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Defect sites on oxide semiconductors play a crucial role in promoting photocatalytiperformance and modulating the bandgap structure of photocatalysts. However, the role of interfacial coordinatively unsaturated defect sites between metal and oxide in photocatalysis is still under debate. So, we designed an experiment to probe the role of interfacial coordinatively unsaturated defect sites. In this work, a series of Ti/TiO2 photocatalysts with varying concentrations of interfacial Ti3+ sites were prepared through an epitaxial growth method under hydrothermal conditions. Through experimental and computational investigations, the roles of interfacial defect sites were discussed in detail. On the one hand, the interfacial coordinatively unsaturated Ti3+ sites could act as visible-light-responsive sites in photocatalytic reactions due to the overlap and hybridization of multiple electronic orbitals. On the other hand, the Ti/TiO2 interface exhibited a certain degree of metallic character near the Fermi level because of the partial delocalization and redistribution of electrons, facilitating the charge migration and separation across the metal-oxide interface. Consequently, the obtained Ti/TiO2 catalysts showed notably enhanced charge transfer efficiency and visible light photocatalytic activity compared to their pristine counterparts. This work may provide a new perspective to interfacial defect engineering in classic metal/oxide heterojunction photocatalysts and figure a more precise direction to synthesize higher effective photocatalysts for environmental governance.

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Event extraction (EE) is crucial to downstream tasks such as new aggregation and event knowledge graph construction. Most existing EE datasets manually define fixed event types and design specific schema for each of them, failing to cover diverse events emerging from the online text. Moreover, news titles, an important source of event mentions, have not gained enough attention in current EE research. In this paper, We present Title2Event, a large-scale sentence-level dataset benchmarking Open Event Extraction without restricting event types. Title2Event contains more than 42,000 news titles in 34 topics collected from Chinese web pages. To the best of our knowledge, it is currently the largest manually-annotated Chinese dataset for open event extraction. We further conduct experiments on Title2Event with different models and show that the characteristics of titles make it challenging for event extraction, addressing the significance of advanced study on this problem. The dataset and baseline codes are available at https://open-event-hub.github.io/title2event., Comment: EMNLP 2022

Additional file 1. Polinski et al. 2021 Supplemental Tables and Figures. Adobe PDF (.pdf) file containing the following supplemental tables and figures referenced in the text: Table S1. – Statistical analysis relating to histopathological condition scores; Fig. S1. – Violin plots of respiratory indices and body condition measured at each sample timepoint; Fig. S2. – Violin plots of the corrected normalized relative quantity (CRNQ) for five mRNA gene transcripts measured at each sample timepoint; Fig. S3. – Correlation of il1b CNRQ relative to either PRV blood or IHNV kidney log transcriptional load; Fig. S4. – Violin plots of five blood oxygen associated parameters measured at each sample timepoint; Fig. S5. – Correlation of log IHNV RNA kidney transcription relative to standard metabolic rate and critical oxygen saturation at 1 wpc peak infection; Fig. S6. – IHNV and PRV pilot challenge data.

In the 10kV distribution system, a large number of potential transformers (PT) are used as voltage measurement devices for control and protection. It is generally believed that when the system scale reaches a certain level, there will be no ferromagnetic resonance and PT damage. However, it is found that PT burnout or its fuse blows frequently in large-scale distribution systems during operation, causing frequent replacement of equipment and loss of monitoring signals of branch voltages. Through experiments and simulation, this article concludes that, PT and fuse failures may occur during the voltage recovery process after the system's single-phase discharge, which often caused by lightning and insulation defects. Through the laboratory test of the simulated 10kV distribution system, the PT voltage and current transient waveforms in the voltage recovery process are obtained firstly, and the simulation model of this process is established by using ATP / EMTP, the conclusion reached by the two is consistent, that is, the peak current of PT exceeds 1A, which exceeds the selected fuse's rated current 0.5A, reaching thousands of times the normal current (1mA), thereby confirming the cause of the PT failure in this system. Secondly the article analyzes the influencing factors of the PT saturation by Changing the system size in the simulation model, and gives the change law of the transient voltage and current of PT during the fault recovery process under different system equivalent capacitances. It is concluded that as the equivalent capacitance increases, the frequency of the oscillating attenuation component in the transient recovery voltage decreases, resulting in the continuous accumulation of PT magnetic flux and the increase in the duration and amplitude of transient overcurrent, which ultimately leads to equipment ablation.

Urban planning is crucial to sustainable growth. In order for the planners to make informed decisions, data from multiple sources have to be retrieved and cross-referenced efficiently. We discuss the implementation of a query engine which accepts natural language as input, using machine learning and NLP techniques namely word embedding, CNN, rule-based system and NER to produce accurate output enriched with geographical insights to facilitate the planning process. The query engine classifies the query into one of the planning domains, as well as determines the category, location and the size of buffer. Processed results are presented on the ePlanner, which is a map service on the GIS implemented by the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) of Singapore.

More and more renewable power with large capacity has been incorporated into power system. The high fluctuation and randomness features of wind power present a number of challenges for the safety grid. ‘Grid friendly’ wind farm with storage device can reduce the volatility impact of grid safety. The optimal output strategy based on least-square polynomial fitting was established for the wind farm with the storage device. The results showed separate order correspond to separate smoothing effect. In the case of a 49.5MW wind farm, the third order polynomial model achieved the optimal output simulation of wind farm with storage device. In contrast to other numerical value filter methods, least-square polynomial fitting method has fast computation speed, and can calculate the slope of optimal output power in real time.