8b. On the right of marker is the clipping part in Figure S8b, and on the left is the band generated by other genes simultaneously identified. Fig. S10 The map of pCLCrV-GhABF3 vector. The arrow represents the direction of the insertion sequence. For more detailed carrier atlas information, please refer to [61] mentioned by predecessors. Fig. S11 The map of 35S::GhABF3 vector. The sequence of the green arrow inside the circle is the inserted sequence, and the direction of the arrow represents the direction of the inserted sequence.

Additional file 2: Figs. S1-S13. Regional association plots of 13 genomic risk loci associated with LBD identified from MTAG.

In autonomous driving, LiDAR point-clouds and RGB images are two major data modalities with complementary cues for 3D object detection. However, it is quite difficult to sufficiently use them, due to large inter-modal discrepancies. To address this issue, we propose a novel framework, namely Contrastively Augmented Transformer for multi-modal 3D object Detection (CAT-Det). Specifically, CAT-Det adopts a two-stream structure consisting of a Pointformer (PT) branch, an Imageformer (IT) branch along with a Cross-Modal Transformer (CMT) module. PT, IT and CMT jointly encode intra-modal and inter-modal long-range contexts for representing an object, thus fully exploring multi-modal information for detection. Furthermore, we propose an effective One-way Multi-modal Data Augmentation (OMDA) approach via hierarchical contrastive learning at both the point and object levels, significantly improving the accuracy only by augmenting point-clouds, which is free from complex generation of paired samples of the two modalities. Extensive experiments on the KITTI benchmark show that CAT-Det achieves a new state-of-the-art, highlighting its effectiveness., Comment: Accepted to CVPR 2022

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Cohorts’ details and inclusion/exclusion criteria. Figure S2. Pathology subtypes of the training (a), test (b), and external validation (c) cohorts. Figure S3. Representative pathological images of the benign and malignant pulmonary nodule subtypes. Malignant nodule subtypes: adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), and invasive adenocarcinoma (IA); Benign nodule subtypes: granulomas, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), hamartoma, cyst, fibrosis, organizing pneumonias (OP). Magnification, ×400; Formalin Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) tissues. Figure S4. CirsEV-miR model performance in the test cohort and the external cohort. (a) Circulating sEV miRNA heatmap of the test cohort by unsupervised hierarchical clustering. (b) ROC curve of the CirsEV-miR model in the test cohort. (c) The CirsEV-miR scores of benign and malignant PNs in the test cohort. (d) ROC curve of the CirsEV-miR model in the external validation cohort. (e) The CirsEV-miR scores of healthy people and patients with benign or malignant PNs. (f) Expression level of the five miRNAs used in CirsEV-miR model. For each group n = 13. All data is presented with mean ± SD, except let-7b-3p which is presented with mean ± SEM. *p

Purpose: To investigate the effect of low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) and ulinastatin on soluble myeloid cells and intestinal mucosal function (IMF) in patients with severe pancreatitis. Methods: A total of 107 patients with severe pancreatitis were divided into two groups: control group (CG, n = 53) and study group (SG, n = 54). The CG was treated with LMWH while SG was similarly treated but in addition received ulinastatin simultaneously. The following parameters were evaluated in the two groups: treatment effects, IMF, time for various indicators to normalize, vascular endothelial function, complication symptoms, T lymphoid subgroup indicators, inflammatory factors, anti-inflammatory factors, soluble B7-H2, and soluble myeloid cell receptor-1 level changes. Results: After treatment, SG showed lower levels of L/M value, DAO and D-lactic acid than in CG (p < 0.05). Gastrointestinal function, leukocytes, amylase, and body temperature in SG had a shorter time to return to normal than in CG (p < 0.05). The levels of IL-10 in SG were higher than in CG, while sB7-H2, TNF-α, sTREM-1 and IL-1 levels were lower than those in the CG (p < 0.05). After treatment, NO levels in SG were higher, but TXB2, vWF and ET levels were lower than in CG (p < 0.05). In addition, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ indicators were higher and CD8+ lower in SG than in CG (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Ulinastatin + LMWHs improves IMF in patients suffering from severe pancreatitis, shortens the time for various indicators to normalize, and reduces incidence of complications. However, further clinical trials are required to ascertain this therapeutic strategy for the management of severe pancreatitis. Keywords: Low molecular weight heparin; Ulinastatin; Severe pancreatitis; Soluble myeloid cell expression; Intestinal mucosal function; Treatment effect

A triplex microstructure of bainite, martensite and retained austenite in the 0.3C-1.4Si-1.8Mn (wt.%) steel was obtained by the bainitic isothermal transformation combined with Q&P process (B-QP process). The effects of bainite morphology and content on the mechanical properties have been studied by controlling the isothermal holding temperature and time. Results show that with isothermal holding temperature increasing from 320 to 400 °C, the bainite changes from lower bainite to upper bainite and the ultimate tensile strength and toughness decrease. Compared to the Q&T, 360 °C B-QP and 400 °C B-QP processes, the microstructure of the 320 °C B-QP-treated sample consists of lower bainite, martensite and retained austenite, and it exhibits the best combination of strength (1617 MPa), elongation (18.6%), the product of strength and elongation (PSE, 30.1 GPa%) and maximum impact toughness (103 J) when the lower bainite content is about 50%. In addition, the work hardening behaviors indicate that both the 400 °C B-QP sample with upper bainite morphology and the 320 °C B-QP sample containing 75% lower bainite exhibit the higher work hardening rate at the high strain level and larger uniform elongation.

Fluid-elastic instability of tube bundles is the main cause of vibration failure of heat exchangers. To establish more reasonable and reliable design guidelines for fluid-elastic instability of tube bundles subjected to two-phase cross flow, we investigated experimentally the effects of the flow conditions of the two-phase flow and the geometrical characteristics of the tube bundles on damping, vibration, and fluid-elastic instability. Moreover, we proposed recommended values of the instability constant based on the conductivity difference measurement (CDM) model and the classification of tube bundle arrangements. The reliability of these values was also verified. The results indicated that the damping ratio in the lift direction was smaller than that in the drag direction and fluid-elastic instability was more prone to occur. The order of stability of the four tube bundle arrangements from high to low was normal triangular, normal square, rotated square, and rotated triangular. Thus, to avoid fluid-elastic instability, the normal triangular tube bundle is recommended for large shell-and-tube heat exchangers subjected to two-phase cross flow. In addition, for normal square and normal triangular tube bundles, the recommended instability constant is 4.0. For rotated square and rotated triangular tube bundles, the recommended instability constant is 1.1 when the mass damping parameter is less than or equal to 0.54, otherwise the value is 1.5.

Iron oxide nanoparticle-modified graphene oxide nanosheets (GO-IONP) is a potential material for biomedical use, while its application is seriously limited due to its poor dispersibility under physiological conditions. In this work, GO-IONP was stabilized by chitosan and dextran via layer-by-layer self-assembly to produce GO-IONP-CS/DEX nanocomposites for targeted drug delivery and photothermal ablation. After the modification, its hydrophilic performance was enhanced, with the aggregation under physiological conditions strongly improved and undesired non-specific protein absorption ratio drastically reduced. Nanocomposites could load DOX up to 140.1% and DOX-loaded nanocomposites performed a sustained and pH-dependent drug releasing behavior. Moreover, the magnetic nanocomposites can be internalized by A549 cells with a magnetically targeted drug delivery profile. Pure GO-IONP-CS/DEX had an excellent photothermal ablation effect with no obvious cytotoxicity, and GO-IONP-CS/DEX-DOX had a cytotoxicity that increased with drug dose. All in all, GO-IONP-CS/DEX had good prospects for the biomedical delivery application.

Bus bunching occurring at stops has an unstable impact on bus travel time. In order to evaluate urban bus travel time effectively, the travel time reliability (TTR) addressing bus bunching is analyzed. This paper focuses on the delayed time caused by bus bunching in the dwelling process at bus stops and uses the coefficient of variation of time headway to evaluate the degree of bus bunching. Moreover, the travel time deviation (TTD) indicator and travel time on-time accuracy (OTA) model are proposed to evaluate the bus TTR. The proposed model is used to analyze 113 runs of a bus route in Xi’an city, China. Real-time GPS data are used to analyze the operation of each run from the origin to the destination stops. The results show that 74.34% of the runs are delayed. When the value of TTD is higher than |0.1|, 64.2% of runs are delayed with bus bunching. Based on the measuring of OTA in two situations, the value of TTR considering bus bunching is reduced by 20%. In addition, the number of stopping routes at peak periods has a significant impact on the occurrence of bus bunching. The research results would have practical implications for the operation and management of buses.

Background: Jingui Shenqi （JGSQ for short）pills is a traditional Chinese medicine formula, which has the functions of warming and tonifying kidney-yang, generating essence and filling marrow, warming tendons and veins and bones, and improving bone mineral density. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of JGSQ pills in preventing and treating postmenopausal osteoporosis.Methods : Twelve-week-old SPF female SD rats (n=48) were used in this study. Following the ovariectomy operation (n=40), the rats were randomly divided into the model group, (high, medium, and low dose groups) treated with Jingui Shenqi pills and estradiol group. Recorded the weight gain of rats and calculated the uterine coefficient; To detect the expression of serum calcium, phosphorus, ALP and OPG; HE staining was used to detect the pathological changes of femur; In all the groups, Micro-CT was used for detection of bone mineral density and bone microstructure; and gene expression of BMP-2, Smad1, and Runx2 in rat bone tissue was determined by RT-PCR and Western Blot methods.Results: Compared with the sham operation group, rats in the model group had the highest increase in body weight and the lowest uterine coefficient. Each of the treatment groups had a modest increase in weight gain. Micro-CT and HE staining showed a decrease in bone mineral density in the model group with shorter, thinner, broken, and osteoporotic trabeculae of the femur. The bone mineral density in Jingui Shenqi pills treatment groups had a significant increase with an improved bone microstructure and intact bone trabecular as compared to the model group. Serum ALP in the model group was significantly higher than in the sham operation group but the serum calcium, phosphorus and OPG was significantly lower. The Jingui Shenqi pills treatment groups and the estradiol treated group had lower serum ALP and increased serum calcium, phosphorus and OPG.There was decreased gene expression of BMP-2, Smad1, and Runx2 in the bone tissue of the model group compared to the sham operation group. BMP-2, Smad1, and Runx2 gene expression in Jingui Shenqi pills treated group and estradiol treated group was significantly higher than that of the model group.Conclusion: Jingui Shenqi pills improve the microstructure of bone tissue and increase bone mineral density thus resolving osteoporosis. This is achieved by regulating BMP/Smad signaling pathway and increasing the expression of osteogenic factors BMP-2, Smad1, and Runx2.

Based on the Chinese Family Tracking Survey Data (CFPS), this paper uses the binary Logit model the propensity matching score test model to make a certain contribution to the computer-related fields. This article chooses to use computer software to process the data and analyze the impact mechanism of farmers' participation in the new rural cooperative medical system on independent entrepreneurship and income growth. The results show that: First, the new rural cooperative reference significantly improves the behavior of farmers to start their own businesses, and the higher the proportion of participating farmers, the greater the probability of engaging in entrepreneurial activities. Second, personal characteristics, family characteristics, community characteristics, risk preferences, and farmers' own psychological expectations affect the possibility of farmers' self-employment at different levels. Thirdly, in terms of different regions, the influence of the new rural cooperative reference on farmers' self-employment is more obvious in the eastern region, followed by the central region, and less obvious in the western region. Fourth, the self-employment behavior of farmers has increased the per capita net income of farmers.

To fully coordinate and integrate resources and provide psychological consultation services for college students and community residents, this paper analyzes the demand status of community public service platform, and puts forward a university community intelligent psychological service platform with university as the center and e-commerce mode. The solution is based on J2ME platform to develop client applications and C/S architecture. The development platform is Android+Eclipse and the database background management system uses mature SQLite, and adopts web services technology to realize the communication between client and server. For the key modules of the system, such as online psychological test, background management, data communication, the specific process and implementation method are provided. The system test results show that the platform effectively realizes the online interactive counseling service of many-to-many ways between colleges and communities, and improves the processing efficiency of psychological counseling business.

The conventional encoder-decoder framework for image captioning generally adopts a single-pass decoding process, which predicts the target descriptive sentence word by word in temporal order. Despite the great success of this framework, it still suffers from two serious disadvantages. Firstly, it is unable to correct the mistakes in the predicted words, which may mislead the subsequent prediction and result in error accumulation problem. Secondly, such a framework can only leverage the already generated words but not the possible future words, and thus lacks the ability of global planning on linguistic information. To overcome these limitations, we explore a universal two-pass decoding framework, where a single-pass decoding based model serving as the Drafting Model first generates a draft caption according to an input image, and a Deliberation Model then performs the polishing process to refine the draft caption to a better image description. Furthermore, inspired from the complementarity between different modalities, we propose a novel Cross Modification Attention (CMA) module to enhance the semantic expression of the image features and filter out error information from the draft captions. We integrate CMA with the decoder of our Deliberation Model and name it as Cross Modification Attention based Deliberation Model (CMA-DM). We train our proposed framework by jointly optimizing all trainable components from scratch with a trade-off coefficient. Experiments on MS COCO dataset demonstrate that our approach obtains significant improvements over single-pass decoding baselines and achieves competitive performances compared with other state-of-the-art two-pass decoding based methods., Comment: This work has been submitted to the IEEE TMM for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessible

Additional file 2: Table S2. Clinical comparison of thoracoscopic surgery before and after 2016.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Growth evaluation of Gross type C EA/TEF patients.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. FTIR spectrum of FA-BSA. Figure S2. The magnification of a part of FA-BSA-PEG/MoOx spectrum. Figure S3. (A) UV spectrum of FA; (B) standard curve of FA; (C) standard curve of BSA; (D) UV absorption spectrum of a solution of FA and BSA. Figure S4. UV-Vis absorption spectra of MoOx and FA-BSA-PEG/MoOx nanosheets. Figure S5. The thickness of (A) MoOx and (B) FA-BSA-PEG/MoOx nanosheets. Figure S6. UV absorption spectra of FA-BSA-PEG/MoOx nanosheets after different times of irradiation. Figure S7. Infrared thermal images of FA-BSA-PEG/MoOx nanosheets with different concentration and irradiation time periods. Figure S8. Degradation profile of the nanosheets based on the UV-Vis absorption spectra of FA-BSA-PEG/MoOx nanosheets incubated in different PBS solutions at different time points. Figure S9. UV Vis absorption spectra of FA-BSA-PEG/MoOx nanosheets incubated in (A) pH 5.0 and (B) pH 7.4 serum for different time periods. Figure S10. HPLC chromatogram of DTX. Figure S11. The release curve of FA-BSA-PEG/MoOx@DTX in PBS buffer with pH 5.0. Figure S12. The flow cytometry analysis of FA-BSA-PEG/MoOx@C6 nanosheets uptake by MCF-7 cells at 1, 2, 4 h. Figure S13. (A)The western blot analysis of CRT and (B) CRT/��-actin ratio after various treatments. Figure S14. The biochemical indexes of tumor-bearing mice after different treatments : (A) ALT;(B) AST;(C) BUN and (D) CR, respectively. Figure S15. (A) Infrared thermal images of tumor-bearing mice and (B)Temperature-change curves of the tumor being irradiated after intratumoral injection. Figure S16. The tumor volume in mice treated by different formulations. Figure S17. H&E staining pictures of organs and tumors of mice after different treatments, scale bar: 200 ��m. Table S1. Drug loading of nano tablets in FA-BSA-PEG/MoOx nanosheets (n = 3). Table S2. The hemolysis of HBRCs treated with FA-BSA-PEG/MoOx nanosheets at different concentrations. Table S3. Blood analysis of mice on the 15th day post-injection of FA-BSA-PEG/MoOx (20 mg/kg) or saline in the tail vein. Table S4. DTX concentration in blood at different time points after intravenous administration commercial Taxotere and FA-BSA-PEG/MoOx@DTX nanosheets in rats (n = 3).

Additional file 1. The X-ray radiograph alterations among KBD adolescents.

Additional file 2.

In view of the problem that it is difficult to supervise and improve the attention level of teenagers in class in education and teaching activities, based on multi-source data correlation, we combine with big data technology to analyze and research the attention level of teenagers in class. This paper analyzes the collected eye characteristics data of students in the classroom and other personalized related data to conduct a correlation analysis. Then, we derive a set of theoretical models to remind students of concentration improvement, as well as intervention of teachers’ teaching activities. Finally, the proposed theoretical model can improve the teaching quality ultimately.

IntroductionPrevious research had shown that the ethyl acetate extract from Wenxia Formula (WFEA extract) had significant effects in inhibiting tumor and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs). However, the anti-cancer mechanism of the WFEA extract was still unclear. In this study, we aimed to illuminate the possible anti-cancer mechanisms of the WFEA extract.Material and methodsUltra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) was applied to analyze and identify the constituents of WFEA extract. The lung cancer xenograft model was conducted to explore the antitumor activity of WFEA extract by measuring tumor volume and weight, HE staining, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence assay. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to measure the expressions of related proteins and genes in the Hedgehog- Gli1 (Hh-Gli1) signaling pathway.ResultsA total of 15 chemical constituents were identified in the WFEA extract. The xenograft model showed that WFEA extract could inhibit tumor growth and had no significant effect on body weight of mice. In addition, WFEA extract reduced the expression of a-SMA, FAP and N-cadherin in the CAF mediated lung cancer xenograft model and increased the expression of E-cadherin. Western blot and qRT-PCR showed that WFEA extract reduced the expression of related proteins and genes (Smo, Gli1 and Ptch1) in the Hh-Gli1 signaling pathway.ConclusionsWFEA extract had a certain inhibitory effect on lung cancer, and its mechanism may be related to the CAF mediated Hh-Gli1 signaling pathway.

Effects of Sn and Nb additions on the microstructure and wear behavior of a gray cast iron (GCI) have been investigated in details. The results showed that the combined additions of Sn and Nb not only promote the generation of pearlite and type-A graphite but also refine the graphite flakes size and the pearlite lamellar spacing. The analysis results of wear test indicated that the GCI-Sn–Nb sample with higher hardness (201 HB) yields a decreased mass loss by 63% compared to the GCI sample. Moreover, the GCI sample displays a severe wear in which some larger crater and a coarser surface can be observed, while the wear morphology of the GCI-Sn–Nb sample looked smooth, and the crater was smaller than the others. Under the present wear test condition, the combined additions of Sn and Nb are likely to improve the wear resistance of gray cast iron. The enhanced wear resistance of GCI-Sn–Nb sample was closely correlated to the increased hardness caused by the increase in pearlite content and the refinement of the graphite flakes size and the pearlite lamellar spacing.

Thermochemical heat storage (THS) systems have major advantages over other thermal storage systems, notably high energy density and low heat loss when hermetically sealed. There are several review papers available that discuss THS. Unlike other published review articles, this paper presents a literature survey and a review that add insights into the current state-of-the-art THS technologies, covering: the THS materials, THS reactor design and THS as thermal batteries. Emphasis is placed on THS for solar thermal energy storage and also for industrial waste heat recovery. At the materials level, in addition to a review on THS material sorbents, emphasis is placed on innovative composite THS materials with salt mixtures and metal-organic frameworks materials. Reactor design is one of the major fields of THS system development. In this paper, we also review several types of innovative reactor designs, including hybrid THS systems, towards obtaining advanced reactor concept, numerical studies in THS studies mainly covering the heat and mass transfer in the reactor designs, and also the implementation of THS systems as thermal batteries. Among the main conclusions, it is found that, although several advancements have been achieved in these fields in the last decade, further research is needed for advancing THS technology to be commercially viable. This paper will provide a wide range of information including the research gaps and critical issues in this field. The authors aim to allow readers to identify gaps/issues in the current research towards improving the practicality of THS systems.

Radix Astragali (RA) herb with warm property and significant “tonifying qi” effects is indicated for the syndrome of internal cold due to Yang deficiency. The purpose of this research was to explore effects of Radix Astragali (RA) through PPAR signaling pathway on gene expression profiles related to energy metabolism in rats with the Yang-deficiency cold (YDC) syndrome, for identifying the pathological mechanism of Yang-deficiency cold (YDC) syndrome and the effects mechanism of RA. The results indicated that RA could significantly increase body weight (BM), cold and heat tendency (CT), overall temperature (OT), rectum temperature (RT), toe temperature (TT), energy intake (EI), and V(O2)/V(CO2) ratio (which indicates basal metabolism, BM) (P