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Hydrogel actuators have gained considerable interest and experienced significant advancements in recent years. However, the programming of their actuating behaviors is still challenging. Herein, we report the development and regulation of gradient structures of hydrogels for programmable thermally responsive actuating behaviors. The hydrogel actuators are developed by controlling the photoreduction of Fe

The rapid development of new energy sources has brought a certain impact on the original power grid structure, accelerated the wear of unit equipment, and affected the stability, safety, and economy of thermal power unit operation, so it is proposed to add an energy storage system to solve the above problems. To analyze the secondary frequency regulation effect of thermal power units assisted by a flywheel energy storage system, a mathematical model of the control strategy on both sides of the boiler, steam turbine, and flywheel permanent magnet synchronous motor is proposed, and a two-regional power grid model is built through MATLAB/Simulink to simulate the frequency regulation effect of units with or without energy storage participation through step disturbance and continuous disturbance, which are 0.045 and 0.023 p.u. MW. Under step disturbance, the frequency fluctuation of the coupled energy storage system changed by 0.025 228 p.u. Hz, the time for the system to return to a steady state was shortened by 5.85 s, the maximum change of the frequency of the system in Region 2 was reduced by 0.025 579 p.u. Hz, and under continuous disturbance, the fluctuation of the output power of the steam turbine in Region 1 was reduced by 0.022 982 p.u. MW. In summary, under the same disturbance conditions in the outside world, the use of flywheel energy storage to assist the frequency regulation of thermal power units can effectively reduce the frequency fluctuation of the system, reduce the fluctuation of the output power of the steam turbine, reduce the loss of mechanical equipment, and extend the service life of the unit to a certain extent.

Humidity-responsive polymeric actuators have gained considerable interest due to their great potential in the fields including soft robotics, artificial muscles, smart sensors, and actuators. However, most of them can only exhibit invariable shape changes, which severely restricts their further exploration and practical use. Herein, we report that programmable humidity-responsive actuating behaviors can be realized by introducing photoprogrammable hygroscopic patterns into shape memory polymers. Poly(ethylene

Introduction The purpose of this study was to explore the outcomes of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) plus idarubicin (IDA) as a frontline treatment in adult patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Patients and Methods We analyzed the outcomes of ATRA and intravenous ATO plus IDA as a frontline induction therapy in 118 patients with APL with high-risk (HR) and standard-risk (SR) disease from January 2008 to December 2017. The medical records of 118 patients with APL (HR, n = 45; SR, n = 73) who received the frontline triple combination regimen at Henan Provincial People’s Hospital and Tongji Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Consolidation therapy comprised 6 cycles of ATO and ATRA plus IDA, and IDA was administered in 1 to 4 cycles of consolidation therapy based on the comparable clinical efficacy compared with 6 cycles and fewer side effects to myocardium without subsequent maintenance therapy. Results Of 118 patients, there were 3 (2.5%) early deaths and 115 (97.5%) hematologic complete remissions; 102 (88.7%) of 115 patients achieved molecular complete remission following induction therapy, and all patients were polymerase chain reaction-negative for promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor alpha after the first cycle of consolidation therapy. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were 93.0% ± 2.9% and 92.4% ± 3.0%, respectively. Early death, hematologic complete remissions, molecular complete remissions, and toxicities were comparable between the HR and SR groups. The cumulative incidence of relapse in the HR group was 4.7% (n = 2), and the cumulative incidence of relapse in the SR group was 0. The OS and EFS of the SR and HR groups were comparable (92.3% ± 4.5% vs. 92.8% ± 4.0%; X2 = 0.263; P = .608; 92.3% ± 4.5% vs. 91.1% ± 4.2%, X2 = 0.917; P = .338). The total dosage of IDA was approximately 181 to 258 mg, and no patient experienced cardiotoxicity. OS and EFS were not influenced by fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication mutation status (P = .405 and P = .528, respectively). Conclusion The triple combination of ATRA and ATO plus IDA as both an induction and consolidation therapy for the HR and SR groups attained excellent outcomes, and this regimen was effective, safe, and easy, without maintenance therapy. The triple combination treatment might be a preferred frontline therapy for patients with APL, especially for those with HR or the APL fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication mutation.

This article applies the classic Black-Scholes model (i.e. B-S model) and turnover rate adapted B-S model (revised B-S model) to equity incentive valuation of listed companies. Unlike other studies on equity incentive valuation which generally adopt historical volatility, this article applies the GARCH model to equity incentive valuation. The volatility of stock price is estimated by the GARCH model to improve the accuracy of equity incentive valuation. The turnover rate has an important impact on the equity incentive valuation of listed companies. Considering the turnover rate can improve the accuracy of the equity incentive valuation and reduce the error of equity incentive valuation. Through the case study of the equity incentive valuation of Infinova, the practicality of the equity incentive valuation method is further verified.

An extendable double network design for hydrogels with programmable external geometries and actuating trajectories is presented. Chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide as the first network penetrated with linear alginate chains is prepared for demonstration. The coordination of Fe

The CO2 hydrogenation to dimethyl ether (DME) is a potentially promising process for efficiently utilizing CO2 as a renewable and cheap carbon resource. Currently, the one-step heterogeneous catalytic conversion of CO2 to value-added chemicals exhibits higher efficiency than photocatalytic or electrocatalytic routes. However, typical catalysts for the one-step CO2 hydrogenation to DME still suffer from the deficient space–time yield and stability in industrial demonstrations/applications. In this perspective, the recent development of the one-step CO2 hydrogenation to DME is focused on different catalytic systems by examining the reported experimental results and the reaction mechanism including the catalytic nature of active sites, activation modes and of CO2 molecules under relevant conditions; surface intermediates are comparatively analyzed and discussed. In addition to the more traditional Cu-based, Pd-based, and oxide-derived bifunctional catalysts, a further emphasis is given to the characteristics of the recently emerged In2O3-based bifunctional catalysts for the one-step conversion of CO2 to DME. Moreover, GaN itself, as a bifunctional catalyst, shows over 90% DME selectivity and a reasonably high activity for one-step CO2 hydrogenation, and the direct hydrogenation of CO2 via the unique non-methanol intermediate mechanism is highlighted as an important illustration for exploring new catalytic systems. With these analyses and current understandings, the research directions in the aspects of catalysis and DME economy are suggested for the further development of one-step DME synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation.

We compared the outcomes of immunosuppressive therapy (IST) with those of T cell-replete haploidentical donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) in children and adolescents with severe aplastic anemia (SAA). The medical records of 49 patients with SAA who received frontline IST (n = 29) or frontline haplo-HSCT (n = 20) between 2012 and 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. Fourteen patients responded after the first IST, and 1 patient responded after the second IST in the frontline IST group; 12 patients underwent salvage HSCT after IST failure. Sixteen of the 20 patients who underwent frontline haplo-HSCT survived without treatment failure. The 3-year overall survival of the frontline IST group was comparable to that of the frontline haplo-HSCT group (79.3 ± 7.5% versus 85.0 ± 8.0%; χ2 = 0.110; P = .740). The 3-year failure-free survival was lower in the frontline IST group compared with the frontline haplo-HSCT group (35.9 ± 10.9% versus 80.0 ± 8.9%; χ2 = 4.089; P = .043). Five patients of the IST group who underwent salvage HSCT achieved long survival without event. The event-free survival was lower in the salvage HSCT group compared with the haplo-HSCT group (41.7 ± 14.2% versus 80.0 ± 8.9%; χ2 = 3.992; P = .046), and the incidences of acute GVHD, grade II-IV acute GVHD, chronic GVHD, and severe infection were comparable between the 2 groups. Our results suggest that frontline haplo-HSCT may be a better treatment than IST for children and adolescents with SAA who lack an HLA age-matched familial donor.

Background: Current guidelines recommend a standard ticagrelor loading dose (LD) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. However, antiplatelet therapy in STEMI patients at high risk of thrombotic events is suboptimal. The study was conducted to validate whether vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP)-guided ticagrelor dosing individual therapy may result in more effective platelet inhibition and better clinical outcomes. Methods: This trial included 374 STEMI patients with a low platelet response after ticagrelor LD. The patients were randomized into a control group and a VASP-guided group, where the ticagrelor pretreatment was individually adjusted before and after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to obtain a VASP index < 50%. Up to 2 additional boluses of ticagrelor (every additional dosing was 90 mg) were prescribed after the first LD, and the VASP index was assessed 2 hours after each administration until a VASP index < 50% was obtained or up to 3 dosages (360 mg). The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) at 30 days. The secondary endpoints were thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) major and minor bleeding. Results: The characteristics were similar in the 2 groups. After the ticagrelor doses increased, the platelet reactivity index (PRI) decreased, and 98.4% of patients reached PRI < 50% in the VASP-guided group. The adenosine concentration increased, and the rate of MACE was significantly lower in the VASP-guided group (10 [5.3%] vs. 20 [10.8%], hazard ratio 2.38, 95% confidence interval 1.21–3.28, p = 0.007). There were no major hemorrhagic complications (0 vs. 0, p = 1.0). The rate of minor bleeding in the VASP-guided group was higher than that in the control group, but the difference was not significant (24 [12.8%] vs. 16 [8.6%], p = 0.068). Conclusions: The incremental ticagrelor dosing strategy decreases the rate of MACE after PCI without increasing major and minor bleeding.

Due to the very weak acidity of CO

DNA damage plays an essential role in the human ageing process. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that a decreased level of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is involved in human ageing and suggested that the natural supplements of NAD+ precursors and its homeostasis regulators might serve as a promising modality to slow down the human ageing process. In the present study, we analyzed the combinational effects and potential mechanism of NAD+ precursors, nicotinic acid (NA) and nicotinamide (NM), and the NAD+’ homeostasis regulators, resveratrol (R), and quercetin (Q) in the protection and rescue of HEK293 cells from N-methyl- N'-nitro- N nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced DNA damage. The results indicate that resveratrol and quercetin can significantly potentiate the cell protection and rescue effects of NAD+ precursors in HEK293 cells attacked by the DNA damaging agent, MNNG. Intracellular NAD+ homeostasis and the PARP1 activation status are the key factors in determining the fate of the cells under DNA damaging stress.

An Al2O3 material assembled by nanoflakes was used to prepare supported CeO2-ZrO2 catalyst via a deposition-precipitation method for oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene with CO2. Both unsupported and commercial Al2O3-supported CeO2-ZrO2 were prepared for comparison. It was found that the CeO2-ZrO2/nanoflake-assembled Al2O3 catalyst exhibited the best catalytic activity. The characterization results revealed that the slit-shape pores existing in nanoflake-assembled Al2O3 were responsible for the small particle size and high Ce/Zr surface ratio of supported CeO2-ZrO2 species. The dispersion of Ce1-xZrx(OH)4 precursors onto Al2O3 support surface during the deposition-precipitation process was proposed. The high dispersion and large numbers of surface oxygen vacancies of the CeO2-ZrO2 species on nanoflake-assembled Al2O3 contributed to the excellent catalytic performance in oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene with CO2. This kind of special Al2O3 is expected to be a promising support for preparing highly dispersed metal/metal oxide catalysts.

An oligo(ethylene glycol)-based star polymer of N

A novel hyperbranched lower critical solution temperature (LCST) polymer with sharp temperature and CO

What have endeared Su Shi to countless followers in nearly a thousand years all over the world lie not only in his outstanding achievements in literary and arts, but also in his optimism in adversity. This paper probes into the insight secrets of why he could be happy most of the time to enlighten people nowadays to lead a happy, easy and peaceful life. Firstly, transcending constantly through keeping adjusting his expectations in accordance with the everchanging circumstances: transcending conventions to realize his people-oriented ambition when he was a young official; transcending material limitations when he was exiled for the first time to Huangzhou; transcending fame and power when he was back to court with great power; transcending himself when he was exiled for the second time to Huizhou and finally transcending everything when he was banished to the most remote Danzhou on Hainan Island; and secondly, seeing every circumstance in a positive light: overlooking the negative and magnifying the positive; indulging himself in the beauty of the nature; enjoying the present moment and being optimistic about the future without thinking.

Mesoporous MCM-41 materials are silica-based systems with hexagonally arranged mesopores with long-range order, which were initially developed in 1992. Generally, the ordered mesopores are formed through the condensation of silicates around the self-assembled micelles by surfactant molecules or through liquid-crystal phases influenced by the silicate. During the past decades, numerous routes for the synthesis of MCM-41 materials have been developed. With modification of the synthesis conditions, such as the type of solvents, silica sources, addition of other metal species (e.g. , Al), surfactant type and relative concentration, pH value, synthesis temperature, aging and drying conditions, etc. , the morphology and catalytic properties of the obtained MCM-41 materials can be controlled. Among them, the direct room-temperature synthesis of siliceous MCM-41 f, h,4] has drawn great interest as it is a rapid method under mild conditions with less energy and time consumed compared with classic hydrothermal synthesis (heating normally required at 60–150 8C for 1–6 d). 5] Huo et al. synthesized mesoporous silica spheres by using different silica sources under basic conditions with stirring for 15–30 h at room temperature. They found that lower alkoxysilanes, such as tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), yielded only small MCM-41 particles, whereas higher alkoxysilanes, such as tetrabutyl orthosilicate (TBOS), led to larger MCM-41 spheres. These spheres were obtained at a low stirring speed ( 450 rpm). Cai et al. and Grun et al. synthesized siliceous MCM-41 particles in a diluted solution of surfactants with tetraethoxysilane under basic conditions at room temperature with stirring for 2 h. The resulting particle size was in the range of micrometers (1 mm) to nanometers (100 nm) controlled by using different basic additives (NaOH/NH4OH) [3c] and surfactants (n-hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and nhexadecylpyridiniumchloride monohydrate). Recently, Pescarmona and co-workers synthesized [Ti]MCM-41 materials with particle sizes of 80–160 nm by using TEOS, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), NaOH, and titanium(IV) isopropoxide with stirring at room temperature for 2 h and found that Mesoporous [Al]MCM-41 materials with nSi/nAl ratios of 15 to 50 suitable for the direct catalytic conversion of phenylglyoxal to ethylmandelate have been successfully synthesized at room temperature within 1 h. The surface areas and pore sizes of the obtained [Al]MCM-41 materials are in the ranges of 1005– 1246 mg 1 and 3.44–3.99 nm, respectively, for the different nSi/nAl ratios. For all [Al]MCM-41 catalysts, most of the Al species were tetrahedrally coordinated with Si in the next coordination sphere of atoms. H and C magic-angle spinning NMR spectroscopic investigations indicated that the acid strength of the SiOH groups on these [Al]MCM-41 catalysts and the density of these surface sites are enhanced with increasing Al content in the synthesis gels. These surface sites with enhanced acid strength were found to be catalytically active sites for phenylglyoxal conversion. The [Al]MCM-41 material with nSi/ nAl=15 showed the highest phenylglyoxal conversion (93.4%) and selectivity to ethylmandelate (96.9%), whereas the [Al]MCM-41 material with nSi/nAl=50 reached the highest turnover frequency (TOF=99.3 h ). This is a much better catalytic performance than that of a dealuminated zeolite Y (TOF= 1.7 h ) used as a reference catalyst, which is explained by lower reactant transport limitations in mesoporous materials than that in the microporous zeolite.

This exploratory research project is one of the research series on Ubiquitous Learning in English for Policing based on vocational scenarios, it focuses on the application of WeChat, the most popular software on smart phones among college students in China at present, in English for Specific Purpose (hereinafter referred to as ESP) training. The aim of applying WeChat is to improve the students’ interests, motivation and efficiency of vocational field training. This paper presents previous and relevant studies, features of WeChat, and the implementation process of ESP training in a college English class via WeChat including lead in, text reading and scenario-based activities with emphasis on peer training, group training and face-to-face training details; analysis of the survey reveals that most students are in favor of using WeChat in English learning and training. Advantages and disadvantages of using WeChat in ESP training are also discussed.

Energy conservation in building is a key link on alleviating energy-deficient contradiction, improving the quality of human life environment, and realizing sustainable development in our country. In this paper, we construct low-carbon building evaluation index system and evaluation method from five aspects—low-carbon structure, low-carbon materials, low-carbon energy, low-carbon technology and low-carbon management. Finally, taking "Solar Valley" in Dezhou as an example, we make the evaluation to its situation of low-carbon building.

In contrast with the traditional web-mediated English learning emphasizing curricular presentation, we propose a Virtual Policing in English (VPIE) pedagogy----a unique and innovative application of several latest web technologies in scenario-based interpersonal interactions ----for the trainee-centered police English learning and field training based on Virtual Enterprise and other recent studies. Five key components of the VPIE network include the STARS model Curricular Learning developed with Dreamweaver 8 and Ulead Video Studio 11 to strengthen experiencing and interactions; the core function of VPIE Field Training implemented with a Scenario Base through a dynamic platform developed with Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 asp.net(c#) or with the assistance of QQ International 1.2 to sustain the participant’s interests; the Student Voice forum and reflections to ensure the priority role of trainees; synchronous web-lecturing and asynchronous consultation Tutoring to meet individual demands; and lastly a tertiary index quantitative Assessment system to provide a fair and standard evaluation. Outcomes of VPIE practice are consistent to the demanding skills of cross-disciplinary talents and the promising Virtual Service Learning premised on VPIE is being implemented in a wider variety of educational settings and disciplines.

With the purpose of analyzing non-stationary time series, this paper introduced a novel nonlinear cointegration discriminate analysis by employing support vector machines to overcome existing limitations of two methods, that is, the statistical approach and the neural network used by the nonlinear cointegration theory. The proposed nonlinear cointegration discriminate analysis can effectively address the key step in the nonlinear cointegration test. Then, the application of the innovated method in the investigation of the connection between financial markets was explored. The empirical analysis demonstrates that the support vector machine is significant in investigating the money demand function and its stability and has advantages in dealing with nonlinear cointegration relations among different financial variables and estimating nonlinear function over the two methods above.

The paper begins with the introduction of the origin and wide application of flipped classroom model (hereafter refers to as FCM) in American schools, and then analyzes the basic connotations and framework of FCM with creative thinking. Five famous American FCMs are illustrated in detail and compared in different areas, which are used for reference in the design of our own future class. The highlight and creation of the paper is presented in Part III expounding the creative design and practice of Student-led FCM in English learning in Chinese high schools. It includes the elaborate design of pre-class independent learning with two indispensable components of Chinese FCM: micro-course and in-class activity learning with group discussion. The paper finally demonstrates a case study of Student-led FCM in English class designed and implemented by the students in Dalian Yuming Senior High School tentatively, providing inspiration and references for the creative application of Student-led FCM in Chinese high schools.

The paper firstly introduces the developing process of flipped classroom home and abroad, and then illustrates the connotations, models and practical strategies of micro-courses and flipped classroom. The highlight of the paper is in the third part which details how the study of self-regulated micro-course learning and implicitly layered flipped classroom designed and developed. To divide the students into five implicit layers and to upload five-levelled micro-courses and preview learning materials are two preparatory steps. In-class teaching tasks mainly cover providing the critical review of learning material and settling the common questions raised by QQ group members; asking the main points of the text to check preview effects; selecting different-layered students to play different roles in the scenario; consolidating new knowledge with exercises and giving assignments in the form of discussion, translation or writing. After teaching practice and feedback analysis, we can get the result that ILFC (implicitly layered flipped classroom) enables 80 percent of the students to take active part in teaching activities, especially in text analysis and theme discussion. Moreover, it promotes multi-dimension interaction and increases deep-levelled cooperation and understanding. English learning interests and learning atmosphere are simultaneously inspired and improved.

To probe into a new foreign language learning model focusing on online interpersonal interaction based on scenarios and facilitating students' proactive participation in the increasingly demanding work force, virtual training is integrated into face-to-face instruction and online English for Policing learning. The paper presents major ingredients of the program, including curricular framework, the development of the textbook, courseware, learning and virtual training network. Implementation example of the model in the classroom, in the sound lab and on the network is also illustrated. Findings show that the hybrid English for policing learning model promoted student learning motivation, interests and comprehensive abilities. Finally, feasibility of integrating virtual training into more disciplines of ESP (English for Specific Purposes) learning is discussed in view of the practice and results of its application in the specific curriculum of English for Policing.

It has been shown that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) acquire somatic mutations over time, most commonly involving DNMT3A, ASXL1, and TET2 genes. These mutation-bearing stem cells contribute to normal blood development, harbor a selective growth advantage compared to their non-mutated normal stem/progenitor counterparts, lead to the development of clonal hematopoiesis, and can subsequently gain additional mutations that confer full malignant potential. Here we report an unusual two cases of genetically distinct AML arising from a single pre-leukemic ASXL1 L866X mutant clone. A 28-year-old female was diagnosed with acute B lymphoblastic leukemia by the classical morphology and immunophenotype. Cytogenetic evaluation showed a normal 46, XX, female karyotype. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT) from a matched unrelated donor, a 33-year-old male, was performed. Donor peripheral blood derived HSCs were mobilized and administered to the recipient. On the day +50 after Allo-HSCT, cytogenetics showed a donor derived 46, XY, male karyotype. Consistent with this, chimerism analysis showed 100% donor chimerism . Twenty months after Allo-HSCT, she relapsed with AML with monocytic differentiation. Immunophenotyping revealed the blasts were positive for CD34, CD117, HLA-DR, CD13, CD33, CD64, CD14 and MPO, and were negative for B-cell or T-cell markers. Cytogenetics showed a normal 46, XY, male donor-derived karyotype. Engraftment study continued to show complete donor chimerism in the bone marrow. Molecular study revealed the ASXL1 L866X mutation. Notably, the ASXL1 L866X mutation was not only found in DNA obtained from the recipient at the time of the original diagnosis of donor cell leukemia (AML), but also found in DNA obtained on day +50 after allo-HSCT when the recipient showed full donor engraftment as well as successful complete remission. Moreover, this ASXL1 L866X mutation was also observed in DNA from the healthy donor at the time of donation of peripheral HSCs. In contrast, this ASXL1 L866X mutation was not observed in DNA obtained from recipient specimens at diagnosis or during complete remission of acute B-lymphocytic leukemia before allo-HSCT. Therefore, these data confirmed that this ASXL1 L866X mutation originated from donor HSCs . Except for the ASXL1 L866X mutation, we did not find mutations in CEBPA, DNMT3A, ETV6 (TEL), FLT3-ITD, FLT3-TKD, IDH1, IDH2, KIT, KRAS, NPM1, NRAS, PHF6, PTPN11, RUNX1, TET2, or TP53 genes in the recipient at diagnosis, remission, or relapse of donor cell leukemia. Eighty-four months after donation peripheral HSCs, the previously healthy donor also developed AML. The blasts were positive for CD34, CD117, HLA-DR, CD13, CD33, CD123, CD38, and MPO, and were negative for B- and T-cell markers. Cytogenetic analysis revealed 46, XY, male normal karyotype. The ASXL1 L866X and FLT-3/ITD mutation were identified in leukemia cells, but were not detected in his germline fingernail DNA. After four cycles of induction chemotherapy, he received HLA-identical sibling Allo-HSCT from his brother for salvaged therapy. He acquired complete donor chimerism on day +60 and FLT-3/ITD-positive cells disappeared. Two months later, the leukemia relapsed and the patient died from the disease. The fact that 84 months after donation peripheral HSCs, the healthy donor,carrying the same ASXL1 mutation, was diagnosed AML with additional new gene mutation, FLT-3/ITD, was strongly supported the most recent theory that mutation acquisition occurs in functionally normal HSCs and clonal evolution of pre-leukemic HSCs precedes human AML. Moreover, our findings provide in vivo evidence to support a clonal expansion human model in which ASXL1 is an early initiation mutation while FLT3 is a subsequent driver mutation for abnormal HSCs clonal expansion and malignant transformation. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

The objective of English for Elite Police Network program is to provide an interactive platform for trainees, instructors, police experts and other participants so as to enhance interests as well as efficiency in professional English learning and training. Computer-mediated interactions are strengthened in both police English learning and policing skills training through role-playing, discussing and interacting in scenarios which enable a trainee to experience any desirable role in a virtual network setting. The outcomes of program are positive especially in improving the spoken English competency of the trainees with suggestions for further improvement.

The paper proposes the STARS model (Speaking, Transcript, Argument, Role-play, Scenario) to improve interaction and experiencing in police English learning and policing field training with the assistance of multimedia computer networks. Speaking practice and transcript viewing help the learners to experience the original language; argument discussing, role-play and scenario based training enhance interactions among the participants in a virtual policing setting. Trainees of the program enjoy working collaboratively with the STARS model through integrating face to face learning with network mediated training.

Improving the operation and management level of coal washing is an important way to enhance their competitiveness for modern coal washing enterprises. The article establishes the comprehensive operation optimization management system of modern coal washing enterprise that are the operation optimization management involving the all-direction, the whole process and full-time interval, and describes them. The all-directional operation optimization management includes quality, cost and technique; the whole process operation optimization management includes the pre-washing, the washing process and after the washing; the full-time interval operation optimization management includes pre-planning, interim control and after feedback.