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Resistance exercise effectively improves bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle quality (e.g., muscle mass and muscle strength). The present study aimed to examine the effect of a 24-week resistance exercise training (RT) program on body composition, BMD, functional fitness, and isokinetic muscle strength in obese older women. Forty obese older women were initially enrolled. Among them, 30 participants (age: 80.55 ± 4.94 years; body fat percentage: 36.25 ± 3.44%) completed the study. The participants were randomly assigned into two groups: the RT group (n = 15) and the control (CON) group (n = 15). The RT group participated in the exercise for 60 min per session and two sessions per week for 24 weeks. Pre-test and post-test body composition, BMD, functional fitness, and isokinetic muscle strength were evaluated. The RT group increased significantly in functional fitness (hand grip strength: 1.70 kg, p < 0.01, and lower body strength: 3.87 n, p < 0.001), and isokinetic muscle strength (non-dominant leg extensor peak torque %BW at 60°/s: 13.20%, p < 0.05, dominant leg (DL) flexor peak torque at 60°/s: 3.87 Nm, p < 0.05, and DL flexor peak torque %BW at 60°/s: 7.60%, p < 0.05). However, the CON group showed negative changes in body composition (fat mass: 1.15 kg, p < 0.001, body fat percentage: 1.59%, p < 0.001, and fat-free mass: −0.58 kg, p < 0.05), BMD (whole-body: −0.01 g/cm2, p < 0.001 and forearm: −0.01 g/cm2, p < 0.05), functional fitness (lower body flexibility: −3.23 cm, p < 0.01, upper body strength: −2.06 n, p < 0.01, and agility and dynamic balance: 0.54 s, p < 0.01), and isokinetic muscle strength at 60°/s and 180°/s (all peak torque % body weight variables: −7.31–−1.50, p < 0.05). Our findings show that the CON group negatively affects body composition, BMD, functional fitness, and isokinetic muscle strength in obese older women for 24 weeks.

Objective: Background The present research aimed to compare landing kinematics parameters at different minutes of a simulated soccer game. Methods: In total, 15 soccer players from the youth team of Sanay Mes of Kerman with records (2 years) in the Premier League of Iran voluntarily participated in this study. Their mean±SD age and weight were 25.7±2.71 years and 77.30±7.78 kg, respectively. The players followed the Bangsbo's fatigue protocol, i.e. a simulated soccer game. Then, every 15 minutes, the studied players performed two countermovement jumps, and we compared their landing kinematics parameters accordingly. Performances were recorded with 3 cameras, 120 HTZ (Sony A7S). Information extracted from Kinova and repeated-measures analysis of variance was used for data analysis. Results: The obtained results suggested significant differences between the investigated players' knee flexion at landing at minute 0 and minute 60, and other durations (P

The purpose of the present study was to verify the influence of lower limb dominance and physical activity (PA) levels on flexibility in healthy young subject. Ninety-nine university students (46 males and 53 females) volunteered for this study. Hip flexion range of motion (ROM) during the passive straight leg raise test was used to estimate lower limb flexibility. PA levels were determined by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). The dominant limb of the subjects with high PA levels had higher flexibility values than the dominant and non-dominant limb of the subjects with low PA levels (p = 0.026 and p = 0.011, respectively) and the non-dominant limb of the subjects with moderate PA levels (p = 0.038). Thus, this investigation shows that lower limb dominance and PA levels have an influence on the flexibility. High flexibility values were observed in the dominant limb of the subjects with high PA levels. Therefore, this information may be useful when planning injury prevention or rehabilitation protocols for subjects with different PA levels and lower limb flexibility asymmetries. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influência da dominância dos membros inferiores e dos níveis de atividade física (AF) na flexibilidade em sujeitos jovens e saudáveis. Noventa e nove estudantes universitários (46 homens e 53 mulheres) voluntariaram-se para este estudo transversal. A amplitude de movimento (ADM) de flexão do quadril durante o teste passivo de elevação da perna reta foi medida para estimar a flexibilidade dos membros inferiores. Os níveis de AF foram aferidos pela versão curta do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ-SF). O membro dominante dos sujeitos com alto nível de AF apresentou maior valor de flexibilidade do que o membro dominante e não dominante dos sujeitos com baixo nível de AF (p = 0,026 e p = 0,011, respectivamente) e do que o membro não dominante dos sujeitos com moderado nível de AF (p = 0,038). Assim, este estudo demonstrou que a dominância do membro inferior e o nível de AF influenciam nos valores de flexibilidade. Maiores valores de flexibilidade foram observados na perna dominante dos sujeitos com alto nível de AF. Desta forma, esta informação pode ser relevante para o planejamento de protocolos de prevenção de lesões ou de reabilitação em indivíduos com níveis distintos de AF e assimetrias de flexibilidade nos membros inferiores.

WOS: 000427351200005, OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of kicking leg preference on the bilateral leg strength asymmetries of amateur football players. METHODS: Thirty-four right-dominant (RD) and twenty-three left-dominant (LD) amateur football players volunteered to participate in the study. Squat and countermovement jump, standing long jump, and isokinetic knee strength (at 60, 180 and 300 degrees/s) were tested with respect to inter-limb asymmetry index (ASI). RESULTS: There were significant differences in horizontal jump and H/Q ratio at 60 degrees/s between DL and NDL in all football players. There were also significant differences in standing long jump, hamstring peak torque at 180 degrees/s and H/Q ratio at 60 degrees/s in the LD football players (p < 0.05). Moreover, the LD group had greater percentage of subjects with ASI > 15% for standing long jump, hamstring peak torque at 180 degrees/s. Furthermore the percentage of subjects with H/Q Ratio < 0.60 for 60 degrees/s was greater in the LD players' DL. CONCLUSION: Bilateral leg strength asymmetries may be affected by a single leg predominantly in the mobilization workouts. Having higher inter-limb asymmetry index, LD players may be screened and trained to minimize leg strength asymmetries., Anadolu University, This study was supported by grants from Anadolu University.

The current literature shows no consensus regarding the difference between the dominant leg (D-Leg) and the non-dominant leg (ND-Leg) in terms of postural control. This lack of consensus could stem from motor experience (i.e., symmetric or asymmetric motricity) and/or the physiological state induced by physical exercise. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of fatiguing exercise on postural control when standing on the D-Leg and the ND-Leg, in athletes practicing symmetric (SYM) and asymmetric (ASYM) sports. Thirty healthy male participants were recruited and divided into two groups, (SYM n = 15) and (ASYM n = 15, on the basis of the motricity induced by the sport they practice. Monopedal postural control was assessed for the D-Leg and the ND-Leg before and after the fatigue period (which consisted of repeating squats until exhaustion). A force platform was used to calculate the spatio-temporal characteristics of the displacements of the center of foot pressure (COP). A significant fatigue effect was observed in both groups on the D-Leg and the ND-Leg for all the COP parameters. There was a tendency (p = 0.06) between the ASYM and SYM groups on the D-Leg, concerning the relative increase in the COP velocity in the frontal plane after the fatigue period. The fatigue condition disturbed postural control in both the SYM and ASYM groups on the D-Leg and ND-Leg. This disturbing effect related to fatigue tends to be more marked in athletes practicing asymmetric sports than in athletes practicing symmetric sports on the D-Leg.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cross-country skiing training on dominant leg strength. The study included fifteen junior and twelve youth cross country skiers, and fourteen sedentary male volunteers. Test data were obtained from Cybex II Norm isokinetic strength measurement equipment. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon matched pairs test. Strength was determined at the 60°/sec (Isokinetic Speed 60°/sec Reps 5) and the 180°/sec (Isokinetic Speed 180°/sec Reps 20). Junior cross-country skiers did not have any significant difference for peak torque and ratio between legs (p

Aim: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of functional balance training on static and dynamic balance performance, kicking velocity and to define the relationship between balance ability and kicking velocity of adolescent soccer players.Material and Methods: Sixteen male players randomly divided into 2 groups (Control Group: age 14,23±0,44; Training Group: age 14,31±0,48). While the control group (n=8) followed regular soccer training, the training group (n=8) performed a functional balance training program additively. The balance training was performed on both stable ground and unstable surface (BOSU ball). SportKat2000 system were used to elicit static and dynamic balance scores of right, left and both leg stance of the soccer players.Results: All static balance variables (dominant, non-dominant and both leg) of training group and one variable (non-dominant leg) of control group showed statistically significant differences (p, Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı fonksiyonel denge antrenmanının adölesan futbolcuların statik-dinamik denge performansları ve vuruş hızları üzerine etkilerini incelemek ve denge yeteneği ile vuruş hızı arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktır.Materyal ve Yöntem: Onaltı erkek futbolcu rastgele iki gruba ayrıldı (Kontrol Grubu: yaş 14,23±0,44; Antrenman Grubu: yaş 14,31±0,48). Kontrol Grubu (n=8) rutin futbol antrenmanlarına devam ederken Antrenman Grubu (n=8) buna ek olarak fonksiyonel denge antrenmanı uyguladı. Denge antrenmanları hem sert zemin hem de BOSU topları üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Futbolcuların sağ, sol ve çift bacak statik ve dinamik denge skorlarını belirlemek için SportKat 2000 denge ölçüm sistemi kullanıldı.Bulgular: Antrenman sonrası deney grubunun tüm değişkenlere (dominant, dominant olmayan, çift bacak) ilişkin statik denge skorları ve dominant bacağa ilişkin dinamik denge skorları, kontrol grubunun ise dominant olmayan bacağa ait hem statik hem de dinamik denge skorları istatiksel olarak anlamlıydı (p

El presente estudio analiza la diferencia de la presión plantar entre el pie dominante y el no dominante en cuatro gestos deportivos propios de la práctica del fútbol en 16 jugadores de fútbol profesional, pertenecientes a la liga Adelante BBVA (Promedio 28 años, 180 cm altura y 76,75 kg de peso). Para obtener la distribución de la presión plantar, se utilizó la misma equi¬pación en todos los participantes, excepto en los que utilizaban ortesis plantar de forma terapéutica, que realizaron la prueba usándolas; se usaron unas plantillas instrumentadas Biofoot® con 64 sensores y se dividió la planta del pie en 6 zonas. La presión plantar se registró con éxito en los cuatro gestos deportivos: carrera, salto, aterrizaje y chut. Se realizan 128 comparaciones entre ambos pies, durante la realización de los 4 gestos seleccionados y a los 16 participantes, y dieron siempre resultados dis¬tintos. La presión máxima se encontró en el pie dominante durante el salto y la carrera, y durante el aterrizaje y el chut en el pie no dominante, lo que nos indica que el pie dominante ejerce una acción directa sobre la realización del gesto deportivo, mientras que el pie no dominante proporciona la estabilidad. A la vista de los datos obtenidos, creemos que individualizar el trata¬miento a cada pie evitaría lesiones, ya que disminuiría la asimetría existente en cada pie. Recomendamos ejercicios de entrenamiento que busquen la simetría así como el uso de ortesis plantares con funciones específicas para cada pie. This study analyzes the difference in plantar pressure between the dominant foot and the non-dominant foot, in four sports gestures own football practice in 16 professional soccer players belonging to the League Adelante BBVA (average 28 years, 180cm tall and 76,75 kg). For the distribution of plantar pressure, we used the same gear for all parti¬cipants, except those using orthotic treatment of plantar whom were tested using them, we used instrumented insoles “Biofoot” with 64 sensors and divided sole in 6 zones. Plantar pressure was recorded successfully in all four sports movements: running, jum¬ping, landing and shot. 128 comparisons are made between both feet while performing gestures of 4 and 16 selected participants always giving different results. The maximum pressure was found in the dominant foot during the jump and the race, finding the non-dominant foot during the landing and shot. Which indicates that the dominant foot exerts a direct action on the implementation of the sporting movement, while the non-dominant foot provides stability. In view of the data, we have to individualize treatment to each foot pre¬vent injuries by reducing the asymmetry in each foot. We recommend training exercises that seek symmetry and the use of plantar orthoses with specific functions for each foot. Podología

Balance tests are used to identification of injury and awareness of the effect of rehabilitation. So;this study was performed to establish balance norm of guidance level of Guilan Province. 400male student of guidance level of Guilan Province (age: 13.08±0.97 years old; height: 157±10cm; and mass: 49.81±14.23 kg) were selected cluster random sampling and star excursionbalance and strock stand tests were performed on dominant and non-dominant legs. Descriptivestatistics were used to establish the norms. Finally; balance norm in dominant and non-dominantleg for each of the three levels were established.