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Infection and dissemination of influenza viruses (IVs) causes serious health concerns worldwide. However, effective tools for the accurate detection and blocking of IVs remain elusive. Here, we develop a new sialyllactosyl probe with self-assembled core-shell structure for the ratiometric detection and blocking of IVs. N,N′-diaryl-dihydrodibenzo[a,c]phenazines were used to form the core structure by hydrophobic assembly in an aqueous solution with an aggregation-enhanced blue fluorescence mission. Subsequently, dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran-based sialyllactosides were used for self-assembly with the core structure, producing the sialyllactosyl probe that emits a red fluorescence due to Forster resonance energy transfer. The probe developed has been proven to be available for (1) the fluorescence ratiometric detection of IVs through selective interaction with the sialyllactosyl-binding proteins on the virus surface, and (2) effectively blocking the invasion of human-infecting IVs towards host cells as accentuated by the sialyllactosides on the surface of the probes.

Microcystis aeruginosa is one of the most common species in the algae-bloom events of domestic lakes. Illumination incubator was used to cultivate M. aeruginosa under conditions of different phosphorus concentrations in the laboratory. Spectroscopic data of culture solutions were collected by GER1500 spectrometer under the sunlight. The study focused on the growth rhythm of M. aeruginosa and the characteristics of spectral variation in the culture solutions. The results showed that low phosphorus concentration (or =10 microg x L(-1)) is a restricting factor for the growth and reproduction of M. aeruginosa. Moreover, the reflections of spectrum from culture solutions of M. aeruginosa showed significant changes along with cultivation period, such as at the wavelengths of 550, 610, 660, 700-710 and 760 nm.