1. Molecular-Signaling Pathways of Ginsenosides Rb in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Mini Review
- Author
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Fitri Fareez Ramli, Adli Ali, and Nurul 'Izzah Ibrahim
- Subjects
Inflammation ,Cardiotonic Agents ,Ginsenosides ,ginsenoside Rb3 ,Apoptosis ,Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ,Review ,molecular-signaling pathway ,myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury ,General Medicine ,Oxidative Stress ,ginsenoside Rb1 ,ginsenoside Rb2 ,Animals ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Reperfusion injury following myocardial ischemia remained a challenge for optimal treatment of myocardial infarction. Ginsenosides Rb (G-Rb), the primary components of ginsenoside, have been reported to exert cardioprotective effects via numerous mechanisms. G-Rb1 mediate cardioprotective effects via various signaling pathways, including mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, HIF-1α and GRF91, RhoA, p38α MAPK, and eNOS. G-Rb2 activates the SIRT-1 pathway, while G-Rb3 promotes both JNK-mediated NF-κB and PERK/Nrf2/HMOX1. Generally, ginsenosides Rb1, 2, and 3 modulates oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, contributing to the improvement of structural, functional and biochemical parameters. In conclusion, G-Rb, particularly G-Rb1, have vast potential as a supplement in attenuating reperfusion injury. Translation into a clinical trial is warranted to confirm the beneficial effects of G-Rb.
- Published
- 2022