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Le point de départ de notre article est un précédent article publié par la Revue internationale d’éducation de Sèvres, « L’accès libre et gratuit à l’information scientifique », en septembre 2009. Si la majorité des ressources signalées en 2009 restent d’actualité, il nous semble pertinent, en 2015, de proposer un tour d’horizon actualisé sur les initiatives en cours. Le premier constat est celui d’une évolution de la terminologie : préférer le terme « ouvert » à « libre » permet d’inscrire l...

A ciência aberta vem ditando uma nova dinâmica ao ecossistema da comunicação científica, por meio da reconfiguração e da sofisticação dos métodos para o compartilhamento e o reuso de resultados de pesquisa. Os formatos de publicação tradicionalmente aceitos pela comunidade científica para a disseminação de avanços em pesquisa têm se mostrado inadequados para as novas formas de se comunicar ciência. Dados de pesquisa têm assumido um maior protagonismo, e passaram a ser valorizados como ativos de pesquisa autônomos, de alto valor intrínseco, e publicáveis. Considerando esse cenário, o presente trabalho de revisão tem por objetivo apresentar o atual contexto da publicação de dados e seus impactos na produção e na comunicação científica, tomando como base exemplos e iniciativas vigentes. São apresentadas e discutidas três abordagens para publicação de dados, bem como suas principais vantagens e limitações: os repositórios de dados, as publicações ampliadas, e os artigos de dados, sendo que estes últimos podem ser publicados em periódicos híbridos ou periódicos dedicados à publicação de dados, e ainda elaborados manualmente ou a partir de ferramentas automáticas disponibilizadas por repositórios de dados. Por fim, são apresentados alguns dos desafios que ainda permeiam as discussões sobre publicações de dados, e sinalizadas possibilidades para pesquisas futuras

ResumenLas distintas visiones que dan las diferentes fuentes de información con respecto a un campo de investigación en particular es un fenómeno conocido en los estudios bibliométricos y cienciométricos. El presente artículo tiene por propósito entender el impacto de las fuentes de información en la identificación y la caracterización de un campo científico en un contexto particular: la química en México. No se trata de comparar la producción científica en este campo extraída de varias bases de datos bibliográficas, sino de partir de una metodología original que consiste en construir estrategias de búsqueda adecuadas para cada fuente y procesos de normalización, análisis y visualización de los resultados, mostrar que la definición del campo científico estudiado depende de las fuentes de información usadas. Se usaron fuentes nacionales e internacionales especializadas, o relacionadas con las ciencias químicas, así como recursos multidisciplinarios, a saber Web of Science (WoS), Chemical Abstracts Service (cas), periódica y cab Abstracts (cab) en el periodo de 2000-2004. Los resultados apuntan al impacto de las especificidades de la estructura de cada base de datos en los resultados de las búsquedas; en periódica, la producción se concentra en 37 revistas (44%) mientras que los trabajos en revistas internacionales se encuentran repartidas en un total de 1559 publicaciones (WoS), 188 (cab) y 1640 (cas).AbstractMethodological approaches to identify and describe Mexican chemistry research in bibliographic databasesYoscelina Hernández-García, Mina Kleiche-Dray and Jane M.-RussellThe varying visions of a particular research field in diverse information sources are a recognized phenomenon in bibliometric and scientometric studies. The purpose of this paper is to provide an understanding of the impact of using distinct information sources for the identification and description of a scientific field in a specific context, in this instance the field of chemistry in Mexico. We use both international and national sources specializing in or related to chemistry, as well as suitable multidisciplinary services, including Web of Science (WoS), Chemical Abstracts Service (cas), periódica and cab Abstracts (cab) for 2000-2004. Using an original methodology involving the construction of appropriate search strategies for each database and processes for the normalization, the authors compare and analyze the scientific production extracted from the distinct bibliographic databases, showing that the definition of the scientific field under study depends on the information source consulted. Our findings reveal the impact of a given database structure on search results. In the periódica index, scientific articles are concentrated in 37 journals (44%), while in international journals it is distributed across a large number of titles, 1559 (WoS), 188 (cab) and 1640 (cas).

Le développement rapide et constant des technologies de l’information scientifique et technique (IST) impose aux professionnels de ce secteur une veille technologique leur permettant d’en suivre les évolutions, d’anticiper ou de proposer des changements, de faire des choix éclairés. Afin d’aider les différents pôles de compétence en IST à organiser, partager, diffuser et valoriser les résultats de cette veille, le pôle « Technologies de l'information scientifique et technique » a mis en place un dispositif nommé « Observatoire des Technologies ». Celui-ci repose sur un réseau de veilleurs qui utilisent divers outils, partagent des sources d’information et diffusent une information filtrée et enrichie sur un blog commun. Cet article décrit l’organisation humaine et technique sur laquelle s’appuie ce dispositif.

The North-South cooperation presented here does not only concern libraries and librarians. It concerns cooperation within a network of institutions in which librarians are working and whose main objective is to promote the adoption of information and communication technologies by demographers in French-speaking Africa.This cooperation was implemented between six demographic research centres of which five are located in French-speaking sub-Saharan Africa and the other in Paris. Their activities are quite similar. Affiliated to national universities, they develop research activities in the area of population-development and train students in demography; most of them have a library managed by a professional. They are relatively small, with less than fifty employees (teachers, researchers and administrative staff) and welcome PhD students.

On assiste depuis les années quatre-vingt-dix à un mouvement en faveur de l’accès libre et gratuit à l’information scientifique. Le terme « libre accès » (Open Access) concerne la mise en ligne des publications scientifiques, articles de revues ou de recherches universitaires passés en revue par des pairs, mais peut également englober les thèses et les données issues de la recherche. Le libre accès a pour but d’accroître la visibilité des recherches, de faciliter et d’accélérer l’évaluation d...

This study attempts to analyse the usability of international databases such as the Science Citation Index (SCI) for the observation of the international collaboration in lesser-developed countries. We have examined the adequacy of this data source (the SCI) in perceiving the international scientific activities of nine Latin American countries. We have studied the relationships of these countries with their main foreign partners in the large fields of science. It has been observed that some of these relationships are not covered by the data source under study. The creation of an information system storing complementary data suited for the identification of existing internatinal collaborative projects is recommended. In the longrange future such a system would provide more appropriate information for the analyses of international collaboration.

In the pioneering study on the quantitation of science in the first generation Nigerian Universities between 1975–79 using the scientific indicator of publication count of publishing scientists derived from ISI database, the data showed a real growth in scientific output. The growth correlated well with Federal Government funding of the Universities and the nation's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The decline and often erratic funding stemmed the rate of growth in most of the Universities. In spite of the modest growth recorded for the fastest growing science of Biochemistry, where nutrition was identified as the major front of research, high infant morality rate (an index of under-development) was unabated. Retrieval of information to aid prosecution of relevant research and lack of access to scientific information have resulted in intellectual isolation of Nigerian scientists and inapplicability of research findings. Apart from India, the pathetic state of scientific growth and relevance in Nigeria is typical of the Developing Countries (DC). The situation calls for awareness of the importance of science indicators in strengthening the coverage of third world science and for support of science in the DC. Refining of science indicators for suitability to measuring science in these countries is also advocated.

Background Scientific publication is commonly used to communicate research findings and in most academic/research settings, to evaluate the potential of a researcher and for recruitment and promotion. It has also been said that researchers have the duty to make public, the findings of their research. As a result, researchers are encouraged to share their research findings with the scientific world through peer review publications. In this study, we looked at the characteristics and publication rate of theses that documented studies on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Cameroon. Materials and Methods: To check if a thesis resulted in a publication, we searched: A database of publications on HIV in Cameroon, African Journals Online, PubMed and Google scholar. For each publication we recorded if the student was an author, the position of the student in the author listing, the journal and where the journal was indexed. We also looked at the impact factor of the journals. Results: One hundred and thirty theses/dissertations were included in the study, 74.6% (97/130) were written as part of a medical degree (MD), 23.8% (31/130) a postgraduate (PG) degree and 1.5% (2/130) for a Doctorate/PhD. On a whole, 13.9% (18/130) of the theses resulted in at least one publication in a scientific journal with a total of 22 journal articles, giving a mean publication rate of 0.17 article/thesis, 86.4% (11/22) were indexed on PubMed, 9.1% (2/22) on African Journals Online and 4.6% (1/22) on Google scholar. One PG thesis led to two book chapters. The student was the first author in 22.7% (5/22) of the articles and not an author in 9.1% (2/22) of the articles. Student supervisor was an author in all the articles. Conclusion: This study reveals that most students in Cameroon failed to transform their theses/dissertations to scientific publications. This indicates an urgent need to sensitize students on the importance of presenting their research findings in scientific meetings and peer reviewed journals. There is also a great necessity to build capacity in scientific writing among university students in Cameroon.Keywords: Cameroon, Graduate and medical students, Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Publication rates

[Publications] Victimes de la crise, les bibliotheques universitaires revoient considerablement a la baisse le nombre de leurs acquisitions. A partir d’elements tires de rapports, d’articles et d’entretiens, l’article decrit les raisons d’une telle situation, la maniere dont ces bibliotheques gerent la penurie et propose des perspectives.

Le développement rapide et constant des technologies de l’information scientifique et technique (IST) impose aux professionnels de ce secteur une veille technologique leur permettant d’en suivre les évolutions, d’anticiper ou de proposer des changements, de faire des choix éclairés. Afin d’aider les différents pôles de compétence en IST à organiser, partager, diffuser et valoriser les résultats de cette veille, le pôle « Technologies de l'information scientifique et technique » a mis en place un dispositif nommé « Observatoire des Technologies ».Celui-ci repose sur un réseau de veilleurs qui utilisent divers outils, partagent des sources d’information et diffusent une information filtrée et enrichie sur un blog commun. Cet article décrit l’organisation humaine et technique sur laquelle s’appuie ce dispositif.

La communication décrit l'impact du développement de la bibliothèque numérique sur le métier et la fonction du professionnel de l'information scientifique et technique.

The article provides an overview on the definition and evolution of grey literature (GL) in the emerging environment of online resources and open access to scientific and technical information. First, it gives some empirical evidence on the importance of GL in scientific publications from different domains, especially education, based on citation analysis. Other topics: the impact of Internet on the production of GL, the place of grey resources in open archives and institutional repositories, the development of bibliographic control and standardization of GL and the difficulties of identification and accessing of grey documents. The article ends with some prognostics on the future of GL and open questions for research in library and information sciences on GL., L'article propose une synthèse de la définition et de l'évolution de la littérature grise and l'environnement des ressources numériques et de l'accès libre à l'information scientifique et technique. Parmi les sujets : l'importance relative de la littérature grise pour les publications dans plusieurs domaines scientifiques (notamment en sciences de l'éducation), l'impact de l'Internet sur la littérature grise, sa place dans les archives ouvertes, la question du contrôle bibliographique et de la normalisation, les problèmes avec l'identification et l'accès aux documents gris. L'article termine avec quelques sujets de recherche et des pronostiques pour l'avenir de la littérature grise.

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Séminaire des Données de la Recherche, les 2 et 3 décembre 2013