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The purpose of the current research is to test and analyze the applicability of the Sellers model in different arrangements and configurations of film cooling holes and then to modify the Sellers m...

The prevalence of antifungal-resistant Candida albicans , which is a common human fungal pathogen causing life-threatening systemic infections, has become a challenge in the treatment of fungal infections. Arthrocolins are a new type of xanthene obtained from Escherichia coli fed with a key fungal precursor toluquinol.

This supporting information includes five movies, providing theraw observation of hydrate slurry vertical upflow patterns in the flow loop. The five movies correspond to fiveflow patterns. Movies S1(LL=0.5, WCF=0.06) is uploaded with file nameMovies S1(LL=0.5, WCF=0.06).mp4. Detailed information includes the raw observation of "rapid conversion slug flow" in low liquid loading conditions. Movies S2(LL=0.5, WCF=0.13) is uploaded with file nameMovies S2.1(LL=0.5, WCF=0.13).mp4. Detailed information includes the raw observation of "depositionslug flow" in low liquid loading conditions. Movies S3(LL=0.5, WCF=0.2) is uploaded with file nameMovies S2.2(LL=0.5, WCF=0.2).mp4. Detailed information includes the raw observation of "hydrate wisp annular flow" in low liquid loading conditions. Movies S4(LL=0.8, WCF=0.15) is uploaded with file nameMovies S3(LL=0.8, WCF=0.15).mp4. Detailed information includes the raw observation of "rapid conversion slug flow" in highliquid loading conditions. Movies S5(LL=0.8, WCF=0.25) is uploaded with file nameMovies S4(LL=0.8, WCF=0.25).mp4. Detailed information includes the raw observation of "depositionslug flow" in highliquid loading conditions.

The highly unstable methyl sulfinyl azide, CH

As a highly efficient anticancer agent, doxorubicin (DOX) is used for treatment of various cancers, but DOX-induced oxidative damages contribute to a degenerative irreversible cardiac toxicity. Saikosaponin D (SSD), which is a triterpenoid saponin with many biological activities including anti-inflammatory effects and antioxidant properties, provides protection against pathologic cardiac remodeling and fibrosis. In the present study, we investigated the work of SSD for DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and the involved mechanisms. We observed that DOX injection induced cardiac injury and malfunction and decreased survival rate. Besides, DOX treatment increased lactate dehydrogenase leakage, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and myocardium fibrosis and decreased the size of cardiomyocytes. Meanwhile, all the effects were notably attenuated by SSD treatment. In vitro, we found that 1 μM SSD could enhance the proliferation of H9c2 cells and inhibit DOX-induced apoptosis. It was found that the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species were significantly reduced by improving the activities of the endogenous antioxidative enzymes including catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Furthermore, SSD treatment could downregulate the DOX-induced p38 phosphorylation. Our results suggested that SSD efficiently protected the cardiomyocytes from DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting the excessive oxidative stress via p38-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK) signaling pathway.

This supporting information includes five movies, providing theraw observation of hydrate slurry vertical upflow patterns in the flow loop. The five movies correspond to four flow patterns, of which two related videos (S2.1-S2.2)were uploaded to understand the characteristics of flow pattern 2 better. Movies S1(LL=0.5, WCF=0.06) is uploaded with file nameMovies S1(LL=0.5, WCF=0.06).mp4. Detailed information includes the raw observation of "rapid conversion slug flow" in low liquid loading conditions. Movies S2.1(LL=0.5, WCF=0.13) is uploaded with file nameMovies S2.1(LL=0.5, WCF=0.13).mp4. Detailed information includes the raw observation of "depositionslug flow" in low liquid loading conditions. Movies S2.2(LL=0.5, WCF=0.2) is uploaded with file nameMovies S2.2(LL=0.5, WCF=0.2).mp4. Detailed information includes the raw observation of "depositionslug flow" in low liquid loading conditions. Movies S3(LL=0.8, WCF=0.15) is uploaded with file nameMovies S3(LL=0.8, WCF=0.15).mp4. Detailed information includes the raw observation of "rapid conversion slug flow" in highliquid loading conditions. Movies S4(LL=0.8, WCF=0.25) is uploaded with file nameMovies S4(LL=0.8, WCF=0.25).mp4. Detailed information includes the raw observation of "depositionslug flow" in highliquid loading conditions.

As a practical microwave absorber, besides satisfying the basic broadband absorption performance, the density, cost, and process complexity are considerable factors in radar stealth and electromagnetic protection field as well. Here, a simple and economical structural absorber (SA) is proposed to remarkably broaden the absorption bandwidth of biochar from banana peel. By optimizing the size parameters of the unit cell, the optimal SA shows more than 90% absorption in the frequency range from 3.4 to 18 GHz by employing a lightweight porous carbon derived from sustainable biomass. The lightweight porous biochar endows SA low-density properties with surface density of only 0.574 g cm-2. In such SA, the greatly enhanced absorption performance is mainly originated from the synergistic effect of microscopic and macroscopic scales. By optimizing the pattern design of SA, the effective impedance is matched with free-space in a wide frequency, thus dissipating more electromagnetic waves through multiple resonances and edge scattering effects. Additionally, whether transverse electric or transverse magnetic polarizations, stable broadband absorption can be maintained in a wide incidence angle. Thus, this work provides a new prospect for waste utilization of banana peel and a facile low-cost route to greatly extend the microwave absorption bandwidth.

In order to use image recognition for the three-dimensional reconstruction of target objects faster and more conveniently, with the help of various machine vision technologies such as mathematical algorithms and machine learning algorithms, it aims to help engineers complete the three-dimensional reconstruction of cone-like aggregate piles. First, under the method based on a genetic algorithm, the proposed method can be used to identify the most common contour segments to deal with the contour recognition of aggregate piles and complete the work of region segmentation. The common fragment illustrates the particular logic contained in the outline. Then, this paper shows that the explicit representation of shape contour contributes to shaping representation and object recognition. Multiple two-dimensional virtual slices are used to divide the target object in the field of view of the binocular camera into multiple cross-sectional areas, so that an appropriate ellipse of the material pile contour curve similar to a cone is obtained to approximately express these cross-sectional areas. Finally, the three-dimensional reconstruction of the surface of the three-dimensional target object is completed by many two-dimensional elliptical slices. Experiments show that the method of three-dimensional reconstruction of images in a rapid and straightforward ability to prove its feasibility of the method.

ObjectivesThis study analyzed the clinical and imaging characteristics of patients with cancer-related cryptogenic stroke (CCS) involving the bilateral anterior and the posterior circulations (three circulations) and evaluate the diagnostic value of clinical and imaging features for patients with cryptogenic stroke involving three circulations (CST).MethodsOf the 12,580 patients with acute ischemic stroke, 148 patients with CST from May 2017 to November 2021 were divided into the cancer group (n = 81) and the non-cancer group (n = 67). Cardiovascular risk factors, diffusion-weighted imaging patterns of cryptogenic stroke, blood routine, coagulation routine, and biochemical routine were compared between the two groups. Multivariable logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to determine associations between the two groups.ResultsCompared with the non-cancer group, the cancer group exhibited higher D-dimer levels (P < 0.001), fibrin degradation product (FDP, P < 0.001), international normalized ratio (INR, P = 0.014), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR, P < 0.001), platelets to lymphocyte ratio (PLR, P = 0.001), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT, P = 0.039), more frequent multiple lesions in three circulations (P < 0.001) and lower lymphocytes (P < 0.001), red blood cells (P < 0.001), and thrombin time (TT, P = 0.034). Furthermore, D-dimer [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.915, P < 0.001)], FDP (AUC = 0.923, P < 0.001), INR (AUC = 0.617, P = 0.014), NLR (AUC = 0.700, P < 0.001), PLR (AUC = 0.658, P = 0.001), and multiple lesions in three circulations (AUC = 0.786, P < 0.001) had potential diagnostic value in cryptogenic stroke. When combining these 6 parameters, the predictive power was improved (AUC = 0.949, P < 0.001).ConclusionCryptogenic stroke involving three circulations with cancer has unique clinical features, and these potential diagnostic indicators could help patients identify CCS earlier.

It is known that, long-distance concrete pipeline transportation often causes pipe blocking accidents. For the problem of pipeline blockage, we have invented a swirl speed-increasing device. In this study, the discrete element method was used to calibrate the parameters of the contact model through the slump bucket experiment, and a discrete element model of horizontal pumping concrete was established. Based on the particle unit, the flow-promoting mechanism of the swirl speed-increasing device was studied, and the effects of the pumping speed, the volume fraction of coarse aggregate and the wind speed output of the device on the movement state of the particles and the flow-promoting distance were analyzed. The results show that the maximum velocity and flow-promoting distance of the particle unit increase with the increase of pumping speed and wind speed, and decrease with the increase of the coarse aggregate volume fraction. When the pumping speed and wind speed are large, the installation distance of the flow promoting device should be increased. When the volume fraction of concrete aggregate is large, the installation distance of the flow promoting device should be shortened. Our swirl speed-increasing device can solve the problem of pumping concrete pipeline blockage. The discrete element model of pumping concrete established in this study can well reflect the motion state of the concrete unit in the pipeline, which verifies the applicability of the discrete element model. The numerical simulation conclusion in this paper can avoid system energy waste and pipeline blockage caused by improper selection of device installation spacing.

Gut microbiota have important implications for health by affecting the metabolism of diet and drugs. However, the specific microbial mediators and their mechanisms in modulating specific key intermediate metabolites from fungal origins still remain largely unclear. Toluquinol, as a key versatile precursor metabolite, is commonly distributed in many fungi, including Penicillium species and their strains for food production. The common 17 gut microbes were cultivated and fed with and without toluquinol. Metabolic analysis revealed that four strains, including the predominant Enterococcus species, could metabolize toluquinol and produce different metabolites. Chemical investigation on large-scale cultures led to isolation of four targeted metabolites and their structures were characterized with NMR, MS, and X-ray diffraction analysis, as four toluquinol derivatives (1–4) through O1/O4-acetyl and C5/C6-methylsulfonyl substitutions, respectively. The four metabolites were first synthesized in living organisms. Further experiments suggested that the rare methylsulfonyl groups in 3–4 were donated from solvent DMSO through Fenton’s reaction. Metabolite 1 displayed the strongest inhibitory effect on cancer cells A549, A2780, and G401 with IC50 values at 0.224, 0.204, and 0.597 μM, respectively, while metabolite 3 displayed no effect. Our results suggest that the dominant Enterococcus species could modulate potential precursors of fungal origin and change their biological activity.

BackgroundAxial disturbances are the most disabling symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Kinect-based objective measures could extract motion characteristics with high reliability and validity.PurposeThe present research aimed to quantify the therapy–response of axial motor symptoms to daily medication regimen and to explore the correlates of the improvement rate (IR) of axial motor symptoms based on a Kinect camera.Materials and methodsWe enrolled 44 patients with PD and 21 healthy controls. All 65 participants performed the Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III and the Kinect-based kinematic evaluation to assess arising from a chair, gait, posture, and postural stability before and after medication. Spearman’s correlation analysis and multiple linear regression model were performed to explore the relationships between motor feature IR and clinical data.ResultsAll the features arising from a chair (P = 0.001), stride length (P = 0.001), velocity (P < 0.001), the height of foot lift (P < 0.001), and turning time (P = 0.001) improved significantly after a daily drug regimen in patients with PD. In addition, the anterior trunk flexion (lumbar level) exhibited significant improvement (P = 0.004). The IR of the axial motor symptoms score was significantly correlated with the IRs of kinematic features for gait velocity, stride length, foot lift height, and sitting speed (rs = 0.345, P = 0.022; rs = 0.382, P = 0.010; rs = 0.314, P = 0.038; rs = 0.518, P < 0.001, respectively). A multivariable regression analysis showed that the improvement in axial motor symptoms was associated with the IR of gait velocity only (β = 0.593, 95% CI = 0.023–1.164, P = 0.042).ConclusionAxial symptoms were not completely drug-resistant, and some kinematic features can be improved after the daily medication regimen of patients with PD.

Postural abnormalities are common disabling motor complications affecting patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). We proposed a summary index for postural abnormalities (IPA) based on Kinect depth camera and explored the clinical value of this indicator. Seventy individuals with PD and thirty age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. All participants were tested using a Kinect-based system with IPA automatically obtained by algorithms. Significant correlations were detected between IPA and the Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) total score (rs = 0.369, p = 0.002), MDS-UPDRS-III total score (rs = 0.431, p rs = 0.573, p rs = 0.311, p = 0.010), the 39-item Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) (rs = 0.272, p = 0.0027) and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) score (rs = −0.350, p = 0.006). The optimal cut-off value of IPA for distinguishing PD from HCs was 12.96 with a sensitivity of 97.14%, specificity of 100.00%, area under the curve (AUC) of 0.999 (0.997–1.002, p p p p

Background and Purpose. Patients with early-stage Parkinson’s disease (PD) have gait impairments, and gait parameters may act as diagnostic biomarkers. We aimed to (1) comprehensively quantify gait impairments in early-stage PD and (2) evaluate the diagnostic value of gait parameters for early-stage PD. Methods. 32 patients with early-stage PD and 30 healthy control subjects (HC) were enrolled. All participants completed the instrumented stand and walk test, and gait data was collected using wearable sensors. Results. We observed increased variability of stride length (SL) ( P < 0.001 ), stance phase time (StPT) ( P = 0.004 ), and swing phase time (SwPT) ( P = 0.011 ) in PD. There were decreased heel strike (HS) ( P = 0.001 ), range of motion of knee ( P = 0.036 ), and hip joints ( P < 0.001 ) in PD. In symmetry analysis, no difference was found in any of the assessed gait parameters between HC and PD. Only total steps ( AUC = 0.763 , P < 0.001 ), SL ( AUC = 0.701 , P = 0.007 ), SL variability ( AUC = 0.769 , P < 0.001 ), StPT variability ( AUC = 0.712 , P = 0.004 ), and SwPT variability ( AUC = 0.688 , P = 0.011 ) had potential diagnostic value. When these five gait parameters were combined, the predictive power was found to increase, with the highest AUC of 0.802 ( P < 0.001 ). Conclusions. Patients with early-stage PD presented increased variability but still symmetrical gait pattern. Some specific gait parameters can be applied to diagnose early-stage PD which may increase diagnosis accuracy. Our findings are helpful to improve patient’s quality of life.

The heat transfer performance of showerhead film cooling on the vane leading edge was numerically investigated considering representative lean burn combustor swirling outflow. Three cases with different inflow conditions (uniform inflow, positive swirling inflow, and negative swirling inflow) and three cases with different film injection angles (45°, 90°, and 135°) were studied. As the first study to explore the showerhead film design principle under swirling inflow, a newly designed asymmetrical counter-inclined (45° and 135°) film cooling was also proposed. To examine the design principles, the cooling effectiveness, heat transfer augmentation, and heat flux reduction of the newly designed asymmetrical case were evaluated compared with the traditional symmetrical case. The results show that the swirling inflow introduces obvious radial pressure gradient on the vane. The radial pressure gradient is the key influence factor to deflect the coolant migration, decrease the cooling effect, and degrade the homogeneity. The film with opposite orientation to the radial pressure gradient can weaken the deflect effect. The radial pressure gradient direction differs in different regions, making it impossible for the film with congruent injection orientation to simultaneously resist the pressure gradient on the entire vane. For the new design, the boundary line of the counter-inclined holes is consistent with the twisted stagnation line to guarantee that the injection orientation of all the film holes is opposite to the radial pressure gradient. As expected, the new design can effectively weaken the deflection effect and show uniform film distribution. The higher coolant mass ratio provides more obvious enhancement effect. At coolant mass ratio 3.71% and 4.56%, the overall area-averaged heat flux reduction (Δ q) is increased by 0.311 and 0.576, and the overall area-averaged relative standard deviation is reduced by 12.17 and 11.66 compared with the traditional design. The results have confirmed the adaptability of the film design principle under swirling inflow.

Objective. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a common symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD), and patients with PD-RBD tend to have an increased risk of cognitive decline and have the tendency to be akinetic/rigidity predominant. At the same time, the mechanisms of RBD in patients with PD remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to detect the structural and functional differences in patients with PD-RBD and PD without RBD (PD-nRBD). Methods. Twenty-four polysomnography-confirmed patients with PD-RBD, 26 patients with PD-nRBD, and 26 healthy controls were enrolled. Structural and functional patterns were analyzed based on voxel-based morphometry and seed-based functional connectivity (FC). Correlations between altered gray matter volume (GMV)/FC values and cognitive scores and motor impairment scores in PD subgroups were assessed. Results. Compared with patients with PD-nRBD, patients with PD-RBD showed relatively high GMV in the cerebellar vermis IV/V and low GMV in the right superior occipital gyrus (SOG). For the FC, patients with PD-RBD displayed lower FC between the right SOG and the posterior regions (left fusiform gyrus, left calcarine sulcus, and left superior parietal gyrus) compared with the patients with PD-nRBD. The GMV values in the right SOG were negatively correlated with the Unified PD Rating Scale-III scores in patients with PD-RBD but positively correlated with delayed memory scores. The GMV values in the cerebellar vermis IV/V were positively correlated with the tonic chin EMG density scores. There were positive correlations between the FC values in the right SOG-left superior parietal gyrus and MoCA and visuospatial skills/executive function scores and in the right SOG-left calcarine sulcus and delayed memory scores. Conclusion. Higher GMV in the cerebellum may be linked with the abnormal motor behaviors during REM sleep in patients with PD-RBD, and lower GMV and FC in the posterior regions may indicate that PD-RBD correspond to more serious neurodegeneration, especially the visuospatial–executive function impairment and delayed memory impairment. These findings provided new insights to learn more about the complicated characteristics in patients with PD-RBD.

The influence of inaccurate knowledge still exists in the Semantic Web. The problem of knowledge inaccuracy in Knowledge Bases (KBs) is one of the largest obstacles that limit the development of Linked Open Data (LOD) and Knowledge Graphs (KGs). To solve the semantic ambiguity and improper classification of knowledge triples in the process of constructing Chinese online encyclopedia KBs, first, a new TF-AICL algorithm is proposed to calculate the concentration level of predicates in each top-category. Second, the predicate which can best represent the features of a top-category is selected, and the related predicate candidate set is extracted. Third, based on the positive and negative examples counting strategy, the predicate candidate set is used as the comparison group to filter each entity. Finally, based on the TF-AICL algorithm, this paper proposes a new iterative filtering method called IFTA. IFTA adopts a new predicate feature extraction method, TF-AICL, which considers the hierarchical features of the predicate. In addition, IFTA can automatically prune, filter and refine large-scale online encyclopedia knowledge in an iterative way. The precision, recall and F-measure results on the BaiduBaike and Hudong datasets indicate that the refining effects on open-domain Chinese encyclopedia KBs by the IFTA method outperform the state-of-the-art methods.

The simplest α,β-unsaturated sulfinyl radical CH2[double bond, length as m-dash]C(H)SO˙ has been generated in the gas phase by high-vacuum flash pyrolysis (HVFP) of sulfoxide CH2[double bond, length as m-dash]C(H)S(O)CF3 at ca. 800 °C. Two planar cis and trans conformers of CH2[double bond, length as m-dash]C(H)SO˙ were isolated in cryogenic matrixes (N2, Ne, and Ar) and characterized with IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. In addition to the photo-induced cis ⇋ trans conformational interconversion, CH2[double bond, length as m-dash]C(H)SO˙ displays complex photochemistry. Upon irradiation with a purple light LED (400 nm), CH2[double bond, length as m-dash]C(H)SO˙ isomerizes to novel radicals CH3SCO˙, ˙CH2SC(O)H, and ˙CH2C(O)SH with concomitant dissociation to a caged molecular complex CH3S˙CO. Subsequent UV-laser (266 nm) irradiation causes fragmentation to ˙CH3/OCS and additional formation of an elusive carbonyl radical CH3C(O)S˙, which rearranges to ˙CH2C(O)SH upon further UV-light irradiation (365 nm). The vibrational data and bonding analysis of the two conformers of CH2[double bond, length as m-dash]C(H)SO˙ suggest that both are floppy radicals in which the unpaired electron conjugates with the vicinal π(C[double bond, length as m-dash]C) bond, leading to significant contribution of the canonical resonance form of ˙CH2-C(H)SO. The mechanism for the isomerization of CH2[double bond, length as m-dash]C(H)SO˙ is discussed based on the observed intermediates along with a computed potential energy profile at the CCSD(T)-F12a/aug-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level of theory.

Objective To quantify bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease (PD) with a Kinect depth camera-based motion analysis system and to compare PD and healthy control (HC) subjects. Methods Fifty PD patients and twenty-five HCs were recruited. The Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III (MDS-UPDRS III) was used to evaluate the motor symptoms of PD. Kinematic features of five bradykinesia-related motor tasks were collected using Kinect depth camera. Then, kinematic features were correlated with the clinical scales and compared between groups. Results Significant correlations were found between kinematic features and clinical scales ( P Conclusion The Kinect-based motion analysis system can be applied to evaluate bradykinesia in PD. Kinematic features can be used to differentiate PD patients from HCs and combining kinematic features from different motor tasks can significantly improve the diagnostic value.

Purpose Gait impairment is a common clinical symptom of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Detecting specific gait parameters’ changes in order to guide clinical intervention is at present lacking. The present study aimed to (1) quantify gait impairments in different PD subtypes and (2) explore whether the results of quantitative gait analysis are beneficial to clinical treatment. Patients and Methods We enrolled 86 patients with PD (48 men, and 38 women) from the Department of Geriatrics of the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Hoehn-Yahr Scale were used to evaluate the motor symptoms of PD. All patients stopped anti-Parkinsonian medication for 24 hours (72 hours for controlled release medicine). The patients were divided into two subtypes, namely, postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD; n=56) and tremor dominant (TD; n=30) subtypes according to UPDRS. All patients completed the instrumented stand and walk test, and a set of JiBuEn gait analysis system was used in gait data collection. Results We observed a shorter stride length (p=0.021), a longer stride time (p=0.036), a faster cadence (p=0.036), and a more variable stride length (p=0.012) in the PIGD group compared with the TD group. In addition, compared with the TD group, we found that the toe-off angle (p=0.005) and the range of motion of ankle joint (p=0.009) decreased in the PIGD group. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that the gait performance of patients with PIGD is worse than those with TD from the perspective of quantitative gait analysis. We extended previous research and found the PIGD group exhibited severe gait impairments in some specific spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters. The different manifestations of these gait impairments may guide in choosing appropriate treatment of patients with different PD subtypes.

The atmospheric oxidation of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) yields sulfuric acid and methane sulfonic acid (MSA), which are key precursors to new particles formed via homogeneous nucleation and further cluster growth in air masses. Comprehensive experimental and theoretical studies have suggested that the oxidation of DMS involves the formation of the methylthio radical (CH3S•), followed by its O2-oxidation reaction via the intermediacy of free radicals CH3SOx• (x = 1–4). Therefore, capturing these transient radicals and disclosing their reactivity are of vital importance in understanding the complex mechanism. Here, we report an optimized method for efficient gas-phase generation of CH3S• through flash pyrolysis of S-nitrosothiol CH3SNO, enabling us to study the O2-oxidation of CH3S• by combining matrix-isolation spectroscopy (IR and UV–vis) with quantum chemical computations at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV(X + d)Z (X = D and T) level of theory. As the key intermediate for the initial oxidation of CH3S•, the peroxyl radical CH3SOO• forms by reacting with O2. Upon irradiation at 830 nm, CH3SOO• undergoes isomerization to the sulfonyl radical CH3SO2• in cryogenic matrixes (Ar, Ne, and N2), and the latter can further combine with O2 to yield another peroxyl radical CH3S(O)2OO• upon further irradiation at 440 nm. Subsequent UV-light irradiation (266 nm) causes dissociation of CH3S(O)2OO• to CH3SO2•, CH2O, SO2, and SO3. The IR spectroscopic identification of the two peroxyl radicals CH3SOO• and CH3S(O)2OO• is also supported by 18O- and 13C-isotope labeling experiments.

Lung carcinoma is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Chemotherapy remains the cornerstone of lung cancer treatment. Unfortunately, most types of cancer will develop resistance to chemotherapies over the time. One of the efforts to prevent the chemotherapy resistance is to find alternative chemotherapy drugs. Mogrol has been found to have antitumor activity. However, little is known about the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the suppression of mogrol on lung cancers. In this study, we observed that mogrol exposure significantly reduced the tumor volume and weight in tumor-bearing nude mice without obvious effect on body weight and cardiac function. Mogrol also significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells, including non-small-cell lung carcinoma cells, A549, H1299, H1975 and SK-MES-1 cells, with no obvious effect on control human bronchial epithelial cells (HBE). Further studies revealed that mogrol stirred excessive autophagy and autophagic flux, and finally, autophagic cell death, in lung cancer cells, which could be attenuated by autophagy inhibitors, 3-MA and chloroquine. Furthermore, mogrol significantly activated AMPK to induce autophagy and autophagic cell death, which could be abrogated by Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor. In addition, mogrol induced a significant increase in p53 activity in lung cancer cells, accompanied with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, which could be weakened by p53 silence. Our results indicated that mogrol effectively suppressed lung cancer cells in vivo and in vitro by inducing the excessive autophagy and autophagic cell death via activating AMPK signaling pathway, as well as cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via activating p53 pathway.

An asphalt pavement with gravel base (AP-GB) is used to alleviate the occurrence of reflective cracks. However, its interlaminar stability is affected by the gravel base’s looseness and int...

In this paper, two-dimensional Ti3C2Tx-MXenes with abundant defects and functional groups as well as appropriate conductivity were successfully synthesized by acid treatment at room temperature. Th...

Flexible metamaterial absorber manufactured with a layer-by-layer screen-overprinting methodology has been theoretically and experimentally studied in this letter. The effective absorption of the absorber is in the X -band (8.3–10.9 GHz) and its working principle has been verified and analyzed. Benefiting from the elimination of the parasitic effect brought by package-free and direct-contacted planar resistors, high agreement between simulations and measurements has been achieved. The working frequency band can be easily tuned by replacing different supporting and covering layers to fit various purposes. Mechanical flexibility of the absorber enables its conformal coverage to aiming objects for radar cross-section reduction, and is experimentally confirmed on metallic cylinders with different diameters. It has been clearly demonstrated that the high-efficiency and cost-effective automatic screen-overprinting method matches perfectly for large-size flexible absorbers and their industrial applications.

Metaphosphorous acid (HOPO), a key intermediate in phosphorus chemistry, has been generated in syn- and anti-conformations in the gas phase by high-vacuum flash pyrolysis (HVFP) of a molecular precursor ethoxyphosphinidene oxide (EtOPO→C2 H4 +HOPO) at ca. 1000 K and subsequently trapped in an N2 -matrix at 2.8 K. Unlike the two conformers of the nitrogen analogue HONO, the anti-conformer of HOPO undergoes spontaneous rotamerization at 2.8 K via hydrogen-atom tunneling (HAT) with noticeable kinetic isotope effects for H/D (>104 for DOPO) and 16 O/18 O (1.19 for H18 OPO and 1.06 for HOP18 O) in N2 -matrices.

Background In male pre-pubertal cancer patients, radiation and chemotherapy impact future fertility by eradication of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). In macaques, spermatogenesis could be regenerated by intratesticular transplantation of SSCs, but only a small percentage of spermatozoa produced were of donor origin. Transient hormone suppression with a GnRH antagonist (GnRH-ant) enhanced spermatogenic recovery from transplanted SSCs. Objectives To evaluate donor-derived and endogenous spermatogenic recovery after SSC transplantation into irradiated monkeys and to test whether hormone suppression around the time of transplantation facilitates spermatogenic recovery. Materials and methods Testes of 15 adult rhesus monkeys were irradiated with 7 Gy and 4 months later transplanted, to one of the testes, with cryopreserved testicular cells containing SSCs from unrelated monkeys. Monkeys were either treated with GnRH-ant for 8 weeks before transplantation, GnRH-ant from 4 weeks before to 4 weeks after transplantation, or with no GnRH-ant. Tissues were harvested 10 months after transplantation. Results Two of the 15 monkeys, a control and a pre-transplantation GnRH-ant-treated, showed substantially higher levels of testicular spermatogenesis and epididymal sperm output in the transplanted side as compared to the untransplanted. Over 84% of epididymal spermatozoa on the transplanted side had the donor genotype and were capable of fertilizing eggs after intracytoplasmic sperm injection forming morulae of the donor paternal origin. Low levels of donor spermatozoa (~1%) were also identified in the epididymis of three additional monkeys. Transplantation also appeared to enhance endogenous spermatogenesis. Discussion and conclusion We confirmed that SSC transplantation can be used for restoration of fertility in male cancer survivors exposed to irradiation as a therapeutic agent. The success rate of this procedure, however, is low. The success of filling the tubules with the cell suspension, but not the GnRH-ant treatment, was related to the level of colonization by transplanted cells.

Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO)/polyaniline (PANI) composite aerogels (GPA) with uniformly distributed PANI nanosheets were prepared by a facile self-assembly way. The fabricated hybrids present a cro...

Two new heteroarylnitrenes, 3-nitrene-2-formylthiophene (15/15') and 3-nitrene-2-formylfuran (16/16'), in the triplet ground state have been generated in solid Ar (10.0 K) and N2 (15.0 K) matrices by the 266 nm laser photolysis of 3-azido-2-formylthiophene (13) and 3-azido-2-formylfuran (14), respectively. According to the characterization with matrix-isolation IR spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level, both nitrenes exhibit two conformations depending on the orientation of the formyl groups. Upon subsequent green-light irradiation (532 nm), both the nitrenes 15/15' and 16/16' undergo ring closure to form 3,2-thienoisoxazole (17) and 3,2-furoisoxazole (18), respectively. Traces of 3-imino-4,5-dihydrothiophene-2-ketene (19), formally formed through the intramolecular 1,4-H shift in the corresponding nitrenes 15/15', have been also identified among the laser photolysis products of the azide 13. In sharp contrast to the photochemistry, the high-vacuum flash pyrolysis (HVFP) of the azide 13 at ca. 1000 K mainly yields imino ketene in two conformations 19/19' together with traces of isoxazole 17. In addition to the reversible conformational interconversion in the imino ketene 19 ↔ 19', the photoisomerization from isoxazole 17 to imino ketene 19 has also been observed. The HVFP of the azide 14 at ca. 1000 K results in complete dissociation to HCN, C2H2, CO, CO2, H2O, and N2. Unlike the recently disclosed hydrogen-atom tunneling (HAT) in the transformation from the structurally related 2-formyl phenylnitrene (2) to imino ketene 3 in a cryogenic Ar-matrix, the absence of HAT in nitrenes 15 and 16 can be reasonably explained by the higher barrier heights and also larger barrier widths in the isomerization reactions.