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Transition metal selenides are a research hotspot in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs).

In allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), both virus-specific T cells and leukemia-specific T cells need to be reconstituted to protect patients from virus infections and primary disease relapse. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality after allo-HSCT. Emerging data indicate that CMV reactivation is associated with reduced risk of leukemia relapse in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing allo-HSCT. In a cohort of 24 WT1+ AML patients during the first year following HSCT, CMV specific CD8+ T cells (CMV-CTL) reconstituted much faster than WT1-specific CD8+ T cell (WT1-CTL) after allo-SCT. Moreover, CMV-CTL expressed lower levels of exhaustion markers and were more functional as identified by production of IFN-γ/TNF-α and expression of Eomes/T-bet. Interestingly, our patients with CMV reactivation presented higher frequency of CMV-CTL, lower levels of Eomes+T-bet- and higher levels of Eomes+T-bet+ expression in response to WT1 and CMV pp65 antigen during the first year after transplantation as compared to patients without CMV reactivation. Kinetics of CMV-CTL and WT1-CTL after transplantation might be associated with measurable residual disease and later leukemia relapse. Our results support that CMV reactivation, aside from the CMV-CTL reconstitution, could influence WT1-CTL reconstitution after allo-HSCT, thus potentially contributing to the remission/relapse of AML.

BackgroundMahaim-type accessory pathways (MAPs) are rare accessory pathways (APs) with specific properties. They are mostly located in the right side of the heart but rarely exist on the left side.ObjectivesThis study aims to analyze the clinical and electrophysiological (EP) characteristics of both-sided MAPs.MethodsA total of 2,249 patients with AP from our center were enrolled between 1 January 2011 and 27 March 2022. During the EP study (EPS) 17 patients were diagnosed with MAPs (right-sided: n = 13, left-sided: n = 4) according to the properties of Mahaim fibers.ResultsMAPs constitute 0.75% of all APs. Out of 1,553 patients with left-sided APs, four patients (0.26%) were diagnosed with Mahaim fiber-mediated tachycardia. Out of 696 patients with right-sided APs, 13 patients (1.9%) were diagnosed with Mahaim fiber. Most Mahaim fibers were located at the free wall of the tricuspid and mitral annuli. Seven patients of right-sided MAPs were of atriofasicular type, six patients had right-sided MAPs, and all of the patients with left-sided MAPs were of atrioventricular (AV) type. The M potential only was detected in long-length MAPs. Coexistence with other supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs) was also observed both in patients with right-sided and left-sided MAPs. All the patients underwent radiofrequency ablation successfully. Only one patient had tachycardia recurrence during a follow-up.ConclusionAlthough MAPs are commonly located at right sides, left sites are not impossible. The M potential contributes to the improvement of the successful ablation.

Monodisperse FeSe2 microflowers are synthesized by a one-step facile solvothermal method and exhibit excellent electrochemical performance as anode materials for Na-ion batteries.

Background Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a harmful mycotoxin and secondary metabolite produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is of vital importance to establish a sensitive method to detect OTA in various grains. Objective A novel, highly sensitive chemiluminescence immunoassay was developed to determine OTA in wheat, corn, and poultry feed. Methods The immunomagnetic beads were used as solid phase carriers and separators in the competitive chemiluminescence method. Anti-OTA monoclonal antibodies coated on the magnetic beads were applied as the capturing antibodies, in which OTA would compete with OTA-alkaline phosphatase in binding with OTA antibodies. Results The proposed method exhibited good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.999), adequate OTA recovery rate (83.60–102.50%), and good repeatability. The sensitivity of the proposed method was 2.05 pg/mL. In addition, the method was highly selective and showed no cross-reactions with other mycotoxins (e.g., AFB1, DON, ZEN). The developed method was applied in the analysis of wheat, corn, and two animal feeds successfully. The results obtained by the chemiluminescence method showed a high correlation with those obtained by the HPLC method (correlation coefficient 0.9958). Conclusion This strategy shows great potential for other toxic and harmful mycotoxin detection. Highlights A novel highly rapid and sensitive chemiluminescence immunoassay was established for quantitation of OTA.

In this study, a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method for zearalenone determination in feeds and grains was established based on the automatic immunomagnetic bead purifier analyzer (KY-AMI-I) for the one-step sample pre-treatment. Various parameters that may affect the analytical performance were investigated. Immunomagnetic bead separation system based on a monoclonal antibody (anti-ZEN antibody-immunomagnetic beads conjugation) was individually prepared for the ZEN purification. Besides, the average recoveries in spiked samples ranged from 75.23 to 102.62%, and the relative standard deviations were between 3.55 and 8.07% (

The grassland in the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau provide habitat for many indigenous and introduced ruminants which perform important ecological functions that impact the whole Qinghai–Tibetan plateau ecosystem. These indigenous Tibetan ruminants have evolved several adaptive traits to withstand the severe environmental conditions, especially cold, low oxygen partial pressure, high altitude, strong UV radiation, and poor forage availability on the alpine rangelands. Despite the challenges to husbandry associated with the need for enhanced adaptation, several domesticated ruminants have also been successfully introduced to the alpine pasture regions to survive in the harsh environment. For ruminants, these challenging conditions affect not only the host, but also their commensal microbiota, especially the diversity and composition of the rumen microbiota; multiple studies have described tripartite interactions among host-environment-rumen microbiota. Thus, there are significant benefits to understanding the role of rumen microbiota in the indigenous and introduced ruminants of the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau, which has co-evolved with the host to ensure the availability of specific metabolic functions required for host survival, health, growth, and development. In this report, we systemically reviewed the dynamics of rumen microbiota in both indigenous and introduced ruminants (including gut microbiota of wild ruminants) as well as their structure, functions, and interactions with changing environmental conditions, especially low food availability, that enable survival at high altitudes. We summarized that three predominant driving factors including increased VFA production, enhanced fiber degradation, and lower methane production as indicators of higher efficiency energy harvest and nutrient utilization by microbiota that can sustain the host during nutrient deficit. These cumulative studies suggested alteration of rumen microbiota structure and functional taxa with genes that encode cellulolytic enzymes to potentially enhance nutrient and energy harvesting in response to low quality and quantity forage and cold environment. Future progress toward understanding ruminant adaptation to high altitudes will require the integration of phenotypic data with multi-omics analyses to identify host-microbiota co-evolutionary adaptations enabling survival on the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau.

MoP is a promising anode material choice for alkali ion storage ascribed to its superior electrochemical performance. However, severe volume expansion and poor stability limited its output performance. Here, well-dispersed MoP nanoparticles are confined in carbon nanofiber skeleton by facile electrospinning method, further introduction of titania enhances the interfacial reaction and structure stability. As a result, the carbon nanofiber encapsulated MoP/TiO2 composite exhibited 150 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 for 4000 cycles, without obvious capacity decay. The homogenous dispersion and heterostructure construction contribute to its superior performance. This design provides a simple way for the phosphide preparation.

It is difficult to insert cardiac pacing leads in patient with tricuspid valve surgery (TVS). The aim of this study was to evaluate safety and effectiveness of a novel technique applied for bedside temporary pacemaker placement (TPP) in patients with TVS.We investigated patients with TVS who required bedside TPP without X-ray guidance in cardiac intensive care unit between January 2019 and March 2022. They were divided into Novel pre-shaped group (N = 21) and Control group (routine pre-shaped group, N = 26). The ordinary bipolar electrodes were applied in both groups. In Novel pre-shaped group, electrodes were reshaped by a novel technique with three-curve with anterior tip method, while electrodes were shaped by traditional strategy in Control group. We evaluated the operation duration, first-attempt success rate of the lead placement, pacing threshold, success rate of lead placement, the rate of leads displacement, and complications.Compared with that in Control group, the procedure time was significantly shortened and the first-attempt success rate of lead placement was obviously increased in Novel pre-shaped group (both p 0.05). Although there was a slight reduction in complications in Novel pre-shaped group when compared with that in Control group. However, there were no statistical significance in pacing threshold, the success rate of lead placement, the rate of leads displacement, and complications when compared between two groups.We propose a novel technique, three-curve with anterior tip method, is a feasible and effective bedside method to insert emergency temporary pacing leads in patients with TVS.

The phosphate interphase of anisotropic amorphous vanadium oxide (VO-PO@CNPs) can prevent structural reorganization and enrich ion diffusion paths in cathode materials for aqueous zinc ion batteries. VO-PO@CNPs cathodes achieve a high initial capacity, the average capacity reduction rate is just 0.13% for each cycle, and durability is prolonged to 280 hours at 0.2 A g

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles with an acidic lumen and are traditionally characterized as a recycling center in cells. Lysosomal ion channels are integral membrane proteins that form pores in lysosomal membranes and allow the influx and efflux of essential ions. Transmembrane protein 175 (TMEM175) is a unique lysosomal potassium channel that shares little sequence similarity with other potassium channels. It is found in bacteria, archaea, and animals. The prokaryotic TMEM175 consists of one six-transmembrane domain that adopts a tetrameric architecture, while the mammalian TMEM175 is comprised of two six-transmembrane domains that function as a dimer in lysosomal membranes. Previous studies have demonstrated that the lysosomal K+ conductance mediated by TMEM175 is critical for setting membrane potential, maintaining pH stability, and regulating lysosome–autophagosome fusion. AKT and B-cell lymphoma 2 regulate TMEM175’s channel activity through direct binding. Two recent studies reported that the human TMEM175 is also a proton-selective channel under normal lysosomal pH (4.5–5.5) as the K+ permeation dramatically decreased at low pH while the H+ current through TMEM175 greatly increased. Genome-wide association studies and functional studies in mouse models have established that TMEM175 is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease, which sparks more research interests in this lysosomal channel.

There is no gold standard to tell frustrating outcomes after the catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). The study aims to construct a prognostic tool. We retrospectively analyzed 315 patients with PAF who underwent first-time ablation at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. The endpoint was identified as any documented relapse of atrial tachyarrhythmia lasting longer than 30 s after the three-month blanking period. Univariate Cox regression analyzed eleven preablation parameters, followed by two supervised machine learning algorithms and stepwise regression to construct a nomogram internally validated. Five factors related to ablation failure were as follows: female sex, left atrial appendage emptying flow velocity ≤31 cm/s, estimated glomerular filtration rate

During oxidative stress, an important factor in the development of many diseases, cellular oxidative and antioxidant activities are imbalanced due to various internal and external factors such as inflammation or diet. The administration of probiotic Lactobacillus strains has been shown to confer a range of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects in the host. This review focuses on the potential role of oxidative stress in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), cancer, and liver-related diseases in the context of preventive and therapeutic effects associated with Lactobacillus. This article reviews studies in cell lines and animal models as well as some clinical population reports that suggest that Lactobacillus could alleviate basic symptoms and related abnormal indicators of IBD, cancers, and liver damage, and covers evidence supporting a role for the Nrf2, NF-κB, and MAPK signaling pathways in the effects of Lactobacillus in alleviating inflammation, oxidative stress, aberrant cell proliferation, and apoptosis. This review also discusses the unmet needs and future directions in probiotic Lactobacillus research including more extensive mechanistic analyses and more clinical trials for Lactobacillus-based treatments.

Organic luminogens with room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) have been paid great attention and developed rapidly for their wide application values. Until now, the internal mechanism and source of phosphorescence are still obscure, especially for the relationship between molecular dimer and RTP emission. Hence, we designed and synthesized eight phenothiazine 5,5-dioxide derivatives to directly reveal how the monomer and dimer in packing affect the RTP behavior. Dimers with strong π-π stacking (θ d θ d

BackgroundThe epiphysis is a rather uncommon location of hematogenous osteomyelitis involvement. Because the transphyseal arteries vanish about 15-18 months of age, epiphyseal osteomyelitis was previously assumed to occur mainly in newborns under one year of age.Methods and Results In this case report, we present three cases of epiphyseal osteomyelitis who are older than 18 months. Most doctors believe that epiphyseal osteomyelitis caused by bacteria often has a good prognosis and cures without long-term complications. In our study, one patient underwent timely aggressive surgical treatment combined with antibiotic therapy in the early course of the disease. Seven months after surgery, his laboratory examinations were normal with no evidence of recurrence. But he had limited flexion and extension of the knee, and the range of motion was 20°- 100°. This complication was not reported in any of the previous studies. ConclusionsThe diagnosis of epiphyseal osteomyelitis is often delayed because of silent symptoms, mild radiological changes, and atypical location. Physicians should be aware of the clinical and radiographic features of this disease so that it can be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible to prevent further development and complications.

ObjectiveTo quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of the Ponseti method for the correction of clubfoot, we decided to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate changes in the tarsal bone relationship.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of fifteen children with clubfeet who were treated with the Ponseti method. MRI studies were obtained using a 3.0T Machine (GE Healthcare, United States). T1-weighted and T2-weighted images were acquired in the standard anatomic sagittal, transverse, and coronal planes. For the measurement, the best slice that clearly demonstrated the anatomy was chosen. Sagittal talocalcaneal angle, sagittal tibiocalcaneal angle, coronal tibiocalcaneal angle, transverse talar neck angle, transverse talonavicular angle, and transverse talocalcaneal angle were measured. The eighteen corrected clubfeet were compared with the twelve unilateral normal feet at clinical and radiological levels using a Pirani scoring system and MRI, respectively.ResultsIn total, 15 cases (twelve boys and three girls) with clubfeet were examined by using MRI. Twelve cases had unilateral and three had bilateral involvement (eleven left clubfeet and seven right clubfeet), giving a total of eighteen clubfeet when compared with twelve normal feet. The mean age of patients at examination was 47.7 months (8–96 months). The recovery of the corrected clubfoot in these patients met the goals of Ponseti treatment (functional, normal looking, pain-free, and plantigrade foot). Before Ponseti treatment, the mean Pirani score of clubfoot was 5.5 (5–6). During this follow-up, the Pirani score was 0.07 (0–0.05). The results of the MRI indicated that only the transverse talonavicular angle showed a significant difference between the treated clubfeet and the normal feet (p < 0.001). One case had dorsal talonavicular subluxation in the sagittal plane and had the lateral subluxation of the navicular in the transverse plane, which has never been reported in previous studies.ConclusionAlthough the appearance and function of clubfoot were recovered well after the Ponseti method, the results of MRI indicated that the Ponseti method successfully corrected the varus, cavus, and equinus deformities and incompletely corrected the adduction deformity regarding transverse talonavicular angle. At the same time, the Ponseti method may cause dorsal talonavicular subluxation in the sagittal plane and lateral subluxation of the navicular in the transverse plane on MRI.

BackgroundTo quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of the Ponseti method for the correction of clubfoot, we decided to use Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) to evaluate changes in the tarsal bones relationship. MethodsThis is a retrospective study of 12 children with clubfoot treated with Ponseti method. MRI studies were obtained using a 3.0T machine(GE, America). T1-weighted and T2-weighted images were acquired in the standard anatomic sagittal, transverse, and coronal planes. For the measurement, the best slice that clearly demonstrated the anatomy was chosen. Sagittal talocalcaneal angle, sagittal tibiocalcaneal angle, coronal tibiocalcaneal angle, transverse talar neck angle, transverse talonavicular angle and transverse talocalcaneal angle were measured. The 15 corrected clubfoot were compared with the 9 unilateral normal feet at clinical and radiological levels using a Pirani scoring system and MRI, respectively.Results12 patients (10 boys, 2 girls) with clubfoot were examined by using MRI. 9 cases had unilateral and 3 had bilateral involvement(8 left clubfoot, 7 right clubfoot), giving a total of 15 clubfoot compared with 9 normal feet. The mean age of patients at examination was 47.7months (8-96 months). The recovery of the corrected clubfoot in these patients met the goals of Ponseti treatment(functional, normal looking, pain-free, plantigrade foot). Before Ponseti treatment, the mean Pirani score of clubfoot was 5.5(5-6). During this follow-up, the Pirani score was 0.07(0-0.05). The results of MRI indicated that only the transverse talonavicular angle showed significant difference between the treated clubfoot and the normal feet(P

Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) is one of the most common congenital limb defects in children, which is a multifactorial and complex disease that associates with many unknown genetic, social-demographic, and environmental risk factors. Emerging evidence proved that gene expression or mutation might play an important role in the occurrence and development of CTEV. However, the underlying reasons and involved mechanisms are still not clear. Herein, to probe the potential genes and related signaling pathways involved in CTEV, we first identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by mRNA sequencing in pediatric patients with CTEV compared with normal children. The gene of

Background The ultrasensitive monitoring strategy of zearalenone (ZEN) is essential and desirable for food safety and human health. In the present study, a coupling of gold nanoparticles-DNA barcode and direct competitive immunoassay-based real-time polymerase chain reaction signal amplification (RT-IPCR) for ZEN close to the sensitivity of PCR-like levels is described and evaluated. Results The RT-IPCR benefited from the use of a DNA barcode and RT-PCR detection strategy, thus resulting in ultrasensitive and simple detection for ZEN. Under the optimal RT-IPCR, the linear range of detection was from 0.5 to 1000 pg mL-1 and the limit of detection was 0.5 pg mL-1 , which was 400-fold lower than the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The detection procedure was simplified and the detection time was shortened. The specificity, accuracy and precision of the RT-IPCR confirmed a high performance. ZEN-positive contamination levels were from 0.056 to 152.12 ng g-1 by the RT-IPCR, which was demonstrated to be highly reliable by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Conclusion The proposed RT-IPCR could be used as an alternative for detecting ZEN with satisfactory ultrasensitivity, simplicity, low cost and high-throughput. The present study could provide a strategy for the ultrasensitive detection of the small molecule with a simple and practical approach, which has significant appeal and application prospects.

Lysosomes have fundamental physiological roles and have previously been implicated in Parkinson’s disease1–5. However, how extracellular growth factors communicate with intracellular organelles to control lysosomal function is not well understood. Here we report a lysosomal K+ channel complex that is activated by growth factors and gated by protein kinase B (AKT) that we term lysoKGF. LysoKGF consists of a pore-forming protein TMEM175 and AKT: TMEM175 is opened by conformational changes in, but not the catalytic activity of, AKT. The minor allele at rs34311866, a common variant in TMEM175, is associated with an increased risk of developing Parkinson’s disease and reduces channel currents. Reduction in lysoKGF function predisposes neurons to stress-induced damage and accelerates the accumulation of pathological α-synuclein. By contrast, the minor allele at rs3488217—another common variant of TMEM175, which is associated with a decreased risk of developing Parkinson’s disease—produces a gain-of-function in lysoKGF during cell starvation, and enables neuronal resistance to damage. Deficiency in TMEM175 leads to a loss of dopaminergic neurons and impairment in motor function in mice, and a TMEM175 loss-of-function variant is nominally associated with accelerated rates of cognitive and motor decline in humans with Parkinson’s disease. Together, our studies uncover a pathway by which extracellular growth factors regulate intracellular organelle function, and establish a targetable mechanism by which common variants of TMEM175 confer risk for Parkinson’s disease. The identification of a lysosomal K+ channel complex—comprising AKT and the pore-forming TMEM175—provides insights into the mechanisms through which variants of the pore-forming protein affect the development of Parkinson’s disease.

V-based materials are widely applied as cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries because the high potential of V5+ provides a thermodynamic basis for the transition of Zn2+. The isotropy of high entropy amorphous vanadium oxide not only avoids the performance degradation caused by the broken crystal structure, but also offers more active sites and improves the solid-state solubility and transfer kinetics of Zn2+. Herein, a high entropy amorphous vanadium oxide@carbon matrix (VxOy@C) was obtained via a simple coprecipitation method. Two electrochemical activation strategies could induce the activation of amorphous VxOy@C as a high-performance cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). After electrochemical activation, the amorphous VxOy@C exhibited a high specific capacity of 399.1 mA h g−1, high rate capability of 314.1 mA h g−1 at 2.0 A g−1 and excellent cycling stability for up to 300 cycles with a specific capacity retention of 91.8%. It was proven that the amorphous lump of VxOy@C transforms into an amorphous fibrous material accompanied by an increase in the valency of V. With the insertion of Zn2+, the fibrous materials would be reversibly converted into a lamellar structure.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisin B

The present study evaluated risk factors related to persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) at discharge (AF-d) and recurrent atrial fibrillation (rAF) and all-cause death after the maze IV procedure. Two hundred nineteen patients (63 female, aged 52.5±8.8 years) with valve disease and persistent AF undergoing valve surgery and the maze IV procedure in our center between 2015 and 2016 were included. Baseline demographic and clinical data were obtained by review of medical records. The median follow-up period was 27 months (interquartile range 21–34 months) in our patient cohort. The primary end point was all-cause death. The secondary end point was AF-d or rAF. rAF is defined as AF recurrence at 3 months or later after the procedure. Twenty-eight patients (12.8%) died during follow-up. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that thrombocytopenia, elevated serum total bilirubin level, a larger right atrium, AF-d, and rAF were independent determinants for all-cause death after the maze IV procedure after adjustment for age, sex, and clinical covariates, including New York Heart Association class III/IV disease, hypertension, and aortic regurgitation, while valvular disease duration and left atrial diameter greater than 80.5 mm were independent determinants for AF-d, and thrombocytopenia, elevated serum total bilirubin level, higher mean pulmonary artery pressure, and AF-d were independent predictors for rAF. In conclusion, thrombocytopenia, elevated serum total bilirubin level, an enlarged right atrium, AF-d, and rAF are independent predictors of all-cause death in patients undergoing the maze IV procedure.

Lithium (Li) metal is an excellent anode of Li ion batteries because of its high theoretical capacity and the low redox potential compared to other anodes. However, the uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites still incurs serious safety issues and poor electrochemical performances, leading to its limited practical application. An oxygen and boron codoped honeycomb carbon skeleton (OBHcCs) is reported and a stable Li metal-based anode is realized. It can be coated on a copper foil substrate to be used as a current collector for a dendrite-free Li metal anode. OBHcCs effectively reduces the local current density owing to the high surface area and inhibits Li dendrite growth, which is explored by scanning electron microscopy and an X-ray photoelectron spectra depth profile. The abundant lithiophilic oxygen and boron-containing functional groups reduce the potential barrier of nucleation and lead to the homogeneous Li ions flux as confirmed by the density functional theories. Therefore, the Li metal anode based on OBHcCs (OBHcCs@Li) stably runs for 700 h in a symmetric cell with a Li stripping capacity of 1 mAh cm

Organic porous crystals constructed by only a single kind of weak molecular interaction are invaluable to understanding the nature of the formation of organic porous materials and developing new types of porous materials. Here, we designed and synthesized two pure organic compounds of PBO and PBS through integrating planar dibenzothiophene/dibenzofuran and two phenothiazine groups together with twisted C-N bonds, which form organic microporous crystals with very good stability against strong acids and bases via pure C-H•••π interactions. Accordingly, the effective absorption of toluene has been successfully realized with adsorbing capacity of 6.20 mmol g-1, regardless of the interference of water vapour. Excitedly, these microporous materials exhibit interesting crystal-to-crystal transformation (CCT) property accompanying with the changed pore size, once being fumigated by different organic solvents. Therefore, the desorption process of toluene could be completed through simple fumigation with dichloromethane (DCM) and the second transformation of the crystal occurred in this process.

2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) has the potential to replace terephthalic acid (TPA) as a building block in the preparation of bio-based and degradable polyester materials. However, the lack of efficient and stable catalysts limits the commercial viability of FDCA production. In this work, metalloporphyrins were immobilized on mesoporous SiO2 and used as a novel oxidase to convert 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to FDCA. As the catalytic active center of P450 monooxygenases and horseradish peroxidase, supported palladium, manganese, ferri, and cobalt porphyrins via ionic-liquid-functionalized SiO2 (PdPOP-SiO2, MgPOP-SiO2, FePOP-SiO2 and CoPOP-SiO2) were able to simulate oxidase alone under mild conditions. 100% HMF (0.02 M) conversion and 94.94% FDCA yield were achieved using PdPOP-SiO2 as a biomimetic oxidase after a 12 h reaction at 373 K in water at atmospheric pressure. This type of mimetic oxidase is stable, inexpensive, and readily available, and the method developed in this work can potentially be used to oxidize HMF to FDCA in an industrial setting.

Quartz phenocrysts are common in many granites, volcanic rocks, metamorphic rocks and hydrothermal deposits. The Dongping porphyritic granite contains large amounts of rounded to sub-rounded quartz phenocrysts. Minerals in this porphyritic granite show weak but distinct orientation. Dense clusters of fluid inclusions and albite crystals exist in the quartz, showing snowball texture. Two types of snowball quartz are recognized: (1) large snowball quartz phenocrysts containing large albite grains distributed in the core and small albite grains distributed in the mantle, and (2) small snowball quartz crystals containing small albite grains. The granite is characterized by high SiO2 (7.15–73.44 wt%), K2O (4.70–5.10 wt%) and Na2O (4.93–5.21 wt%) contents, low CaO (0.41–0.71 wt%), MgO (0.03–0.05 wt%), Fe2O3 (0.87–0.94 wt%), TiO2 (0.02–0.03 wt%) and ΣREE (7.10–9.80 ppm) contents. The granite has similar mineral and chemical composition with the aplite in the area, and they were derived from the residual melt of the Shuiquangou magma that suffered assimilation fractional crystallization process. Fluid inclusions in the quartz phenocrysts have homogenization temperatures of 260–380 °C and salinities of 1.4–12.4 wt% NaCl equiv. for liquid + vapor type inclusions and 34.1–44.3 wt% NaCl equiv. for brine ones. The quartz phenocrysts exhibit homogeneous cathodoluminescence without growth bands or zoning. The trace element contents in the quartz phenocrysts are extremely low (Ti 3.4–5.1 ppm, Al 13–118 ppm, Li

Personalized immunotherapy targeting tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) could generate efficient and safe antitumor immune response without damaging normal tissues. Although neoantigen vaccines have shown therapeutic effect in clinic trials, precise prediction of neoantigens from tumor mutations is still challenging. The host antitumor immune response selects and activates T cells recognizing tumor antigens. Hence, T cells engineered with T-cell receptors (TCRs) from these naturally occurring tumor antigen-specific T (Tas) cells in a patient will target personal TSAs in his/her tumor. To establish such a personalized TCR-T cell therapy, we comprehensively characterized T cells in tumor and its adjacent tissues by single-cell mRNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), TCR sequencing (TCR-seq) and in vitro neoantigen stimulation. Compared to bystander T cells circulating among tissues, Tas cells were characterized by tumor enrichment, tumor-specific clonal expansion and neoantigen specificity. We found that CXCL13 is a unique marker for both CD4(+) and CD8(+) Tas cells. Importantly, TCR-T cells expressing TCRs from Tas cells showed significant therapeutic effects on autologous patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors. Intratumoral Tas cell levels measured by CXCL13 expression precisely predicted the response to immune checkpoint blockade, indicating a critical role of Tas cells in the antitumor immunity. We further identified CD200 and ENTPD1 as surface markers for CD4(+) and CD8(+) Tas cells respectively, which enabled the isolation of Tas cells from tumor by Fluorescence Activating Cell Sorter (FACS) sorting. Overall, our results suggest that TCR-T cells engineered with Tas TCRs are a promising agent for personalized immunotherapy, and intratumoral Tas cell levels determine the response to immunotherapy.

H2O–H–Na co-intercalation is beneficial to enhance the structure of open framework V-based materials, leading to the improvement of Zn2+ transport kinetics and solid-state solubility in V-based electrodes. Zn|Zn(CF3SO3)2|HNaV6O16·4H2O exhibits an excellent specific capacity of 432.4 mA h g−1 and a long-term cyclic performance up to 800 cycles at 2.0 A g−1 with a reversible phase transformation. For the fast charge capability, a high specific capacity of 411.2 mA h g−1 is achieved with a coulomb efficiency of 100%. The co-intercalation structure can provide a new strategy for the design of fast charge cathode materials in aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs).