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Cherry is a stone fruit crop that is valued for its early fruiting, productivity, and high taste and diet properties. The researches in the sphere of compatible scion-stock combinations selection of cherry crops with high winter hardiness and fruits quality were held in Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution All-Russian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology, and Nursery (FSBSI ARHIBAN) for these crops introduction in industrial gardening of the Central region of Russia. The mineral composition of four cherry cultivars of FSBSI ARHIBAN selection (Apuсhtinskaya, Rusinka, Volochaevka, and Molodezhnaya) grown on rooted and grafted plants (stocks AVCH-2, Izmaylovskiy, and Moskoviya) was studied for the first time. The influence of scion-stock combinations on 11 elements (Na, P, K, Mn, Fe. Mg, Ca. Co, Zn, Se, Mo) accumulation in the fruits was determined. The greatest proportion of mineral substances in cherry fruits belongs to K. Depending on the scion-stock combination its amount is varied from 13.89 mass % (Apuсhtinskaya/Moskoviya) to 30.52 mass % (Molodezhnaya/Izmaylovskiy). For all cultivars fruits, the amount of K is 1.1 – 1.3 times higher on stock Izmaylovskiy than on rooted plants. The variation coefficient of K is low (V %) 1.37 – 6.91 for the majority of scion-stock combinations that indicate the stable entry of this element inside the fruit. The most content of all the elements under study was found in the fruits ash of Rusinka, Molodezhnaya, and Volochaevka on stock Izmaylovskiy that indicates the stable physiological state of the plants on these stocks. Results show that the cherry fruits analyzed could be an alternative to the supplementing of a mineral diet.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cyclic fatigue resistance of Dia-X, WaveOne Gold and One Curve files in a water bath at intracanal temperature (35°C). Thirty-nine instruments Dia-X, WaveOne Gold, and One Curve systems (n = 13) were tested in an artificial canal with a curvature angle of 60° and a radius of 3 mm. A water bath setup at a temperature of 35°C was used to simulate the intracanal temperature and time to fracture (TTF) as seconds was recorded. The mean data were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey test (p =.05). The fractured surface of the instruments was examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical composition of the instruments were investigated with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Statistically significant differences were detected in TTF values of all the systems as follows: One Curve > WaveOne Gold > Dia-X (p

The present study investigates the preference index of natural fibers such as sisal, coir, and rice straw fibers in stone matrix asphalt mixtures (SMA), using waste marble as filler. Waste marble was used as the filler in asphalt mixtures and was crushed by abrasion machine and sieved according to SMA filler requirements. The SEM topography and EDS analysis of sisal, coir, and rice straw fibers were also carried out. The Marshall test was conducted, which is the most acceptable, cost-effective, and widely adopted method to estimate the optimum bitumen and to examine several Marshall Measures, such as flow value, voids filled with bitumen (VFB), stability, voids in mineral aggregate (VMA), and air voids (VA). Furthermore, tests were performed on the specimen with the optimum amount of bitumen, different percentages of fibers, and waste marble as filler to calculate drain down, moister sensitivity, and Marshall Stability. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques were implemented to obtain subjective and objective weights, which were further used to compute the values of the preference index of natural fiber contents. The outcomes revealed favorable results for the usage of marble dust as filler in Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA). In addition, the preference index upshots are inclined toward the usage of rice straw over coir followed by sisal fiber. It was observed that the value of the preference index in rice straw at 0.3 varied from 0.918, 0.925, and 0.931 in rice straw using equal, objective, and subjective weights, respectively. The maximum drain down value observed is 0.335 based on ASTM-D 6390 and IRC-SP-79 are against 0.3 percent natural fiber. Moreover, as per the prescribed limit of MoRTH, because of the thin film around aggregates, moisture susceptibility characteristics, i.e., better resistance to moisture, were enhanced by more than 80%.

In recent years, biodegradable materials have included magnesium alloys with homogenous disintegration and a controllable degradation rate. Utilized in medical applications, biodegradable materials based on magnesium have been widely explored throughout the years. It is well-known that alloying Mg with biocompatible and non-toxic elements increases the biodegradability of surgical alloys. The purpose of this study was to examine the microstructure and the electrochemical response (corrosion resistance) of a new experimental Mg-based biodegradable alloy—Mg–0.5%Ca with additions of Zn as follows: 0.5, 1.5, and 3.0 wt.% in order to control the corrosion rate. Immersion tests were performed for different periods in a simulated body fluid electrolyte solution at 37 °C, and the mass loss was appreciated in order to calculate the corrosion rate (CR). The investigation led to the discovery of a dendritic Mg solid solution, a lamellar Mg2Ca compound, and a MgZn2 intermetallic phase. Scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy were used for surface analysis after the immersion and electro-corrosion resistance tests. The metallic and ceramic compounds that detached themselves from the sample and passed into the solution were evaluated using the SEM-EDS system. All samples presented a generalized electro-corrosion with anodic and cathodic reactions of similar intensity. The corrosion rate was similar regardless of the percentage of zinc, with a smaller value for a higher than 3 wt.% Zn percentage based on the more protective zinc oxide that appeared on the surface.

In the automotive environment, the need to increase the performance of materials requires extra engineering efforts. The possibility of developing new materials is strategically important. Indeed, alternative solutions in terms of material choice allow designers to optimise their projects and keep competitive production costs. Traditional quenched and tempered steels are usually used for highly stressed components, and possible alternatives could be important competitive opportunities. One possible substitute is using bainitic steels to exploit their economic advantages while maintaining acceptable mechanical performances. This paper explores the fatigue life behaviour of a new low-carbon bainitic steel for applications requiring case hardening treatment obtained by the nitriding process. A high-cycle fatigue (HCF) strength assessment is conducted through a test campaign to compare treated and untreated material. The improvement in fatigue strength is evaluated as well as the study of fracture surfaces, residual stress, and microhardness profiles to assess in detail the effectiveness of the nitriding process. It is found that the nitriding leads to an improvement in fatigue life but not as much as expected because of the low ductile behaviour of this steel, the high speed of stress application added, and the embrittlement of the nitriding treatment, as confirmed through fracture surface analysis.

This study investigated the interface morphology, microstructure composition and connection strength of 7A52 aluminum alloy-Al2O3 ceramic brazed joints under heat treatment conditions. Alumina ceramics were first treated with electroless nickel plating, followed by vacuum heat treatment at different temperatures. Then an Al-Si-Mg intermediate layer was placed between the treated alumina ceramic and 7A52 aluminum alloy for brazing under the conditions of welding temperature 590, holding time 1h, pressure 2 MPa. Results showed that when heat treatment was performed at 350°C and below, the nickel-plated metal had an amorphous structure, and when performed at 400°C, the nickel-plated layer had a crystalline structure and the brittle phase Ni3P was precipitated. When the heat treatment temperature was 350°C, the joint shear strength reached the maximum, which was 68.7 MPa.

Visual appearance—colour and texture variation—of weathering steel was compared by testing weathering steel samples in aggressive and non-aggressive conditions, and cyclical changes of ambient temperature. This paper introduces a new method for determining visual appearance of weather-resistant steel in different environmental conditions. Weathering steel samples were tested in H2O, 3% NaCl and 3% Na2SO4 solutions under ambient temperature changing from +20°C to −20°C per day. The structure of steel surface viewed under optical microscope revealed corrosion products in all steel samples. X-ray diffraction analysis of corrosion products revealed the presence of oxy-hydroxides, such as lepidocrocite (ɣ-FeO (OH)), goethite (α-FeO(OH)) and magnetite (Fe3O4) in different environment. Optical microscopy images of corroded surfaces had different visual appearance and orange, yellow, sandy, black or anthracite colours, which indicate that the corrosion products primarily contain lepidocrocite (ɣ-FeO(OH)), goethite (α-FeO(OH)) and magnetite (Fe3O4). EDS analysis revealed that the rust of samples kept in 3% NaCl solution had the highest amount of iron ions.

The composition of the well-preserved fusion crust of the meteorite Jesenice was characterised by means of optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM investigations revealed three structurally distinct layers within the crust. The features of the first layer on the surface are precipitates, enriched in metal elements (iron, nickel), and the partial melting of silicate grains, which continues deeper into the second layer. The second layer beneath has veins with a heterogeneous composition that indicates a different source of melting minerals. The third layer, which is located deeper within the fusion crust, has not undergone any structural changes and its features are similar to the interior of the meteorite. This is additionally confirmed by the presence of cracks, which are a consequence of shock metamorphism, and irregularly shaped metal and sulphide grains. The structural changes of the thin fusion crust on the surface of this stony meteorite indicate high temperatures (more than 1500 °C) accompanied by high pressures.

With the intention of producing a metal composite consisting of Ag nanoparticles embedded in patterned polystyrene, silver triphenylphosphine nitrate, Ag(PPh3)3NO3, was chosen as a source of Ag metal as it is soluble in toluene to form a blend with polystyrene, a well-known negative tone e-beam resist. At a constant e-beam dosage of 150 ?C cm-2, the patterns were produced at 5, 10, and 30 keV beam energies while varying the dwell time at a location (pixel) and the number of passes. The presence of Ag in the patterned regions was confirmed by the EDS analysis. TEM showed the formation of small Ag nanoparticles in the embedded matrix of the polymer. The reduction of Ag precursor following exposure to the e beam was monitored by XPS. UV-vis absorption studies showed a broad peak at 464 nm, typical of surface plasmon absorption by Ag nanoparticles. Confocal fluorescence studies showed the embedded Ag nanoparticles in the carbon matrix to have fluorescence property as well. C-AFM measurements have shown that the patterned blend is well conducting due to the interacting Ag nanoparticles, the resistance being two orders less compared to that of polystyrene itself. The higher the beam energy, the lower was the dwell time required to attain a conducting pattern. � 2009 American Chemical Society.

The oldest surviving helmet from Estonia is a 13th-century kettlehat found near village of Kodasoo in northern Estonia. Three samples from different parts of the kettlehat were investigated in a metallographic study. The raw material of the Kodasoo kettlehat was a slag-rich iron of heterogeneous carbon content. It was improved by folding and forge-welding it at least three times, resulting in layered structure with more uniformly distributed carbon content.El casco más antiguo encontrado en Estonia es un «chapel de fer» del siglo XIII que proviene de cerca de la aldea de Kodasoo, en el Norte de Estonia. Tres muestras de diversas partes del casco fueron investigadas mediante un estudio metalográfico. El material original del casco de Kodasoo era un hierro de contenido de carbono heterogéneo y con abundantes inclusiones de escoria. Se intentó mejorar su calidad mediante forja, doblándolo y soldándolo a la calda por lo menos tres veces, dando como resultado una estructura estratificada, con el contenido de carbono distribuido más uniformemente.

Korišćenjem metoda optičke mikroskopije, kvantitativne optičke mikroskopije SEM i EDS analize izvršena su ispitivanja strukture, kao i analiza faznog i hemijskog sastava, kod trenjem zavarenih spojeva brzoreznog čelika Č 7680 sa ugljeničnim čelikom za poboljšanje Č 1730. By using the methods of optical microscopy, quantitative optical microscopy SEM and EDS analysis, the tests of structure were carried out, as well as the analysis of both phase and chemical composition, of joints welded by friction of the HSS steel M-2 with carbon steel for improving 1060.

Článek je přístupný po bezplatné registraci na webu vydavatele. The ability of mixed biomass (stems and leaves) of an invasive plant Reynoutria japonica to bind up Zn(II) ions has been studied. For modelling of kinetic data, pseudo-second-order model was used. The sorption equilibrium data were described by the Langmuir and Freundlich models; the processes were in concordance with obtained Langmuir and Freudlich isotherms. Both linear and non-linear models were suitable for data modelling. Maximal sorption capacity for Zn(II) was 8.97 mg/g (PAB 0.5). The sorption mechanism explained as ion exchange was described using EDS analyses. The binding groups of leaves and stems of R. japonica biomass were analyzed using FTIR method. For desorption of Zn(II) from R. japonica mixed biomass, 0.2M H2SO4 was successfully used. Web of Science 8 2 242 233

The main objective of this paper is to use the industrial waste such as bottom ash and Weld Slag (WS) as the partial replacement for fine aggregates in concrete. This paper presents the chemical analysis and strength properties of industrial solid waste such as bottom ash, weld slag 1 (WS 1) and weld slag 2 (WS 2). Their chemical compositions were identified by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis. The qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis of the bottom ash and weld slag was recognized by energy dispersive X-ray analysis and their morphology were studied by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The compressive strength of concrete with 10% replacement of fine aggregate to the industrial waste shows higher strength than the normal concrete and hence this industrial waste can be used as fine aggregate in concrete.