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Acacia modesta (AM) and Opuntia monocantha (OM) are distributed in Pakistan, Afghanistan and India. Both of these plants have different pharmacological properties. This study was designed to evaluate anticancer potential of Acacia modesta (AM) and Opuntia monocantha (OM). Liver cancer cell line HepG2 was used for assessment of anticancer activity. For the evaluation of anti-proliferative effects, cell viability and cell death in all groups of cells were evaluated via MTT, crystal violet and trypan blue assays. For the evaluation of apoptosis ELISA of p53 performed. Furthermore, LDH assay to find out the ability of malignant cells to metabolize pyruvate to lactate and antioxidant enzymes activity (GSH, CAT and SOD) at the end HPLC was performed to find active compound of AM and OM. Cytotoxicity (MTT), Viability assays (trypan blue, crystal viability, MUSE analysis) showed more dead, less live cells in plant treated groups with increase of concentration. Scratch assay for the anti-migratory effect of these plants showed treated groups have not ability to heal scratch/wound. ELISA of p53 for cellular apoptosis showed more release of p53 in treated groups. Antioxidant assay via glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) showed less anti-oxidative potential in treated cancer groups. LDH assay showed more lactate dehydrogenase release in treated groups compared with untreated. HPLC analysis showed the presence of phytochemicals such as steroids, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, anthraquinone and amino acids in AM and OM plant extracts. Based on all these findings, it can be concluded that ethanolic extracts of Acacia modesta and Opuntia monocantha have promising anti-cancer potential. Resumo Acacia modesta (AM) e Opuntia monocantha (OM) estão distribuídas no Paquistão, Afeganistão e Índia. Ambas as plantas têm propriedades farmacológicas diferentes. Este estudo foi desenhado para avaliar o potencial anticancerígeno de Acacia modesta (AM) e Opuntia monocantha (OM). A linha celular de câncer de fígado HepG2 foi usada para avaliação da atividade anticâncer. Para a avaliação dos efeitos antiproliferativos, a viabilidade celular e a morte celular em todos os grupos de células foram avaliadas através dos ensaios de MTT, cristal violeta e azul de tripano. Para a avaliação da apoptose foi realizado ELISA de p53. Além disso, o ensaio de LDH para descobrir a capacidade das células malignas de metabolizar o piruvato em lactato e a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes (GSH, CAT e SOD) no final da HPLC foi realizado para encontrar o composto ativo de AM e OM. Citotoxicidade (MTT), ensaios de viabilidade (azul de tripano, viabilidade de cristal, análise MUSE) mostraram mais células mortas e menos células vivas nos grupos tratados com plantas com aumento da concentração. O ensaio de arranhão para o efeito anti-migratório dessas plantas mostrou que os grupos tratados não têm capacidade de cicatrizar arranhão/ferida. ELISA de p53 para apoptose celular mostrou maior liberação de p53 nos grupos tratados. Ensaio antioxidante via glutationa (GSH), superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) mostrou menor potencial antioxidante nos grupos de câncer tratados. O ensaio de LDH mostrou mais liberação de lactato desidrogenase nos grupos tratados em comparação com os não tratados. A análise de HPLC mostrou a presença de fitoquímicos como esteróides, alcalóides, fenóis, flavonóides, saponinas, taninos, antraquinona e aminoácidos nos extratos vegetais AM e OM. Com base em todos esses achados, pode-se concluir que os extratos etanólicos de Acacia modesta e Opuntia monocantha apresentam potencial anticancerígeno promissor.

Purpose: To examine the potential modulatory mechanisms of NORAD in hepatoma in vitro. Methods: In this study, four human hepatoma cell lines (Bel7404, PLC5, HepG2, and HuH7), as well as a human immortalized Normal MIHA cell line were employed. Transfection was performed to up-or down-regulate NORAD and miR-202-5p expression in cells. RT-qPCR was used to measure expressions of NORAD, miR-202-5p, and biomarkers for cell cycle and apoptosis in HCC cell lines. CCK-8, Flow Cytometry for apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and Western blot experiments were performed to determine cellular viability, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and related protein expressions. Bioinformatics tool was used to find possible binding sites on NORAD and miR-202-5p, which were further validated by dual-luciferase reporter gene assays. Results: NORAD adversely modulated miR-202-5p in hepatoma cells and mediated cell viability, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through regulatingmiR-202-5p. Functional experiments revealed that downregulation of NORAD or upregulation of miR-202-5p suppressed cell viability and inhibited apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Silenced NORAD regulated the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway via enhancing miR-202-5p expression in HCC cell lines. Conclusion: NORAD interaction with miR-202-5p mediated the EGFR/PI3K/AKT network.

Hypothesis: Lipophilic cannabidiol can be solubilized in oil-in water nanoemulsions, which can then be impregnated into chitosan hydrogels forming another colloidal system that will facilitate cannabidiol's release. The delivery from both systems was compared, alongside structural and biological studies, to clarify the effect of the two carriers' structure on the release and toxicity of the systems. Experiments: Oil-in-water nanoemulsions (NEs) and the respective nanoemulsion-filled chitosan hydrogels (NE/HGs) were formulated as carriers of cannabidiol (CBD). Size, polydispersity and stability of the NEs were evaluated and then membrane dynamics, shape and structure of both systems were investigated with EPR spin probing, SAXS and microscopy. Biocompatibility of the colloidal delivery systems was evaluated through cytotoxicity tests over normal human skin fibroblasts. An ex vivo permeation protocol using porcine ear skin was implemented to assess the release of CBD and its penetration through the skin. Findings: Incorporation of the NEs in chitosan hydrogels does not significantly affect their structural properties as evidenced through SAXS, EPR and confocal microscopy. These findings indicate the successful development of a novel nanocarrier that preserves the NE structure with the CBD remaining encapsulated in the oil core while providing new rheological properties advantageous over NEs. Moreover, NE/HGs proved to be more efficient as a carrier for the release of CBD. Cell viability assessment revealed high biocompatibility of the proposed colloids.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa,a major cause of nosocomial infections, has the ability to produce number of factors responsible for its virulence as well as biofilm formation which are regulated by Las and Rhl QS system. The autoinducer OdDHL of las system, play crucial role in pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa. It is involved in induction of factors responsible for the virulence of the organism as well as modulate the host immune responses. In the present study, the effect of KLH OdDHL and BSA OdDHL protein conjugate on various cells in terms of cytotoxicity and phagocytosis was assessed. Concentration of 1µM showed maximum viability of macrophages. Macrophages also showed accelerated phagocytosis, as observed by neutral red assay, which was attributed to the immune-modulatory stimulation provided by the OdDHL conjugate. Other cells like Uroepithelial cells and lymphocytes also showed no significant decrease in cell viability in presence of lower concentrations of conjugated OdDHL. Our Data suggested that interaction of OdDHL conjugated to any of the carrier protein KLH / BSA, with various cells not only improved cell viability but also improved the phagocytic ability of macrophages.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. ssp. minus methanol extract derived from aerial parts on cancer cell lines.Material and Method: For cytotoxicity assays, two different human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and healthy human fibroblast cell line (MRC-5)as a control were used. Cell viability determination was performed using the CellTiter-Blue method. One-Way ANOVA and Tukey post test were used for statistical analysis.Result and Discussion: Cell viability has been detected between ratios of 27.8-38.7% for MCF-7 cancer cell line, and a significant cytotoxic activity was observed via the analysis (1 mg/mL extract treatment p< 0.022). However, 47.8-59.7% cell viability was observed for MDA-MB-231 cancer cell line, and MRC-5 healthy fibroblast cell line did not demonstrate any cell viability (92.4-105.4% cell viability). Depending on these data, MCF-7 cancer cell line and MRC-5 fibroblast healthy cell line were treated with Arcitum minus extract, then cell viability was detected by flow cytometry technique. The ratio of the cell death was higher in MCF-7 cancer cell line (98%) compared with the MRC-5 fibroblast healthy cell line (25%) after the Arctium minus extract treatment. In conclusion, Arctium minus ssp. minus extract has significantly decreased the cell viability in MCF-7 cancer cell line when compared with the MCR-5 fibroblast normal cell line., Amaç: Bu çalışmada Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. ssp. minus’un toprak üstü kısımlarından elde edilen metanol ekstresinin kanser hücre hatları üzerindeki sitotoksik etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. ssp. minus’un metanol ekstresinin, iki farklı insan meme kanseri hücre hattına (MCF-7 ve MDA-MB-231) ve kontrol olarak normal insan fibroblast hücre hattına (MRC-5) uygulanması ile in vitro sitotoksik etkileri araştırılmıştır. Hücre canlılık tayini CellTiter-Blue metodu kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. İstatistiksel analiz için One-Way ANOVA ve Tukey post-hoc testi kullanılmıştır.Sonuç ve Tartışma: Analizlerde, MCF-7 kanser hücrelerinde hücre canlılığı %27,8 -38,7 oranında belirlenmiş olup önemli derecede sitotoksik aktivite tespit edilmiştir (1 mg/mL ekstre uygulaması için p

Purpose: To assess the therapeutic effects of chrysoeriol (CHE) on pediatric pneumonia and determine the mechanism of action. Methods: The role of chrysoeriol was investigated in a human lung fibroblasts (HFL1) cell model of pneumonia. The effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and CHE on cell viability and apoptosis were determined by CCK-8 kit and flow cytometry, respectively, while oxidative stress was determined by evaluating the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione, r-glutamyl cysteine +glycine (GSH)- px, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Inflammatory response was assessed by determining IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-18 and IL-10 levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mechanisms of action of CHE were evaluated by immunoblot assays. Results: Chrysoeriol increased the viability of LPS-induced pneumonia cells (p < 0.001) but decreased cell apoptosis (p < 0.001). Furthermore, chrysoeriol reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in LPSinduced pneumonia cells, and suppressed the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Conclusion: Chrysoeriol alleviates inflammation of infantile pneumonia by inhibiting PI3K/ AKT /mTOR signaling pathway. Thus, CHE is a potential drug for the management of pneumonia. Keywords: Chrysoeriol; Pneumonia; Cell viability; Oxidative stress; PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway

Combination of therapies is a common strategy in cancer treatment. Such combined therapies only have merit provided that there is superior therapeutic outcome with fewer side effects, compared to single therapies. Here, this work explores the possibility to combine chemotherapy with radionuclide therapy using polymeric micelles as a delivery vehicle. For this purpose, this work prepares poly(ε-caprolactone-b-ethylene oxide) (PCL-PEO) micelles and load them simultaneously with paclitaxel (PTX) and 177Lu(III). This work chooses a 3D tumor spheroid composed of glioblastoma cells (U87) to evaluate the combined treatment. The diffusion of the micelles in the spheroid is investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM). The results show that the micelles are able to penetrate deep into the spheroid within 24 h of incubation and mainly accumulated around or in the lysosomes once in the cell. Subsequently, this work evaluates the cell killing efficiency of the single treatments (PTX or 177Lu(III)) versus combined treatment (PTX + 177Lu(III)) by measuring the growth of the spheroids as well as by performing a cell-viability assay. The results indicate that the combined therapy achieves a superior therapeutic outcome with better cell growth inhibition and cell killing efficiency compared to the single treatments.

Rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of live pathogens remains a key priority for quality control and risk assessment. While conventional methods often require complicated workflows, costly reagents, lab equipment, and are time-consuming, rendering them inadequate for field testing and low-resource settings. Increased attention has been drawn to developing alternative low-cost and rapid methods to detect on-site live pathogens in different environmental matrices. Among them, microfluidic devices that integrate various laboratory functions in a miniaturized manner have proven to be a promising tool for the rapid and sensitive detection of pathogens. Herein, the development of microfluidic devices specifically designed for the detection of live pathogens is discussed along a concise summary of novel microfluidics systems recently developed, contrasted to conventional methods regarding assay time, the limit of detection, and target organisms. These include a variety of micro total analysis systems (µTAS) and microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) in combination with molecular methods and traditional live cell detection techniques, such as cell culture, DNA intercalating dyes, resazurin, and immobilized bioreceptors (e.g., aptamers and capture antibodies). Furthermore, insights on the future perspectives of microfluidics for live pathogen detection with a highlight on the rapid and low-cost method development for field testing are provided.

Platostoma palustrejelly is a traditional food.Platostoma palustrehas been used as folk medicine and is effective against heat-shock, hypertension and diabetes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of ethanolic extracts and commercial herbal tea ofPlatostoma palustrein inhibiting colorectal cancer cell viability. The ethanolic extracts ofPlatostoma palustreby using 90% ethanol for extraction. In this study, 2-fold serial dilution of 100 mg/mLPlatostoma palustreextracts were applied. On other hand, the same dilution fold was also performed for 100% commercial herbal tea withPlatostoma palustre. Additionally, CT-26 and HT-29 colorectal cancer cell lines were also used in this study. After co-culturing for 24 hours, the cell viability of CT-26 and HT-29 colorectal cancer cell lines were performed by using 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. According to these data, the 1.56-100 mg/mLPlatostoma palustreextracts possessed the significant inhibition effects of CT-26 colorectal cancer cell viability. The 3.13-100% commercial herbal tea withPlatostoma palustrepossessed the significant inhibition effects of CT-26 colorectal cancer cell viability. The 6.25-100 mg/mLPlatostoma palustreextracts possessed the significant inhibition effects of HT-29 colorectal cancer cell viability. The 25-100% commercial herbal tea withPlatostoma palustrepossessed the significant inhibition effects of HT-29 colorectal cancer cell viability. However, the 0.39-3.13 mg/mLPlatostoma palustreextracts possessed the significant promoting effects of HT-29 colorectal cancer cell viability. The 0.39-12.5% commercial herbal tea withPlatostoma palustrealso possessed the significant promoting effects of HT-29 colorectal cancer cell viability. Comparison of CT-26 and HT-29 cell lines was on the cell viability afterPlatostoma palustreethanolic extracts and commercial herbal tea treatments, CT-26 cell line was better sensitive than HT-29 cell line on the inhibition of cell viability after treatment ofPlatostoma palustreethanolic extracts and the commercial herbal tea. Taken these results together,Platostoma palustreethanolic extracts and commercial herbal tea may have a potential for inhibiting the growth of colorectal cancer cells.

Nanocomposites based on hydroxyapatite (HAP) are fabricated with/without combining titanium oxide (TiO2) and graphene oxide. Structure investigation was done for all compositions using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared in addition to X-ray photoelectron to study the chemical compositions of the obtained nanocomposites. The surface morphology investigation was done with the scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. In this regard, TiO2 nanoparticles were exhibited in spherical shapes, while HAP was detected as nanorods. The dimensions of HAP have been decreased from 53 and 18 to 27 and 10 nm for length and diameter, respectively. The crystallite sizes obtained from XRD data are around 15 and 33 nm for HAP and TiO2 respectively. Moreover, the diameter of TiO2 reached 80 nm. Further, the average roughness parameter (Ra) improved from 9.2 to 11.1 nm from HAP to TNC. Besides, the root mean square (Rq), maximum height of the roughness (Rt), and maximum roughness valley depth (Rv) increased to 14.7, 104, and 55.9 nm, respectively. Furthermore, cell viability enhanced from 96.3 ± 3 to 102.4 ± 3%. Besides, the antibacterial behavior improved to be 15.3 ± 1.3 and 14.2 ± 0.9 mm for TNC against E. coli and S. aureus respectively.

Context Stroke is an illness with high morbidity, disability and mortality that presents a major clinical challenge. Sanhua decoction (SHD) has been widely used to treat ischaemic stroke in the clinic. However, the potential mechanism of SHD remains unknown. Objective To elucidate the multitarget mechanism of SHD in ischaemic stroke through network pharmacology and bioinformatics analyses. Materials and methods Network pharmacology and experimental validation approach was used to investigate the bioactive ingredients, critical targets and potential mechanisms of SHD against ischaemic stroke. Four herbal names of SHD, ‘ischemic stroke’ or ‘stroke’ was used as a keyword to search the relevant databases. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with various concentrations of SHD (12.5, 25, 50 or 100 μg/mL) for 4 h, exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) for 1 h, then reoxygenation for 24 h. The cell viability was detected by MTT, the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was evaluated by ELISA, and protein expression was detected by western blots. Results SHD treatment increased the survival rate from 65.9 ± 4.3 to 85.56 ± 5.7%. The median effective dose (ED50) was 47.1 μg/mL, the LDH decreased from 288.0 ± 12.0 to 122.8 ± 9.1 U/L and the cell apoptosis rate decreased from 33.6 ± 1.8 to 16.3 ± 1.2%. Western blot analysis revealed that SHD increased the levels of p-PI3k, p-Akt and p-CREB1, and decreased the expression of TNF-α and IL-6. Discussion and conclusions This study suggests that SHD protects against cerebral ischaemic injury via regulation of the PI3K/Akt/CREB1 and TNF pathways.

Metal-organic molybdenum complexes were synthesized by the hydrothermal method using ammonium heptamolybdate as the metallic source, and as the organic ligand terephthalic acid (BDC) or bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET), obtained via glycolysis of poly(ethylene)terephthalate (PET). The BDC-Mo and BHET-Mo complexes were characterized by XRD, N2 physisorption, TGA, ATR-FTIR, SEM, XPS and their in vitro biocompatibility was tested by porcine fibroblasts viability. The results show that molybdates (MoO4-2) are coordinated to the carbonyl functional groups of BDC and BHET by urea bonding (-NH-CO-NH-) which is related to their high biocompatibility and high thermal stability. These organic molybdate complexes possess rectangular prism particles made up of rods arrays characteristics of molybdenum oxides (MoO3). The organic complexes BDC-Mo and BHET-Mo do not show to be cytotoxic for porcine dermal fibroblasts growing on their surface for up to 48 h of culture.

Antimicrobial fibers based on biodegradable polymers, poly(lactic acid) (PLA),and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) are prepared byelectrospinning. For this purpose, a biodegradable/bio-based polyitaconatecontaining azoles groups (PTTI) is incorporated at 10 wt.% into theelectrospinning formulations. The resulting fibers functionalized with azolemoieties are uniform and free of beads. Then, the accessible azole groups aresubjected toN-alkylation, treatment that provides cationic azolium groupswith antibacterial activity at the surface of fibers. The positive charge density,roughness, and wettability of the cationic fibers are evaluated and comparedwith flat films. It is confirmed that these parameters exert an important effecton the antimicrobial properties, as well as the length of the alkylating agentand the hydrophobicity of the matrix. The quaternized PLA/PTTI fibers exhibitthe highest efficiency against the tested bacteria, yielding a 4-Log reductionagainstS. aureusand 1.7-Log against MRSA. Then, biocompatibility andbioactivity of the fibers are evaluated in terms of adhesion, morphology andviability of fibroblasts. The results show no cytotoxic effect of the samples,however, a cytostatic effect is appreciated, which is ascribed to the strongelectrostatic interactions between the positive charge at the fiber surface andthe negative charge of the cell membranes, This work was funded by the MICINN (PID2019-104600RB-I00), the Agen-cia Estatal de Investigación (AEI, Spain) and Fondo Europeo de DesarrolloRegional (FEDER, EU) and by CSIC (LINKA20364). A.C. acknowledges MI-CIU for his FPU fellowship FPU18/01776. The negativ exponents were cor-rected on January 16, 2023

Introduction: In the view of 3D-bioprinting with cell models representative of neural cells, we produced inks to mimic the basic viscoelastic properties of brain tissue. Moving from the concept that rheology provides useful information to predict ink printability, this study improves and expands the potential of the previously published 3D-reactive printing approach by introducing pH as a key parameter to be controlled, together with printing time.Methods: The viscoelastic properties, printability, and microstructure of pectin gels crosslinked with CaCO3 were investigated and their composition was optimized (i.e., by including cell culture medium, HEPES buffer, and collagen). Different cell models representative of the major brain cell populations (i.e., neurons, astrocytes, microglial cells, and oligodendrocytes) were considered.Results and Discussion: The outcomes of this study propose a highly controllable method to optimize the printability of internally crosslinked polysaccharides, without the need for additives or post-printing treatments. By introducing pH as a further parameter to be controlled, it is possible to have multiple (pH-dependent) crosslinking kinetics, without varying hydrogel composition. In addition, the results indicate that not only cells survive and proliferate following 3D-bioprinting, but they can also interact and reorganize hydrogel microstructure. Taken together, the results suggest that pectin-based hydrogels could be successfully applied for neural cell culture.

Low-dose chemotherapy in advanced stages of cancer does not give a positive response in treatment. The use of high-dose antineoplastic drugs creates significant side effects. The limiting situation in treatment creates a need for new generation drugs with less side effects and new treatment methods that will enable low-dose drug use. Electroporation (EP), a phenomenon, is a technique in which the membrane permeability is increased by the establishment of hydrophilic pores in the cell membrane with short and high-voltage electrical pulses. In the present investigation study, we aimed to inspect the effects of EP plus bleomycin, cisplatin, and calcium administration (CaEP) on cell viability, apoptotic activity, gene expression p53, Bax/Bcl-2 rate mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and cell cycle in HeLa cervical cancer cell line. The permeabilization of the membrane was evaluated in flow cytometry with the PI method, and cell viability was measured in an ELISA reader with the WST-8 method. For bleomycin and cisplatin doses applied to HeLa cells, the concentration values (IC50) that inhibited 50% of the cells were found to be 214.11 ± 4.7 µM and 35.16 ± 3.3 µM, respectively. The IC50 values of the groups administered together with EP were calculated as 0.44 ± 0.3 µM for bleomycin and 20.55 ± 4.3 µM for cisplatin. There was no change in cell viability in calcium alone application, but a statistically notable reduction in cell vitality was observed in CaEP application. An increase in ΔΨm was found in bleomycin and CaEP exposure with EP. It was determined that EP exposure caused G0/G1 arrest in the cell cycle at all electric field intensities. It was determined that EP application in HeLa cells increased bleomycin cytotoxicity 487 times and cisplatin cytotoxicity 1.71 times, and CaEP could be an alternative treatment method. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Bioactive glasses (Bioglasses) are widely synthesized by the conventional sol-gel method consisting of two main steps for sol and gel formation. However, the conversion from sol to gel requires a long time (5–7 days). In this study, the hydrothermal system was used to quickly synthesize the bioactive glass by reducing the conversion time from sol to gel. The hydrothermal assisted conventional sol-gel method was applied for synthesis of the bioactive glass 70SiO2–30CaO (mol%) (noted as 70S30C). The synthetic glass was investigated by the physical-chemical techniques. The ‘‘in vitro’’ experiments in SBF (Simulated Body Fluid) solution was also performed to evaluate the bioactivity of synthetic material. The obtained results show that the bioactive glass 70S30C was successfully elaborated by using the hydrothermal assisted conventional sol-gelmethod. The consuming time was reduced compared to the conventional method. The physical-chemical characterization confirmed that the synthetic glass is amorphous material with mesoporous structure consisting of interconnected particles.The specific surface area, pore volume and average pore diameter of synthetic glass were 142.8 m2/g, 0.52 cm3/g, and 19.1 nm, respectively. Furthermore, synthetic bioactive glass exhibited interesting bioactivity when immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for 1 days and good biocompatibility when cultured in cellular media.

Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the urinary system. Our research aimed to explore the function and underlying mechanisms of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) PSMA3-AS1 in BC. RT-qPCR was utilized to detect the levels of PSMA3-AS1, miR-214-5p, and PD-L1. ChIP assay was employed to confirm the transcription factor of PSMA3-AS1. Luciferase reporter assay was carried out to demonstrate the relationships between miR-214-5p and PSMA3-AS1 or PD-L1. The diagnostic value of PSMA3-AS1 was evaluated by the ROC curve. CCK-8, wound healing, transwell, and flow cytometry assays were applied to analyze cell viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Western blotting was used to confirm the expression of cleaved caspase-3. The present study revealed that BC tissues and cells exhibited an increased expression in PSMA3-AS1. High expression of PSMA3-AS1 was related to poor prognosis in BC patients. Then, the area under the ROC curve for PSMA3-AS1 was up to 0.8954. Moreover, ChIP assay elaborated that YY1 could bind to the PSMA3-AS1 promoter region. Furthermore, it was found that that PSMA3-AS1 knockdown repressed BC cell viability and metastasis, and promoted apoptosis. In addition, miR-214-5p was inversely correlated with PSMA3-AS1 or PD-L1 levels. MiR-214-5p deletion reversed the impacts of PSMA3-AS1 deletion on BC progression, and PD-L1 inhibition also abrogated the influence of miR-214-5p deletion in BC development. In conclusion, YY1-induced PSMA3-AS1 exerted an oncogenic function in BC cells via targeting miR-214-5p and enhancing PD-L1, providing potential biomarkers for BC therapy.

Anti-cancer property of fungi derived β-glucan (Lentinula edodes) on several cancer cell lines have been reported. In this work, the SH-SY5Y cell lines were treated with various concentrations of β-glucan (62.5, 125, 250 and 500 μg/mL) and the viability of the cells was tested using the XTT assay after 24 hours. Cleaved PARP, BCL-2, 8-hydroxy-desoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG), cleaved caspase 3, Bax, total oxidant, and total antioxidant levels in the cells were measured by commercial kits. β-Glucan significantly decreased the cell viability in SH-SY5Y cells. ELISA tests demonstrated that β-glucan therapy dramatically increased 8-oxo-dG, cleaved caspase 3, Bax, cleaved PARP, total oxidant. However, β-glucan treatment did not change the BCL-2 protein level. Altogether, β-glucan caused significant cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells by inducing oxidative stress, increasing DNA damage, and ultimately increasing apoptosis.

Background and Aim: The peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) is an excellent cell source for in vitro studies, particularly those involving immunology. The aim of this study was to determine the quality and quantity of chicken PBMCs isolated from freshly drawn blood as well as blood that had been chilled for 24 h. In addition, the survival of PBMCs cultured in medium was investigated. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 12 Betong and 12 Leghorn chickens. Hemograms were analyzed. Density gradient centrifugation was used to isolate PBMCs. PBMCs (2×106 cells/mL) were cultured in a culture medium and incubated in a CO2 incubator for 5 consecutive days. The number of viable cells was determined using the trypan blue dye exclusion method. Results: Blood samples were obtained from healthy chickens. There was no statistically significant difference in the total amount of PBMC between fresh and refrigerated blood samples from both chicken breeds. The viability of PBMCs isolated from fresh blood (95%) was significantly greater than blood refrigerated for 24 h (90-92%) in both breeds. Furthermore, the viability of PBMCs isolated from both blood samples decreased significantly over time, from 90-95% to 60-65%. Conclusion: The total number of PBMC in fresh and refrigerated blood was not significantly different. Fresh blood-derived PBMCs had significantly higher viability than 24 h refrigerated blood PBMCs. Furthermore, the viability of PBMCs decreased significantly over time.

Panoramic X-ray is well known to cause DNA damage and induces cellular death. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of radiation exposure from panoramic radiography on human buccal mucosa cells by assessing the cell viability using the simple-trypan blue exclusion test. The genotoxicity effect was evaluated by assessing comet assay score. This research included a total of 20 healthy patients who had panoramic radiography for a routine dental examination. Buccal mucosa cells were collected from all participants before X-ray exposure and at 30 min or 24 h after exposure in Groups 1 and 2, respectively, and subjected to a comet assay and trypan blue exclusion test to assess cell viability and DNA damage. Cell viability was calculated as the ratio of live (translucent) to total counted cells. Comet assay output images were analysed using OpenComet software and a visual score by measuring the percentages of tail DNA and summing the visual score, respectively. A statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduce in cell viability was observed at 30 min after exposure, furthermore there is no more reduction after 24 h. Both comet assay measurements showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the percentage of tail DNA and visual score at 30 min after exposure, then tend to decrease after 24 h of exposure, although it was not significant (p > 0.05). The results showed that panoramic radiography interfered cell viability and induced DNA damage in buccal mucosa cells within 30 min after exposure, but these effects were ceased after 24 h.

Purpose: Nobiletin (NOB), a polymethoxyflavonoid, is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and has antitumor activity. However, its poor solubility and low bioavailability pose a significant challenge in its delivery. In this experiment, NOB was added to Soluplus® (Sol)/l-ascorbyl 2,6-dipalmitate (ASC-DP) as a ternary system, and Sol/ASC-DP/NOB nanoparticles were obtained using the hydration method. The purpose of this study was to enhance the solubility of NOB, apply it for skin permeation, and improve antitumor activity. Methods: The preparation of Sol/ASC-DP/NOB nanoparticles was attempted using the hydration method, and particle size, zeta potential, and stability tests were performed to evaluate the formation of nanoparticles. 1H-1H NOESY/ROESY NMR spectral measurements were also performed to identify molecular interaction between NOB and Sol/ASC-DP. To evaluate its functionality, DPPH radical scavenging, skin permeation, fluorescence microscopy, and cell viability analyses were performed. Results: The particles were approximately 100 nm in size in the ternary system (weight ratio (Sol/ASCDP/NOB=8/1/1)) and were relatively stable for approximately 7 days at 25 °C under light-shielded conditions. From the NMR spectrum measurements of Sol/ASCDP/NOB, a cross-peak was observed between the –OCH3 group: C6,8 (3.8 ppm) derived from NOB, the methyl group (2.0 ppm) derived from Sol, and the side chain portion (1.2 ppm) derived from ASC-DP. Cross-peaks were observed between the polyethylene glycol (PEG) backbone of Sol (3.6 ppm) and the side chain of ASC-DP (0.8–1.2 ppm). The formation of Sol/ASC-DP/NOB nanoparticles facilitated its skin permeation, and fluorescence microscopy confirmed improved permeation. The DPPH radical scavenging test revealed that Sol/ASC-DP/NOB had an IC50 of 46.7 μg/mL. Cell viability assays showed a 20–40% decrease in cell viability with the addition of Sol/ASC-DP/NOB at 0.1 mg/mL. Conclusion: Sol/ASC-DP/NOB nanoparticles were successfully prepared, and these were found to inhibit melanin formation and have antitumor activity., p.18 Article number: 17 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http:// creat iveco mmons. org/ licen ses/ by/4. 0/.

Zirconia ceramics have been widely used in dentistry. Herein, we assess the surface morphology, surface texture, and osteoblast response of additively manufactured zirconia and alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ) in comparison with titanium. The surface roughness, contact angle, and surface microstructure of titanium sandblasted with large-grit alumina and subsequently acid-etched using 18% HCl and 49% H2SO4 (SLA-titanium), uniaxially pressed zirconia (UP zirconia), additively manufactured zirconia (AM zirconia), and additively manufactured ATZ (AM ATZ) were investigated. Moreover, the cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and gene expression of type I collagen on these materials were evaluated. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. SLA-titanium showed the highest surface roughness and contact angle. The other three materials showed comparable surface roughness and contact angles. Micro- and nanoroughness were observed on the surface of SLA-titanium. UP zirconia and AM zirconia had similar surface morphologies. The cell viability, ALP activity, and gene expression of type I collagen on AM zirconia were comparable to or better than those on SLA-titanium. Our results indicate that AM zirconia is a promising material for zirconia dental implants.

Endothelialization of artificial scaffolds is considered an effective strategy for increasing the efficiency of vascular transplantation. This study aimed to compare the biophysical/biocompatible properties of three different biodegradable fibrous scaffolds: Poly (ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) alone, Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) alone (both processed using Spraybase® electrospinning machine), and Coaxial scaffold where the fiber core and sheath was made of PCL and PLGA, respectively. Scaffold structural morphology was assessed by scanning electron microscope and tensile testing was used to investigate the scaffold tension resistance over time. Biocompatibility studies were carried out with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human vascular fibroblasts (HVF) for which cell viability (and cell proliferation over a 4-day period) and cell adhesion to the scaffolds were assessed by cytotoxicity assays and confocal microscopy, respectively. Our results showed that all biodegradable polymeric scaffolds are a reliable host to adhere and promote proliferation in HUVEC and HVF cells. In particular, PLGA membranes performed much better adhesion and enhanced cell proliferation compared to control in the absence of polymers. In addition, we demonstrate here that these biodegradable membranes present improved mechanical properties to construct potential tissue-engineered vascular graft.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are currently being investigated for their therapeutic applications in a wide range of diseases. Although many studies examined peripheral venous administration of MSC, few have investigated the detailed intravenous administration procedures of MSC from their preparation until they enter the body. The current study therefore aimed to explore the most efficient infusion procedure for MSC delivery by preparing and infusing them under various conditions. Canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cADSC) were infused using different infusion apparatuses, suspension solutions, allogenic serum supplementation, infusion time and rates, and cell densities, respectively. Live and dead cell counts were then assessed by manual measurements and flow cytometry. Efficiency of live- and dead-cell infusion and cell viability were calculated from the measured cell counts and compared under each condition. Efficiency of live-cell infusion differed significantly according to the infusion apparatus, infusion rate, and combination of cell density and serum supplementation. Cell viability after infusion differed significantly between the infusion apparatuses. The optimal infusion procedure resulting in the highest cell delivery and viability involved suspending cADSC in normal saline supplemented with 5% allogenic serum at a density of 5 × 105 cells/mL, and infusing them using an automatic infusion device for 15 min. This procedure is therefore recommended as the standard procedure for the intravenous administration of ADSC in terms of cell-delivery efficiency.

One of the biggest challenges for oral drug absorption is the epithelial barrier of the gastrointestinal tract. The use of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) to modulate the epithelial barrier function is known to be an effective strategy to improve drug absorption and bioavailability. In this study we compare side-by-side, 9 most promising CPPs to study their cytotoxicity (Cytotox Red dye staining) and cell viability (AlamarBlue staining) on epithelial cells and their effects on paracellular permeability of the intestinal barrier in vitro in a differentiated Caco-2 epithelial monolayer model. The data revealed that 4 out of 9 well-studied CPPs significantly improved Caco-2 paracellular permeability without compromising on cellular health. To assess the impact of CPPs on the human microbiota we studied the antimicrobial effects of the 4 effective CPPs from our permeation studies against 10 representative strains of the gut microbiota in vitro using microbroth dilution. Our data revealed that these 4 CPPs affected the growth of almost all tested commensal strains. Interestingly, we found that two synthetic CPPs (Shuffle and Penetramax) outperformed all the other CPPs in their ability to increase intestinal paracellular permeability at 50 µM and had only a small to moderate effect on the tested gut commensal strains. Based on these data Shuffle and Penetramax represent relevant CPPs to be further characterized in vivo for safe delivery of poorly absorbed therapeutics while minimizing negative impacts on the gut microbiota.

International audience; The most used etchant in dental daily practice is the phosphoric acid (P.A.; 37%). However, acid etchants can induce necrosis on the oral mucosa and cause the ulceration of periodontal tissue when a rubber dam is not used. V-prep is a new practical alternative, and it has satisfactory results. It is used as a preparation before the application of a resin-modified glass ionomer composite (RMGIC) to bond the orthodontic brackets. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the V-prep on oral gingival fibroblasts cells by comparing the cell damage and cell viability after the use of V-prep and a conventional phosphoric acid etchant with different application times and concentrations. Therefore, Gingival fibroblasts passage 6 (GFP6) was grown and treated with an acid etchant and V-prep at three different concentrations (1:1, 1:2 and 1:10) for two different application durations (30 s and 1 min). The morphological changes, cell death and cell viability were assessed. Pyknosis, karyolysis, nucleus reversible and irreversible damages and membrane destruction were observed for both of the etchants at the higher concentrations and longer application durations. Mann-Whitney Utests were used for the statistical analyses. The application of the V-prep for 30 s showed better values than the acid etchant did in the cell damage analysis and cell viability analysis (p = 0.03). V-prep at a 1:10 concentration applied for a 30 s duration can preserve the viability of gingival fibroblasts cells up to 100%. The toxicity of V-prep is equal or lower than the toxicity of the acid etchant that is commonly used in dentistry. Thus, the V-prep can be used with precautions intra-orally, and it should be applied on the enamel as a gel for 30 s only before it is rinsed and removed.

Endocrine disruptors are chemicals widely used worldwide by industries in a variety of applications. Routinely exposure to these chemicals, even if at low doses, can cause damage effects on human health. In the present study, we evaluated toxic effects of nine chemicals, among which phthalates, using various cell lines to inspect their capability to interfere with cell proliferation and viability. Alongside, we investigated their affinity for phospholipids to assess the possible passage through biomembranes. Experimentally determined logkwIAM.MG values ranged from 1.37 to 3.49 whilst calculated log kwIAM.DD2 spanned from 1.80 to 5.21, supporting the target contaminants to exhibit lipophilicity moderate or very high. The achieved results were related to pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties by ADMET predictor™ and EPI Suite™ software. Triclosan and 4-Nonylphenol were found to be the most toxic against all cell lines screened, showing an IC50 of 30 μM for triclosan on human keratinocytes and of 50 μM for 4-Nonylphenol on human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Overall, even if the phthalates showed higher IC50 values (ranging from 170 μM to 280 μM), we can assert that all contaminants herein tested were able to interfere with cell growth and viability.

Traditional cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy have several limitations. Therefore, their performance must be enhanced with combined methods. The purpose of this study is to investigate both the efficacy of electroporation (EP) on the activity of methotrexate (MTX) and the combined treatment of electrochemotherapy (ECT) + ionizing radiation (IR) in MCF-7 cancer cells. Different treatment techniques, such as EP, MTX, MTX + EP (ECT), 140 kV X-ray alone (IR_140kV), 500 kV X-ray alone (IR_500kV), ECT + IR_140kV and ECT + IR_500kV, were applied to cancer cells. Eight electric pulse trains with square wave (800 V/cm, 100 µs and 1 Hz) were used in EP and ECT applications. The MTT assay was used to assess the efficacy of the therapies used. When the EP, MTX, ECT, IR_140kV, and IR_500kV treatment groups were compared to the control group, there was a significant reduction in MCF-7 cancer cells viability (p < 0.05). ECT was the most effective of these treatments, decreasing viability of cancer cells to 58.78%. The ECT + IR_140kV and ECT + IR_500kV groups were compared to the ECT group to examine the impact of X-ray radiation on ECT treatment. When compared to the ECT alone group, both groups that exposed to X-rays after ECT had a significant decrease in cell viability (p < 0.05). Furthermore, viability of MCF-7 cells reduced to 46.38% in the ECT + IR_140kV group and 35.89% in the ECT + IR_500kV group. In conclusion, the study shows that the cytotoxicity of MTX is significantly increased in ECT treatment compared to standard chemotherapy (p < 0.05). In addition, ECT + IR combined therapy application is much more effective than MTX or ECT treatments alone. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi: BAP-20-SYO-4901-01 This study was supported financially by the Scientific Research Project Fund of Muş Alparslan University (Grant No. BAP-20-SYO-4901-01).

WGS data have been submitted to the NCBI SRA database under accession number PRJNA860548.; International audience; Lgt is an essential enzyme in proteobacteria and therefore a potential target for novel antibiotics. The effect of Lgt depletion on growth, morphology, and viability was studied in Escherichia coli to assess whether absence of Lgt leads to cell death. Two Lgt depletion strains were used in which lgt was under the control of an arabinose-inducible promoter that allowed regulation of Lgt protein levels. Reduced levels of Lgt led to severe growth and morphological defects that could be restored by expressing lgt in trans, demonstrating that only Lgt is responsible for the distorted phenotypes. In the absence of major lipoprotein Lpp, growth defects were partially restored when low levels of Lgt were still present; however, lgt could not be deleted in the absence of Lpp. Our results demonstrate that Lpp is not the main cause of cell death under conditions of Lgt depletion and that other lipoproteins are important in cell envelope biogenesis and cell viability. Specific inhibitors of Lgt are thus promising for the development of novel antibiotics. IMPORTANCE Incomplete maturation and envelope mislocalization of lipoproteins, through inhibition or mutations in lipoprotein modification enzymes or transport to the outer membrane, are lethal in proteobacteria. Resistance to small-molecule inhibition or the appearance of suppressor mutations is often directly correlated with the presence of abundant outer membrane lipoprotein Lpp. Our results show that Lgt, the first enzyme of the lipoprotein modification pathway, is still required for growth and viability in the absence of Lpp and thus is necessary for the function of other essential lipoproteins in the cell envelope. This adds credence to the hypothesis that Lgt is essential in proteobacteria and an attractive target for the development of novel antibiotics.

Purpose: Wound healing is a set of mechanisms that are activated to restore structurally damaged tissue. There are many studies aimed at accelerating wound healing. In this context, products obtained from plants come to the fore. In this article, the effects of wheat germ oil (WGO), which is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on wound healing were investigated by in vitro method. Material and Methods: Wheat germ oil and α-tocopherol were applied to L929, a healthy fibroblast cell line, at different doses for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Cell viability was measured by XTT colorimetric method. In vitro wound healing model was applied at the dose where the oil was effective. Obtained results were analyzed statistically. Results: As a result of the application of α-tocopherol to L929 cells at different doses, it was observed that there was no significant contribution to cell proliferation compared to the control group. However, WGO was observed to significantly increase proliferation at the 100 ng/ml concentration. In the wound healing model, cells treated with WGO at 48 hours were observed to proliferate faster and invade the wound site more rapidly. (p

Aim: An optimum storage medium is required to preserve the viability of the periodontal ligament cells of the avulsed tooth. Although it has been suggested by some researchers that it would be suitable to store the avulsed tooth in water or saliva, milk has been considered the most appropriate storage medium. Although milk has been shown to be more effective for long durations, short-term results are contradictory. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess in vitro capacity of four storage media at room temperature with mitochondrial function analysis to maintain the viability of periodontal ligament fibroblasts over different time periods.Material and Methods: Periodontal ligament samples were isolated from second premolars for extracted orthodontic reasons. Pasteurized long-life milk, saliva, tap water, and distilled water were used to examine periodontal ligament cell viability. The exposure periods were for 60, 120, and 240 min and cell viability were evaluated using the XTT assay.Results: The count of living cells in milk was found to be significantly higher than in other storage media after 60, 120, and 240 minutes. The mean number of viable cells after 240 min in all storage media except distilled water was significantly lower than the average number of viable cells after 60 min (p

Using pulsed laser ablation technique, graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles were incorporated into a polymeric blend of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The nanocomposites were fabricated in film shapes using the casting method. The obtained films were investigated upon their structure and morphology. The films showed a rough surface with moderate porosity. The maximum roughness peak height increased from 142.9 to 198.9 nm for PVC and GO@PVC/PVDF. The thermal stability of the fabricated films was studied and showed that polymers displayed high stability up to 200 °C then were deteriorated exponentially. The weight loss reached around 3.2 % in the first stage and reached about 93.4 % at the last stage, which was above 400 °C. Further, the contact angle plunged from 90.2±3.4° to 65.4±2.5° for PVC, and GO@PVC/PVDF, respectively. Moreover, the dielectric loss was measured upon the variation of applied frequency. It decreased exponentially, starting from 7.1, 12.7, and 21.8 for PVC, PVC/PVDF and GO@ PVC/PVDF, respectively. The cell viability of the nanocomposite films was measured through the human fibroblasts cell line and showed an improvement upon the additional PVDF and GO to be around 95.3 ± 4 ± 3.5% in the case of GO@PVC/PVDF film.

Context: Premature aging usually occurred due to free radicals reducing the skins’ physiological functions. Muntingia calabura, a plant containing rich antioxidants, has the potential to overcome this problem. Aims: To evaluate the antioxidant capacity of M. calabura in inhibiting the premature aging process, to be potentially developed into an antiaging active ingredient. Methods: The samples were extracted using ethanol 96%, and processed into n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol fractions, respectively. Total phenolic content was determined, followed by the evaluation of antioxidant capacity through DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assay. Further, anti-elastase was conducted using human neutrophil elastase as a skin degradation enzyme, followed by an anti-collagenase test. Finally, normal cell proliferation was also evaluated via the MTT method measuring cell viability on HDFa cells. Results: As the results, ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and ethanol fraction showed a strong antioxidant effect, having great capacity reducing DPPH, ABTS radicals, and also iron reduction, in contrast to n-hexane fraction that exhibited only weak activity. The antioxidant trend capacities were found directly correlated to total phenolic contents. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction was found to have optimum activity in inhibiting elastase and collagenase enzymes, showing a similar impact on cell viability. Conclusions: The ethyl acetate fraction from M. calabura exhibits the prospect for further development to support its effectiveness as an active ingredient in antiaging cosmetics.

Objective Allogeneic and xenogeneic acellular dermal matrix (ADM) grafts have been used to treat periodontal soft tissue defects. The purpose of the current study was to compare the effect of human ADM (AlloDerm) and porcine ADM (Derma) on human primary gingival fibroblasts in vitro regarding the biocompatibility test.Materials and Methods Gingival fibroblasts were obtained from healthy adult gingiva and seeded on AlloDerm or Derma ADM in 96-well plate. The control cells were grown on a surface-treated polystyrene cell-culture plate without matrix. The cells were cultured for 3, 7, and 14 days. The fibroblasts morphology was examined using inverted microscopy, and the cell viability of fibroblasts adherent to the dermal matrix was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assay after 3, 7, and 14 days in culture. The data were statistically evaluated by one-way analysis of variance. p-Value of 0.05 was considered significant.Results Gingival fibroblasts adjacent to the AlloDerm and Derma matrices were healthy, attached to the well, and did not exhibit any cytopathic changes similar to control. There were no statistically significant differences in the cell viability between the gingival fibroblasts attached to Derma and AlloDerm on day 3 (p = 0.841), day 7 (p = 0.198), and day 14 (p = 0.788).Conclusion Considering this in vitro study’s limitations, both human and porcine ADM were compatible with the surrounding human primary gingival fibroblasts. No significant differences were observed in the cell viability between the gingival fibroblasts that were attached to Derma and AlloDerm.

Cutaneous melanoma is a fatal disease for patients with distant metastasis. Metformin is the most widely used anti-diabetic drug, and proved to suppress cell proliferation and metastasis in diverse cancers including melanoma. We previously reported that MEK inhibitor trametinib increases the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulators and melanoma cell motility, which are suppressed by addition of metformin in A375 melanoma cells. To confirm our findings further, we first evaluated the effect of metformin in combination with another MEK inhibitor binimetinib on cell viability in G361 melanoma cells. We then investigated whether binimetinib affects the expression of EMT regulators and cell motility. We finally monitored the effect of metformin on binimetinib-induced cell migration. Cell viability assay showed that combination index (CI) value at ED50 is 0.80, suggesting synergy for the combination of metformin with binimetinib. Our results also revealed that binimetinib increased the expression of EMT regulators such as integrin αV, fibronectin and slug, which correlate well with the enhanced cell migration in wound healing assay. Metformin, on the contrary, suppressed the expression of sparc, integrin αV, fibronectin and N-cadherin with the reduced cell motility. The combination treatment showed that metformin counteracts the binimetinib-induced increase of cell motility. Overall, these results suggest that metformin with binimetinib might be useful as a potential therapeutic adjuvant against cell survival and metastatic activity in melanoma patients.

sixteen bone particle samples were obtained from four adult mongrel dogs (1 to 2 years –old) were conducted in this study. The care of animals before, during and after surgical was done at the Surgical Clinic for Large Animals, Faculty of veterinary Medicine, Cairo university. The study was conducted after receiving ethical approved from the Research Ethics Committee of Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University 2020 (854).Dogs were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria from the Faculty of the Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University to investigate the effects of two different techniques on the viability of osteoblasts that are contained in particulate autogenous bone. The first technique (GI) is the milling of a bone block by the bone mill, and the second technique is the auto chip maker (GII). After cell isolation, cells were maintained in α-MEM supplemented with 1% antibiotics -antimycotic (10,000 U/mL penicillin, 10,000μg/mL, streptomycin, and 25μg/mL Amphotericin B). The following assay parameters were conducted to determine cell viability after 2weeks of osteoblast seeding: alkaline phosphatase activity, MTT assay, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and alizarin red staining.Both techniques presented in the present study, bone mill and auto chip maker, showed significant improvement in all parameters in the post-seeded cells, especially using the ACM approach. Indeed, the viable cell count was higher in ACM group.The results of the study revealed that the osteoblasts viability, activity and tissue formation were statistically significant in the auto chip maker group compared to the bone mill group.As regards the MTT assay in cell proliferation, statistically significant higher values were obtained in the ACM group compared to the bone mill group over the four consecutive assessments Regarding osteoblastic differentiation of the outgrowing cells at the level of mRNA, results revealed that the auto chip maker group demonstrated a significantly higher percentage of cell differentiation compared to the bone mill group, and this result favored the auto chip maker technique over the bone mill technique in the viability and differentiation status of the outgrowing cells.The result of the Alizarin Red staining test demonstrated that the auto chip maker test group revealed a significantly higher percentage of mineralized tissue formation compared to the bone mill test group

According to the literature, Ra 3-5μm surfaces are favorable for osteoblastic activity when compared to lower values. However, the literature is still not clear regarding Ra surfaces around 25μm, typical of those obtained by additive manufacturing. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review was critically analyze the existing literature to answer the question “What is the influence of the roughness of dental implants obtained by additive manufacturing on osteoblastic cell adhesion and proliferation?”.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais Studies have proposed coconut water, and more recently soy milk as storage medium for avulsed teeth, due to their nutrients are important factors to nutrition and preservation of cell viability. This study investigated the ability of pH-adjusted coconut water and soy milk to maintain the viability of periodontal ligament cells compared with bovine whole milk, bovine skim milk, and Hank s Balanced Salt Solution by using trypan blue exclusion; and the periodontal healing process of dog teeth replanted after storage in these solutions by using µCT and histological analyses compared with immediately tooth replantation. The solutions were evaluated by percentage of viable cells. For in vitro study were extracted dog premolar teeth, dried for 30 min on the surface of a gauze, and stored in the following media for 50 min or 24 h: long shelf-life bovine whole milk (SWM) (n=8), long shelf-life skim milk (SSM) (n=8), Hank s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) (n=8), soy milk (SM) (n=8) and pH-adjusted coconut water (CW) (n=8). The positive and two negative control groups corresponded to 0-min, 30-min (short-term), and 24-h (long-term) dry times, respectively. For in vivo study, forty upper and lower incisors of 10 adult beagle dogs were extracted and subjected to the following protocols: immediate replantation after extraction (control) (n=10); stored immediately in coconut water with adjusted pH (CW) (n=9), soy milk (SM) (n=8) and bovine whole milk (WM) (n=9), respectively for 50 minutes before replantation. The animals were euthanized 28 days postoperatively and the specimens obtained were scanned by µCT and subjected to routine processing for histometric analyses under optical microscope. The results obtained in vitro for the short-term experiment, the SSM resulted in significantly lower cell viability than SM and CW. At 24 h, SM and CW resulted in higher viability than HBSS and SSM and in comparable performance with the positive control group (0 min). Cell viability decreased over time (24 h), except in SM and CW. In vivo study showed that CW and SM had a similar periodontal condition performance of WM; however CW demonstrated lower variability of the periodontal condition than SM. SM demonstrated significant higher ankylosis than control group. Additionally this study demonstrated that the association of µCT and histological analyses for in vivo study is a promise method to better clarify the different stages of the tissue repairs. A despite of the results obtained in vitro, the in vivo study presented CW as superior storage media for avulsed teeth. Estudos têm proposto água de coco, e mais recentemente o leite de soja como meio de armazenagem para dentes avulsionados, devido aos seus nutrientes que são importantes fatores para nutrição e preservação da viabilidade das células . Este estudo investigou o potencial da água de coco, com pH ajustado, e do leite de soja em manter a viabilidade das células do ligamento periodontal, comparados ao leite integral bovino, leite desnatado bovino e Solução Balanceada de Hank s, por meio do método de exclusão do azul de tripan; e o processo de reparo periodontal de dentes de cães reimplantados após armazenagem nas mesmas soluções comparando com reimplante dental imediato por meio de análise histológica e microtomografia computadorizada (µCT). Para o estudo in vitro foram extraídos pré-molares de cães Beagle, secos por 30 minutos sobre a superfície de uma gaze, e armazenados nos seguintes meios durante 50 minutos ou 24 horas: leite integral bovino (LI) (n=8), leite desnatado (LD) (n=8), Solução Balanceada de Hank s (HBSS) (n=8), leite de soja (LS) (n=8) e água de coco com pH ajustado (AC) (n=8). O controle positivo e dois negativos correspondiam a 0 min, 30 min (curto prazo), e 24 h (longo prazo) secos, respectivamente. As soluções foram avaliadas pela porcentagem de células viáveis. Para o estudo in vivo, quarenta incisivos superiores e inferiores de 10 cães Beagle foram extraídos e submetidos ao seguinte protocolo: reimplante imediato após extração (controle) (n=10); armazenagem imediata em AC (n=9), LS (n=8) e LI (n=9), respectivamente por 50 min antes do reimplante. Os animais foram eutanasiados com 28 dias de pós-operatório e os espécimes obtidos foram escaneados no microtomógrafo e submetidos ao processamento histológico para análise histomorfométrica. Nos resultados obtidos in vitro em curto prazo, LD apresentou significativamente menor nível de viabilidade celular que LI e AC. No período de 24h, LS e AC resultaram significativamente maior nível de viabilidade comparado ao HBSS e LD e similares ao grupo controle positivo (0 min). A viabilidade celular diminuiu ao longo do tempo (24h), exceto em LS e AC. O estudo in vivo mostrou que AC e LS foi similar ao LI em relação à condição periodontal; entretanto AC demonstrou menor variabilidade na condição do periodonto comparado ao LS. LS demonstrou significativamente maior nível de anquilose em relação ao grupo controle. Este estudo demonstrou que a associação de análises µCT e histológica para estudos in vivo é um método promissor para melhor visualização dos estágios do processo de reparo. Frente aos resultados obtidos nos estudos in vitro e in vivo desenvolvidos neste estudo pode-se concluir que a AC demonstrou ser o meio de armazenagem superior para dentes avulsionados dentre as soluções pesquisadas. Mestre em Odontologia

Esse estudo objetivou comparar o manchamento dentário de incisivos bovinos simulando fraturas complicadas com exposição pulpar em dentes imaturos, tratados por pulpotomia total e parcial usando Biodentine (BD) e Bio-C repair (BCR) e avaliou a citotoxicidade dos materiais às células pulpares (hDPCs). Setenta e dois incisivos bovinos extraídos foram preparados para simular fraturas coronárias em um dente imaturo. Na simulação do tecido pulpar, as raízes foram preenchidas com uma mistura de ágar e sangue (grupo controle), sobre as quais foram colocados os materiais BD ou BCR com aproximadamente 2 mm de espessura. As análises de avaliação de cor das amostras foram realizadas antes e imediatamente após a pulpotomia e repetidas aos 30, 60 e 90 dias. As hDPCs foram colocadas em contato com diferentes diluições de meios de cultura previamente expostos a tais materiais e testadas quanto à viabilidade celular usando o ensaio MTT. Posteriormente, as hDPCs foram estimuladas com lipopolissacarídeos (LPS) e expostas aos extratos, para medição quantitativa de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROS) e óxido nítrico (ON). Os dados foram avaliados por ANOVA seguido do teste de Tukey e Dunnet (α = 0,05). Quanto à alteração de cor, houve diferenças significantes para “material de pulpotomia” (P0,05). BD apresentou valores de EROS e ON semelhantes aos dois grupos controle (P>0,05). Tanto BCR quanto BD quando utilizados em pulpotomia total ou parcial podem alterar significativamente a cor dos dentes. Embora ambos materiais sejam biocompatíveis, BCR apresentou uma redução na produção de EROS e ON em hDPCs estimuladas com LPS. This study aimed to compare tooth discoloaration in immature teeth mimicking total and partial pulpotomy using Biodentine (BD) and Bio-C repair (BCR) and evaluated the cytotoxicity of the materials to pulp cells (hDPCs). Seventy-two bovine mandibular incisors were prepared to simulate complicated coronary fractures in an immature tooth. In the pulp tissue simulation, the roots were filled with a mixture of agar and blood (control group), and BD and BCR were placed on it with approximately 2 mm of thickness. The color evaluation analyzes of the samples were performed before and immediately after the pulpotomy and repeated at 30, 60 and 90 days. The hDPCs were contacted with different dilutions of culture media previously exposed to such materials and tested for cell viability using the MTT assay. Subsequently, hDPCs were stimulated through contact with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and exposed to extracts, for quantitative measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). Data were evaluated by ANOVA followed by the Tukey and Dunnet test (α = 0.05).For tooth descoloration, there were significant differences for “pulpotomy material” (P0.05). BD showed ROS and NO values similar to the two control groups (P>0.05). Both BCR and BD when used in total or partial pulpotomy can significantly change the color of teeth to a perceptible degree. Although both materials are biocompatible, BCR decreased the production of ROS and NO in hDPCs stimulated with LPS. Dissertação (Mestrado) 2024-07-21

The G-protein-coupled receptor for estrogen (GPER1) is a transmembrane receptor involved in the progression and development of various neoplasms whose ligand is estradiol (E2). 17β-aminoestrogens (17β-AEs) compounds, analogs to E2, are possible candidates for use in hormone replacement therapy (HRT), but our knowledge of their pharmacological profile is limited. Thus, we explored the molecular recognition of GPER1 with different synthetic 17β-AEs: prolame, butolame, and pentolame. We compared the structure and ligand recognition sites previously reported for a specific agonist (G1), antagonists (G15 and G36), and the natural ligand (E2). Then, the biological effects of 17β-AEs were analyzed through cell viability and cell-cycle assays in two types of female cancer. In addition, the effect of 17β-AEs on the phosphorylation of the oncoprotein c-fos was evaluated, because this molecule is modulated by GPER1. Molecular docking analysis showed that 17β-AEs interacted with GPER1, suggesting that prolame joins GPER1 in a hydrophobic cavity, similarly to G1, G15, and E2. Prolame induced cell proliferation in breast (MCF-7) and cervical cancer (SIHA) cells; meanwhile, butolame and pentolame did not affect cell proliferation. Neither 17β-AEs nor E2 changed the activation of c-fos in MCF-7 cells. Meanwhile, in SIHA cells, E2 and 17β-AEs reduced c-fos phosphorylation. Thus, our data suggest that butolame and pentolame, but not prolame, could be used for HRT without presenting a potential risk of inducing breast- or cervical-cancer-cell proliferation. The novelty of this work lies in its study of compound analogs to E2 that may represent important therapeutic strategies for women in menopause, with non-significant effects on the cell viability of cancer cells. The research focused on the interactions of GPER1, a molecule recently associated with promoting and maintaining various neoplasms.

In this study, it was aimed to elucidate the interaction between aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), and cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) with hepatitis B virus X protein (HBX) in a human liver cancer cell line (HepG2) transfected with HBX. First, AHR, NF-kB, and CYP1A1 genes were cloned into the appropriate region of the CheckMate mammalian two-hybrid recipient plasmids using a flexi vector system. Renilla and firefly luciferases were quantified using the dual-luciferase reporter assay system to measure the interactions. Secondly, transient transfections of CYP1A1 and NF-kB (RelA) were performed into HBX–positive and HBX–negative HepG2 cells. The mRNA expression of CYP1A1 and NF-kB genes were confirmed with RT-PCR, and cell viability was measured by WST-1. Further verification was assessed by measuring the activity and protein level of CYP1A1. Additionally, CYP1A1/HBX protein–protein interactions were performed with co-immunoprecipitation, which demonstrated no interaction. These results have clearly shown that the NF-kB and AHR genes interact with HBX without involving CYP1A1 and HBX protein–protein interactions. The present study confirms that AHR and NF-kB interaction plays a role in the HBV mechanism mediated via HBX and coordinating the carcinogenic or inflammatory responses; still, the CYP1A1 gene has no effect on this interaction. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

The aim of this work is to study the physical-chemical, mechanical, and biocompatible properties of hydroxyapatite obtained by hydrothermal synthesis, at relatively low temperatures and high pressures, starting from natural sources (Rapana whelk shells), knowing that these properties influence the behavior of nanostructured materials in cells or tissues. Thus, hydroxyapatite nanopowders were characterized by chemical analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In vitro studies on osteoblast cell lines (cytotoxicity and cell proliferation), as well as preliminary mechanical tests, have been performed. The results showed that the obtained powders have a crystallite size below 50 nm and particle size less than 100 nm, demonstrating that hydrothermal synthesis led to hydroxyapatite nanocrystalline powders, with a Ca:P ratio close to the stoichiometric ratio and a controlled morphology (spherical particle aggregates). The tensile strength of HAp samples sintered at 1100 °C/90 min varies between 37.6–39.1 N/mm2. HAp samples sintered at 1300 °C/120 min provide better results for the investigated mechanical properties. The coefficient of friction has an appropriate value for biomechanical applications. The results of cell viability showed that the cytotoxic effect is low for all tested samples. Better cell proliferation is observed for osteoblasts grown on square samples.

The term sinecatechins designates an extract containing a high percentage of catechins obtained from green tea, which is commercially registered as Veregen or Polyphenon E (PE) and may be considered for treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and actinic keratosis (AK). As shown here, treatment of four cSCC cell lines with 200 µg/mL of PE resulted in strong, dose-dependent decrease in cell proliferation (20–30%) as well as strongly decreased cell viability (4–21% of controls, 48 h). Effects correlated with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, whereas early apoptosis was less pronounced. At the protein level, some activation of caspase-3 and enhanced expression of the CDK inhibitor p21 were found. Loss of MMP and induced cell death were, however, largely independent of caspases and of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins Bax and Bak, suggesting that sinecatechins induce also non-apoptotic, alternative cell death pathways, in addition to apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were downregulated in response to PE at 4 h, followed by an increase at 24 h. The contributory role of initially reduced ROS was supported by the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine, which in combination with PE further enhanced the negative effects on cell viability. Thus, sinecatechins inhibited cell proliferation and viability of cSCC cells, which could suggest the use of PE for AK treatment. The mechanisms appear as linked to an imbalance of ROS levels.

Genistein could play a crucial role in modulating three closely linked physiological processes altered during cancer: oxidative stress, mitochondrial biogenesis, and inflammation. However, genistein’s role in colorectal cancer remains unclear. We aimed to determine genistein’s effects in two colon cancer cells: HT29 and SW620, primary and metastatic cancer cells, respectively. After genistein treatment for 48 h, cell viability and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production were studied. The cell cycle was studied by flow cytometry, mRNA and protein levels were analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively, and finally, cytoskeleton remodeling and NF-κB translocation were determined by confocal microscopy. Genistein 100 µM decreased cell viability and produced G2/M arrest, increased H2O2, and produced filopodia in SW620 cells. In HT29 cells, genistein produced an increase of cell death, H2O2 production, and in the number of stress fibers. In HT29 cells, mitochondrial biogenesis was increased, however, in SW620 cells, it was decreased. Finally, the expression of inflammation-related genes increased in both cell lines, being greater in SW620 cells, where NF-κB translocation to the nucleus was higher. These results indicate that high concentrations of genistein could increase oxidative stress and inflammation in colon cancer cells and, ultimately, decrease cell viability.

Nowadays, biomedicine is a multidisciplinary science that requires a very broad approach to the study and analysis of various phenomena essential for a better understanding of human health. This study deals with the use of numerical simulations to better understand the processes of cancer viability and apoptosis in treatment with commercial chemotherapeutics. Starting from many experiments examining cell viability in real-time, determining the type of cell death and genetic factors that control these processes, a lot of numerical results were obtained. These in vitro test results were used to create a numerical model that gives us a new angle of observation of the proposed problem. Model systems of colon and breast cancer cell lines (HCT-116 and MDA-MB-231), as well as a healthy lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5), were treated with commercial chemotherapeutics in this study. The results indicate a decrease in viability and the appearance of predominantly late apoptosis in the treatment, a strong correlation between parameters. A mathematical model was created and employed for a better understanding of investigated processes. Such an approach is capable of accurately simulating the behavior of cancer cells and reliably predicting the growth of these cells.

This study reports the isolation and identification of the endophytic fungus Exserohilum rostratum through molecular and morphological analysis using optical and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as the procurement of its secondary metabolite monocerin, an isocoumarin derivative. Considering the previously observed biological activities of monocerin, this study was performed on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) that are widely used as an in vitro model for several different purposes. Important parameters, such as cell viability, senescence-associated β-galactosidase, cellular proliferation by using 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate N-succinimidyl ester (CFSE), apoptosis analysis with annexin, cellular morphology through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and laser confocal analysis were evaluated after exposing the cells to monocerin. After 24 h of exposure to monocerin at 1.25 mM, there was more than 80% of cell viability and a low percentage of cells in the early and late apoptosis and necrosis. Monocerin increased cell proliferation and did not induce cell senescence. Morphological analysis showed cellular integrity. The study demonstrates aspects of the mechanism of action of monocerin on endothelial cell proliferation, suggesting the possibility of its pharmaceutical application, such as in regenerative medicine.

In the present study, we aimed to synthesize (Ag)1−x(GNPs)x nanocomposites in variable ratios (25% GNPs–Ag, 50% GNPs–Ag, and 75% GNPs–Ag) via an ex situ approach to investigate the incremental effects of GNPs (graphene nanoparticles) on AgNPs (silver nanoparticles). The prepared nanocomposites were successfully characterized using different microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopic analysis. For the evaluation of morphological aspects, shape, and percentage elemental composition, SEM and EDX analyses were employed. The bioactivities of the synthesized nanocomposites were briefly investigated. The antifungal activity of (Ag)1−x(GNPs)x nanocomposites was reported to be 25% for AgNPs and 66.25% using 50% GNPs–Ag against Alternaria alternata. The synthesized nanocomposites were further evaluated for cytotoxic potential against U87 cancer cell lines with improved results (for pure AgNPs IC50: ~150 µg/mL, for 50% GNPs–Ag IC50: ~12.5 µg/mL). The photocatalytic properties of the nanocomposites were determined against the toxic dye Congo red, and the percentage degradation was recorded as 38.35% for AgNPs and 98.7% for 50% GNPs–Ag. Hence, from the results, it is concluded that silver nanoparticles with carbon derivatives (graphene) have strong anticancer and antifungal properties. Dye degradation strongly confirmed the photocatalytic potential of Ag-graphene nanocomposites in the removal of toxicity present in organic water pollutants.

Graphene oxide is a promising nanomaterial with many potential applications. However, before it can be widely used in areas such as drug delivery and medical diagnostics, its influence on various cell populations in the human body must be studied to ensure its safety. We investigated the interaction of graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in the Cell-IQ system, evaluating cell viability, mobility, and growth rate. GO nanoparticles of different sizes coated with linear or branched polyethylene glycol (P or bP, respectively) were used at concentrations of 5 and 25 μg/mL. Designations were the following: P-GOs (Ø 184 ± 73 nm), bP-GOs (Ø 287 ± 52 nm), P-GOb (Ø 569 ± 14 nm), and bP-GOb (Ø 1376 ± 48 nm). After incubating the cells with all types of nanoparticles for 24 h, the internalization of the nanoparticles by the cells was observed. We found that all GO nanoparticles used in this study exerted a cytotoxic effect on hMSCs when used at a high concentration (25 μg/mL), whereas at a low concentration (5 μg/mL) a cytotoxic effect was observed only for bP-GOb particles. We also found that P-GOs particles decreased cell mobility at a concentration of 25 μg/mL, whereas bP-GOb particles increased it. Larger particles (P-GOb and bP-GOb) increased the rate of movement of hMSCs regardless of concentration. There were no statistically significant differences in the growth rate of cells compared with the control group.

This research was funded by the project Ref. SBPLY/17/180501/000311 from the Consejería de Educación, Cultura y Deportes of Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha. It has also been possible to carry out this work thanks to funding from the “Call for grants to carry out pre-doctoral stays in foreign Universities and Research Centres for UCLM doctoral students—Co-funded by the Collaboration Agreement between the University of Castilla-La Mancha and Banco Santander”. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. Biopolymers such as chitosan (CHT) or alginate (ALG) are among the most prominent for health-related applications due to their broad bioactivity. Their combination for the preparation of membranes is hereby proposed as an application for wound healing with the incorporation of lavender essential oil (LEO), widely known for its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The preparation of CHT, CHT + LEO, ALG, ALG + LEO, and CHT/ALG + LEO membranes was accomplished, and its composition was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The water absorption capacity and oil release profile of the membranes revealed higher water uptake capacity when a lower LEO release was obtained. The combined CHT/ALG + LEO film showed a water uptake percentage of 638% after 48 h and a maximum LEO release concentration of 42 mg/L. Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of the prepared membranes were studied using a HaCaT cell line, with an assessment of cell viability regarding film leachables, DNA quantification, and DAPI-phalloidin staining. The results revealed that the indirect contact of the prepared membranes via its leachables does not compromise cell viability, and upon direct contact, cells do not adhere or proliferate on the surface of the membranes. Moreover, the CHT/ALG + LEO membrane increases cell proliferation, making it suitable for applications in wound healing. publishersversion published

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is generally considered a primary tumorigenic agent. While UVR exposure has been studied, especially at the skin level, the impact of UV exposure on internal tissues and its effect on the appearance and the development of tumors has not yet been fully examined. Although there are maximum limits for UVR exposure on external tissues, other internal tissues, such as oral tissue, can be exposed to UVR as well. Over the course of diagnosis and treatment, oral cells may be exposed to ultraviolet radiation; however, there has not been an established limit for UV radiation exposure. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to examine the effects of ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation at two doses (2.5 and 5 J/cm2) on tumor cells (pharyngeal carcinoma and tongue carcinoma) and healthy cells (gingival fibroblasts). The viability of the cells and their morphology, actin filaments, and nuclei structures; the expression of anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic (Bax) genes; and the roles of caspases-3/7, 8, and 9 were determined after the cells had been exposed to UVB. The experiments revealed that both types of cell lines showed reductions in viability, especially at a dose of 5 J/cm2. Additionally, apoptotic-like changes (rounding of the cells, the condensation of the nuclei, the re-organization of the actin filaments) were observed in all analyzed cells. The expression of anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic (Bax) genes revealed that UVB (5 J/cm2) may induce apoptosis in both oral tumor and healthy cells. Moreover, an analysis of caspases-3/7, 8, and 9 showed that UVB exposure enhanced their activity, suggesting that cell death could be caused by both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis. Accordingly, UVB exposure at the maximum doses used in dental practices (5 J/cm2) induced nonselective apoptotic changes, thereby reducing both tumor and healthy cell viability.