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Additional file 1: Table S1. RNA-seq transcriptome sequencing read statistics from this study. Samples used for the RNA-seq transcriptome sequencing experiment were derived from an infection time course of Venturia inaequalis on detached leaves from susceptible apple cultivar ‘Royal Gala’ at 12 and 24 hours post-inoculation (hpi), as well as 2, 3, 5 and 7 days post-inoculation (dpi), and during growth. Table S2. Effector candidate (EC) protein families or singletons from Venturia inaequalis that have sequence similarity to EC or avirulence (Avr) effector proteins from other plant-pathogenic fungi. Table S3. Effector candidates (ECs) of Venturia inaequalis (Vi) with predicted structural similarity to EC or avirulence (Avr) effector proteins from other plant-pathogenic fungi that have a characterized tertiary structure present in the RCSB PDB.

Additional file 8: S1 Text. Supplementary methods for the identification of dikaritin RiPP gene clusters in Venturia inaequalis.

Additional file 2: Fig. S1. Bioinformatic pipeline used for transcriptome analysis and genome annotation. Total RNA was extracted from apple leaves infected with Venturia inaequalis at 12 and 24 hours post-inoculation (hpi), as well as 2, 3, 5 and 7 days post-inoculation (dpi). As a reference for growth in culture, total RNA was also extracted from V. inaequalis grown on the surface of cellophane membranes overlaying potato dextrose agar at 7 dpi. Four biological replicates were included per sample. PE: paired-end; CDS: coding sequence; CAZyme: carbohydrate-active enzyme; EC: effector candidate. Fig. S2. Plant cell wall-degrading enzyme (PCWDE)-encoding genes of Venturia inaequalis upregulated during infection of susceptible apple cultivar ‘Royal Gala’, relative to growth of the fungus in culture on the surface of cellophane membranes overlying potato dextrose agar. A. Proportion of in planta upregulated PCWDE-encoding genes in each host infection-specific temporal expression wave. B. Heatmap of PCWDE-encoding genes upregulated in planta that demonstrate a peak level of expression during waves 1 and 2 of the early infection stage at 12 and 24 hours post-inoculation (hpi). C. Heatmap of PCWDE-encoding genes upregulated in planta that demonstrate a peak level of expression during wave 3 of the mid infection stage at 2 and 3 days post-inoculation (dpi) and waves 4 and 5 of the mid-late infection stage at 5 and 7 dpi. Block labels on the left indicate gene expression wave. Numbers in brackets indicate number of genes per wave. Gene expression data are scaled rlog-normalized counts across all samples (Z-score), averaged from four biological replicates. Labels on the right indicate carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) classification. Bar plots depict the maximum log2 DESeq2-normalized count value across all in planta time points. AA: auxiliary activity; GH: glycoside hydrolase; CE: carbohydrate esterase; PL: polysaccharide lyase; CBM: carbohydrate-binding module. Fig. S3. Prediction of effectors from Venturia inaequalis. A. Pipeline for the identification of effector candidates (ECs) from V. inaequalis. B. Comparison of the number of ECs predicted from V. inaequalis isolate MNH120 in this study and a previous study [19]. The comparison is based on an exact protein sequence match. The previous study by Deng et al. [19] defined ECs as small proteins of

En este trabajo se presenta una propuesta didáctica sobre la herencia andalusí diseñada y aplicada en un aula de Infantil de 4 años en el Colegio Aljarafe (Sevilla). Dicha intervención educativa demuestra la posibilidad y necesidad de aprender sobre el patrimonio en las primeras edades, haciéndolo de una manera atractiva, motivadora y significativa para el alumnado y aprovechando la curiosidad y creatividad que este presenta. Destaca una secuencia de actividades en torno a la geografía, el idioma, la gastronomía, la música y el arte. Solo así es posible formar una ciudadanía que valore el patrimonio cultural, lo conozca, lo comprenda y se identifique con él, para ser capaz de comunicarlo y alcanzar una actitud crítica y comprometida con su sociedad. This work presents a didactic proposal on the subject of Andalusí heritage designed and carried out in a 4-year-old infant classroom in Aljarafe School (Seville). This educational intervention demonstrates the possibility and necessity of learning about patrimony in the early ages. Doing so in an attractive, motivating and meaningful way for students and taking advantage of the curiosity and creativity that it presents. The proposal highlights a sequence of activities around geography, language, gastronomy, music and art. Only in this way is it possible to form a citizenry that values cultural heritage and has enough knowledge to be able to disseminate it and achieve a critical and committed attitude in society. Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Educación Infantil

La presente invención hace referencia a un proceso de formación de capas de conversión con propiedades de resistencia a la corrosión mediante reacciones químicas activadas térmicamente a alta presión para piezas o polvos de magnesio o de una aleación de magnesio, incluyendo magnesio puro o casi puro y todas sus combinaciones con otros elementos en cualquier proporción, usando una disolución de una o varias sales metálicas, siendo una de ellas, una sal de una tierra rara en un disolvente eutéctico profundo. [ES], The present invention relates to a method for forming conversion layers with corrosion-resistant properties, by way of thermally activated chemical reactions at high pressure, on magnesium parts or powder, or a magnesium alloy, including pure or almost pure magnesium and all combinations thereof with other elements in any proportion, using a solution of one or more metal salts, one of which is a rare earth salt, in a deep eutectic solvent. [EN], Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), A1 Solicitud de patente con informe sobre el estado de la técnica

Procedimiento de generación de capas de conversión con propiedades de resistencia a la corrosión. La presente invención hace referencia a un proceso de formación de capas de conversión con propiedades de resistencia a la corrosión mediante reacciones químicas activadas térmicamente a alta presión para piezas o polvos de magnesio o de una aleación de magnesio, incluyendo magnesio puro o casi puro y todas sus combinaciones con otros elementos en cualquier proporción, usando una disolución de una o varias sales metálicas, siendo una de ellas, una sal de una tierra rara en un disolvente eutéctico profundo., Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), A1 Solicitud de patente con informe sobre el estado de la técnica

[EN] The invention relates to a method for the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass, comprising a pre-treatment stage using ionic liquids and a subsequent hydrolysis treatment using acidic reagents. The method of the invention demonstrates that the speed of the hydrolysis increases by between 2 and 8 times depending on the temperature and the concentration of acid, as well as the type of acid used in the hydrolysis. [ES] El objeto de la invención es un procedimiento de hidrólisis de biomasa lignocelulósica que comprende una etapa de pretratamiento mediante líquidos iónicos y un posterior tratamiento de hidrólisis con reactivos ácidos. Mediante el procedimiento de la invención se ha comprobado que se aumenta la velocidad de la hidrólisis entre 2 y 8 veces dependiendo de la temperatura y de la concentración de ácido y tipo de ácido utilizado en la hidrólisis. Peer reviewed Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas A1 Solicitud de adición a la patente

[EN] We study the use of inorganic salt hydrates as solvents in the dissolution/precipitation pretreatment of cellulose. The dissolution of cellulose was very fast (15 min in some cases) at the low temperature of 70 °C. ZnCl2·4H2O, ZnBr2·4H2O, LiCl·8H2O and LiBr·4H2O were studied as solvent. The dissolution/precipitation process dramatically modified the cellulose structure, which was completely deconstructed, as corroborated by both XRD and SEM. The nature of these salts affects cellulose dissolution. The change in cellulose morphology after dissolution/precipitation pretreatment produced an increase in the rate of hydrolysis with respect to that of untreated cellulose. The acidic catalyst employed in hydrolysis had a moderate effect on the reaction results. The best performance was obtained with H4SiW12O40 (0.05 M) at 140 °C for 300 min, where the cellulose conversion was close to 99% and the glucose yield was 90%., This research was funded by Comunidad de Madrid (Spain) and ERDF (European Regional Development Fund), grant numbers S2013/MAE-2882 (RESTOENE-2-CM), P2018/EMT-4344 (BIOTRES-CM) and CSIC (201880E029). MLS acknowledges the support of the European Social Fund and Community of Madrid for her contract. We acknowledge support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).

[EN] The isomerization reaction of glucose to fructose was studied using five selected metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as catalysts and a mixture of γ-valerolactone and 10% H2O as solvent. MOFs with different metal cations (Cr3+, Al3+, Cu2+, and Fe3+) were tested between 100 and 140 °C. The activity tests show that the MOF with chromium yields a higher amount of fructose. A comparison between MIL-101(Cr) and MIL-53(Cr) shows a higher yield of fructose with MIL-101(Cr) (23% at 140 °C) in a short reaction time, due to the higher pore size of the MOF structure. The stability of this catalyst was confirmed, and it could be recycled 5 times without a significant loss of activity and exhibited an excellent fructose yield of 23–35% after 1 h of the reaction. In this work, the superior results found are due to the large porous MIL-101(Cr) catalyst combined with aprotic solvents (γ-valerolactone−10% H2O)., This work was supported by the Comunidad de Madrid (Spain) and ERDF (European Regional Development Fund), grant number S2018/EMT-4344 (BIOTRES-CM). In addition, this work was supported by the projects REQUIMTE-LAQV (UIDB/50006/ 2020) and GlyGold PTDC/CTM-CTM/31983/2017 and the R&D project POCI-010145-FEDER-016422 – UniRCell, which was financed by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal). We acknowledge the support for the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).