Search

The mortality of Tribolium Castaneum (Herbst) can be increased by lower the oxygen level. With the above concept the effect of oxygen scavengers on the survival of Tribolium castaneum was assessed in the post-harvest engineering laboratory, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru during 2017–18. The trial was conducted with four different packaging Pouches (Low-density polyethylene, High-density polyethylene and multi-layered pouches supplied by Swiss Pac and Ecotact) and Band sealers. Each pouch (25 × 18 cm) having a capacity of 1000 cc was filled with 850 g of foxtail millet. A single sachet of oxygen absorber (200 cc) and 20 pairs of one day old T. castaneum adults were released into each pouch. These pouches were placed in an incubator at a temperature of 30 ± 02 °C and 70 ± 5% relative humidity. Results revealed that in the Swiss Pac (0%) and Ecotact multi-layered (0%) pouches, which contained oxygen scavenger, the oxygen level was zero throughout the experimental period. The grain pouches containing oxygen scavenger had 100 per cent mortality of the beetle. Multi-layered pouches (Swiss Pac and Ecotact) proved to be the best packaging material for use of oxygen scavengers in the safe storage of foxtail millet grains. As the oxygen scavengers absorb oxygen completely within the pouches and maintains an oxygen-free atmosphere, thereby achieving the complete kill of the beetle.

Use of technology in healthcare is growing importance as a result of the tendency to acquire chronic disease like heart attack and high blood pressure. Heart rate and blood oxygen saturation is a couple of such biometrics that is monitored in this project to provide information regarding the health of the body. By measuring the intensity change of light transmitted through tissue due to arterial blood, heart rate is measured. Furthermore, oxygenated blood has different light absorption characteristics than deoxygenated blood under red and infrared wavelengths. Comparing the absorptions produce an estimate of the oxygen saturation of blood. The purpose is to examine how heart rate and the oxygen saturation of subject is measured from finger and then processed and displayed. The design, is small in size, easy to use, allows a non- invasive, real time method to provide information regarding health. This enables an efficient and economical means for managing the health care. This document is intended to be used by engineers, medical equipment developers, anyone related to medical practice and interested in understanding the operation of pulse oximeter and heart rate monitoring system.

Fish management systems have an important role in fish farming. One aspect of fish management is water quality which includes several things such as temperature, pH, oxygen levels and also feeding. So far, monitoring of water quality and feeding of fish has been done manually. This study aims to design a control-monitoring system for oxygen levels, pH, temperature and automatic feeding based on IoT. The reading data from the sensor and also the RTC will be forwarded by the microcontroller to the server to be displayed to the user. This system is automated with actuators in the form of aerators and motors, so that feeding and adding oxygen levels to the pond will be automatically carried out by the microcontroller. The results of this study indicate the system can work, temperature data, oxygen levels, pH can be monitored through the server and feeding can also be done.

The first-ever Covid-19 virus Pandemic was found in Wuhan, China in December 2019. This virus has become a pandemic and become the cause of death for many people. This Virus spreads rapidly and that's why it becomes every country's concern. The Covid-19 Virus can be detected by a method called PCR Swab Test. The Swab and PCR method can't be separated from defining a suspect result of Covid-19. Even more, Swab tests and PCR have become an important requirement for traveling. But the Test is so costly and takes a long time to get the result where it becomes a new problem. Hence, there is a device called Poltekad Electronic Detector that can detect a suspect of Covid-19 based on Body Temperature, Blood Pressure, Heartbeat, and Oxygen level on blood. All these parameters will be used by a smart system to draw a conclusion and showing it on a Web Server. This research using some of the methods used in sensor calibration thus makes the output of the device is corresponding to the Health Equipment Standard. According to the result of this research, the device could read a parameter and then draw a conclusion about the suspect and also send the data to the Web Server so the data can be accessed from a PC or a Smartphone. The result from the Web Server can be printed in PDF Format.

Nitrous oxide (N2 O), a potent greenhouse gas, is reduced to N2 gas by N2 O-reducing bacteria (N2 ORB), a process which represents an N2 O sink in natural and engineered ecosystems. The N2 O sink activity by N2 ORB depends on temperature and O2 exposure, yet the specifics are not yet understood. This study explores the effects of temperature and oxygen exposure on biokinetics of pure culture N2 ORB. Four N2 ORB, representing either clade I type nosZ (Pseudomonas stutzeri JCM5965 and Paracoccus denitrificans NBRC102528) or clade II type nosZ (Azospira sp. strains I09 and I13), were individually tested. The higher activation energy for N2 O by Azospira sp. strain I13 (114.0 ± 22.6 kJ mol-1 ) compared with the other tested N2 ORB (38.3-60.1 kJ mol-1 ) indicates that N2 ORB can adapt to different temperatures. The O2 inhibition constants (KI ) of Azospira sp. strain I09 and Ps. stutzeri JCM5965 increased from 0.06 ± 0.05 and 0.05 ± 0.02 μmol L-1 to 0.92 ± 0.24 and 0.84 ± 0.31 μmol L-1 , respectively, as the temperature increased from 15°C to 35°C, while that of Azospira sp. strain I13 was temperature-independent (p = 0.106). Within the range of temperatures examined, Azospira sp. strain I13 had a faster recovery after O2 exposure compared with Azospira sp. strain I09 and Ps. stutzeri JCM5965 (p < 0.05). These results suggest that temperature and O2 exposure result in the growth of ecophysiologically distinct N2 ORB as N2 O sinks. This knowledge can help develop a suitable N2 O mitigation strategy according to the physiologies of the predominant N2 ORB.

espanolObjetivo: Proponer una arquitectura IoT para la obtencion, seguimiento y aprovechamiento de los datos pertenecientes a variables fisiologicas de un paciente (ritmo cordiaco y nivel de oxigeno) mediante dispositivos wearables comerciales para el servicio asistencial en salud. Metodologia: Tomando como referencia la arquitectura convencional de IoT a cuatro capas (captura, almacenamiento, analisis y visualizacion) se diseno una arquitectura a tres vistas (negocio, funcional e implementacion) para el desarrollo de servicios de monitorizacion de variables fisiologicas que aprovecha los datos de los dispositivos comerciales para la obtencion de informacion de valor agregado dirigida a personal especializado. Resultados: Como resultado de la arquitectura propuesta, se desarrollo una instancia de la misma a traves de un sistema IoT para la monitorizacion y analisis del nivel de oxigeno en la sangre y del ritmo cardiaco. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que la arquitectura sirve de referencia para la construccion de sistemas de monitoreo y analisis de variables fisiologicas en el area de la asistencia medica. EnglishObjective: Propose an IoT architecture for obtaining, monitoring and taking advantage of data pertaining to physiological variables of a patient (heart rhythm and oxygen level) through commercial wearable devices for health care service.Methodology: Taking as a reference the conventional four-layer IoT architecture (capture, storage, analysis and visualization), a three-view architecture (business, functional and implementation) was designed for the development of physiological variables monitoring services that take advantage of the data from the commercial devices for obtaining value-added information aimed at specialized personnel.Results: As a result, a reference architecture was obtained, which was validated by developing an IoT system for monitoring and analyzing of both the blood oxygen level and heart rate.Conclusions: The results obtained demonstrate that the proposed architecture serves as a reference for the construction of monitoring and analysis systems of physiological variables in the health assistance service.

With the spread of COVID-19 around the world Wearing a mask has caused some controversy The mask will increase breathing resistance and cause hypoxia This is the reason that many people oppose wearing masks However, the anti-epidemic effect of masks has been scientifically proven To make more people accept wearing masks, this article proposes a new solution Namely, the long breath mode It does not require any changes to the mask's structure, only that we need to change the original breathing pattern This article demon-strates that a new breathing program can increase air intake, activate lung function, and obtain more oxygen We then tried to use blood oxygen saturation as an indicator of the human oxygen level to prove its effectiveness A photoelectric pulse oximeter developed according to different light absorption principles in the blood is used to test blood oxygen saturation Experimental results show that wearing a mask under high oxygen consumption can cause a period of hypoxia It has been confirmed that the recommended long breathing method increases the oxygen saturation in the body's blood and relieves the lack of oxygen in the body © 2020 Seventh Sense Research Group®

In this study cut, pineapple slices of 1 cm thick were packaged and stored at different temperatures and equilibrium modified atmosphere packages (EMAPs) to determine changes of color and firmness over time to represent physicochemical shelf life. From the experimental data, a variance analysis was performed to determine the effect of temperature and O2 level on the evolution of color (CIELAB coordinates) and firmness. It was observed that the evolution in L* , a* , and b* coordinates is independent on O2 concentration in the EMAP system. After that, suitable models were adjusted to represent the change of the quality properties as a function of temperature by using first-order models to represent color and a power model for firmness. Likewise, a modified normal distribution function was adjusted to represent the coefficient of firmness loss depending on the O2 level besides the temperature effect. The firmness model was used to obtain a suitable equation to predict shelf life of the pineapple slices for different EMAP systems. Finally, a validation experiment was performed at 8 °C obtaining a high capacity of prediction (R2 adj > 0.90) compared with the experimental data. The adjusted model can be used to configure a satisfactory EMAP system for the best preservation of minimally processed pineapple from the predicted evolution of color, firmness, and shelf life depending on temperature and O2 concentration. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: In this work, we built a mathematical model to simulate the shelf life of pineapple cut into slices based on changes in color and firmness and as a function of temperature and oxygen level. These properties are truly relevant because they are very clear evidence of the fruit deterioration, and for that reason, we chose them for the model. The model we developed can be applied in retail and supermarket systems to determine precisely how long the product on the shelf can last before being disposed of, reducing material losses.

To clarify the effect and mechanism of oxygen supply, particle size, and dust concentration on the flame propagation behaviours and explosion characteristics of cornstarch dust cloud, a 3D numerical simulation for simulating the explosion process of cornstarch dust cloud were conducted and verified with experimental data using a 20-L sphere. Next, flame behaviours and explosion parameters under different conditions were investigated using numerical calculation and experimental observation. Results revealed that: flame propagation during the whole explosion process can be divided into four various stages according to the CFD simulation. Temperature fluctuation, dust agglomeration, and three different zones can be distinguished from the flame configuration. Oxygen supply, particle size, and dust concentration pose different impact trends to the initial flame behaviours and explosion parameters. The flame length varied linearly over time while oscillation phenomenon can be found in flame velocity at both the horizontal and vertical directions.

As earthlings, we take the oxygen in the air that we breathe for granted. Few people realize that this easy access to oxygen makes us unique in the whole universe. Nowhere else in our planetary system or in distant stars has stable oxygen ever been detected. However, the present plentiful supply of oxygen in our atmosphere was not always there. Long after the Earth was formed some 4.5 billion years ago, the Po2 in the atmosphere was near zero, and it remained so for millions of years. But about 2 billion years ago, the Po2 dramatically increased to as high as 200 mmHg during the Great Oxygen Event, due to the activity of microorganisms, the cyanobacteria. Subsequently, the oxygen level fell to the intermediate values that we have today. Here, we also look to the future, for example, the next 50 years. This period will be special because it will include the beginnings of human space exploration, initially to the Moon and Mars. Neither of these has atmospheric oxygen. Nevertheless, plans to visit and live on both of these are developing rapidly. We consider the fascinating problems of how to ensure that sufficient oxygen will be available for the groups of people. Although it is interesting to discuss these issues now, we can expect that major advances will be made in the next few years.

The full potential of triplet fusion photon upconversion (TF-UC) of providing high-energy photons locally with low-energy excitation is limited in biomedicine and life sciences by its oxygen sensitivity. This hampers the applicability of TF-UC systems in sensors, imaging, optogenetics and drug release. Despite the advances in improving the oxygen tolerability of TF-UC systems, the evaluation of oxygen tolerability is based on comparing the performance at completely deoxygenated (0% oxygen) and ambient (20-21%) conditions, leaving the physiological oxygen levels (0.3-13.5%) neglected. This oversight is not deliberate and is only the result of the lack of simple and predictable methods to obtain and maintain these physiological oxygen levels in an optical setup. Herein, we demonstrate the use of microfluidic chips made of oxygen depleting materials to study the oxygen tolerability of four different micellar nanocarriers made of FDA-approved materials with various oxygen scavenging capabilities by screening their TF-UC performance over physiological oxygen levels. All nanocarriers were capable of efficient TF-UC even in ambient conditions. However, utilizing oxygen scavengers in the oil phase of the nanocarrier improves the oxygen tolerability considerably. For example, at the mean tumour oxygen level (1.4%), nanocarriers made of surfactants and oil phase both capable of oxygen scavenging retained remarkably 80% of their TF-UC emission. This microfluidic concept enables faster, simpler and more realistic evaluation of, not only TF-UC, but any micro or nanoscale oxygen-sensitive system and facilitates their development and implementation in biomedical and life science applications. publishedVersion

Objective. In the steel industry, performing activities in confined spaces where potential oxygen displacement can occur may expose workers to fatal consequences. To the best of our knowledge, no quantitative exposure assessment of oxygen deficiency in steel industry confined spaces is available in the literature. To overcome this gap, we performed oxygen deficiency hazard (ODH) assessments in real confined spaces using two existing models to identify the most critical parameters responsible for ODH, and suggest controls for mitigating the asphyxiation risk. Methods. We applied a well-mixed model and a near field-far field approach to estimate the indoor oxygen level with time during and following release of simple asphyxiants. Model inputs were mainly gathered thanks to audits and instrumental tests in three firms. Results. The most severe ODH exposures are posed in spaces with restricted volume and where accidental releases of inert gases can occur. Such exposures can be controlled through early release detections and augmented reality systems. Conclusions. ODH assessments in confined spaces of steel firms allow the identification of the most critical parameters from an oxygen depletion perspective, focusing on which data need careful measurement, and help to establish controls compatible with the operations conducted in these areas.

Electrical wires and cables have been identified as a potential source of fire in residential buildings, nuclear power plants, aircraft, and spacecraft. This work reviews the recent understandings of the fundamental combustion processes in wire fire over the last three decades. Based on experimental studies using ideal laboratory wires, physical-based theories are proposed to describe the unique wire fire phenomena. The review emphasizes the complex role of the metallic core in the ignition, flame spread, burning, and extinction of wire fire. Moreover, the influence of wire configurations and environmental conditions, such as pressure, oxygen level, and gravity, on wire-fire behaviors are discussed in detail. Finally, the challenges and problems in both the fundamental research, using laboratory wires and numerical simulations, and the applied research, using commercial cables and empirical function approaches, are thoroughly discussed to guide future wire fire research and the design of fire-safe wire and cables.

Respiration is very sensitive to waterlogged conditions. Under these conditions, plant roots suffer from lack of available oxygen. In fact, waterlogging reduces the exchange of gases between the plant and the atmosphere. When plants cannot receive sufficient oxygen level for respiration, they form aerenchyma in their roots which function as reservoirs of oxygen in the submerged plant. Aerenchyma is formed in maize (Zea mays) roots in response to different types of stress such as waterlogging, mechanical impedance, drought and nutrient deficiencies. Ethylene plays a crucial role in aerenchyma formation. Under waterlogged conditions, it can be cumulated in the submerged tissue and induces genes implicated in aerenchyma formation. These genes are related to calcium signaling, cell wall degradation and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this review, the authors focused on the recent findings on aerenchyma in maize roots and explained the mechanisms of its formation under waterlogged conditions. Key words: Aerenchyma, maize root cortex, waterlogging, ethylene, programmed cell death.

Oxygen is known as an irreplaceable gas in the lives of most eukaryotic cells, yet researchers underestimate its importance, as in the case in many studies of tumors. The variable oxygen content of malignant solid tumors increases the difficulty of treatment. Thus, it could be reasonably inferred that the tumor oxygen microenvironment, if efficiently and completely regulated, could bring certain changes to existing therapies. Based on this speculation, an acid-responsive, oxygen-scavenging and anaerobic-sensitizing nanoparticle was designed to regulate the oxygen level of solid tumor by creating an artificial anaerobic environment in our study. The Mg2Si core, which acted as a deoxygenating agent, was able to consume tumor oxygen and cause cell dormancy, while the incorporated hydrophobic tirapazamin (TPZ) helped to kill the now-dormant tumor cells. This simple and nontoxic nanoparticle achieved controllable factitious anaerobic circumstance in solid tumor for the first time, displaying the considerable potential and promising application of tumor gaseous microenvironment regulation therapy.

Goldfish is one of the most potent hypoxic-tolerant freshwater fish and exhibit gill remodeling when exposed to hypoxia or warm water. In this study we reported that hypoxia decreased the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein BimEL through activation of ERK1/2 and/or miR-24 in gill of goldfish. Pretreatment with either SCH772984 (an ERK1/2 inhibitor) or bortezomib (a proteasome inhibitor) was able to block the hypoxia-induced down-regulation of BimEL and the reduction of interlamellar cell mass (ILCM). Additionally, high temperature inhibited the binding of 70-kilodalton heat shock cognate protein (HSC70), a Bim mRNA stabilizer, with 3’-UTR of Bim mRNA. Our results demonstrate that water oxygen level and temperature regulate ILCM size via BimEL in gill remodeling of goldfish, suggesting that BimEL may promote cell survival in ILCM cells.

There is a rapid increase in the spread of the Covid Virus. This has resulted in serious health issues among people. There is a dire need for a proper system to detect COVID symptoms and Alert Officials. The proposed solution is an IoT based multiple Health Monitoring System to detect symptoms of COVID and alert officials. It consists of a contactless temperature sensor, Oximeter, Automatic Hand Sanitizer, Camera module, Room Occupancy limiter and a Social Distancing module. It is a contactless method for patient evaluation. The Internet of Things enables devices to connect to the internet and communicate with each other. Data from these IoT-connected devices will help to identify the scenario and take necessary action. Contactless Temperature Sensor, Oximeter, and Heartbeat rate sensors are used to measure temperature, Oxygen level, and Heart rate respectively. NodeMCU reads sensor values, ESP32 camera module capture picture, and stores for future reference. The sensors measure the data. Normal temperature reading is from 97°F to 99°F and normal SpO2 reading is at least 95% [1]. If the measured value crosses the normal value, those details are immediately sent to health workers with a picture of the individual. The proposed solution also consists of a module to maintain Social Distancing and also an automatic Hand Sanitizing module. As the entire setup is automated, it reduces time and labour and also ensures satisfactory results.

The population of the nation is exponentially increasing and there needs more care and attention for elder people. The proposed system provides an immediate health care in case of any emergency situation observed in the healthcare parameters of the patients. For example sugar level, blood pressure, oxygen level, rate of heart beat, temperature and other essential parameters recorded by the smart monitoring system. It provides an interface between the patients and the emergency team in hospitals by intimating the critical condition of the patients in order to treat them immediately.

This study was conducted on 100 Fish Farmers of Nazeemabad village of Udham Singh Nagar District of Uttarakhand. Need was assessed through survey schedule. On the basis of need assessment, an online lecture was delivered. After that knowledge was assessed. It was reported that majority of fish farmers were unaware about techniques for checking phytoplankton and zooplankton, weed management in pond, Irrigation and drainage management, pH and Oxygen level measurement, ways of diseases control. Majority of respondents (98 per cent) were facing many constraints as productivity of soils of the pond, Lack of adequate marketing channels, Lack of proper training/exposure visits and lack of adequate marketing channels. An online video lecture was delivered by fisheries expert. It was observed that knowledge was increased after listening a lecture.

A lot of period, due to negligence of hospital staff, or insensitivity of relatives it may happen that medication is not observed correctly, and it may go ahead to cause heart attack or other life-threatening situations. Thus, this research study presents proposed systems which include arrangement of sensor tools and Internet of Things (IoT). Using this structure one can manage electrical energy equipment’s and monitor level of the medicine from a distant place and keep an eye on entire development. In this structure using IoT, one can normalize electrical appliances and constantly supervised patients from remote location. The internet of things technology is a innovative change maker for the health care engineering. It is changing healthcare field by dropping functioning costs and serving caretakers centre of attention on treating patients in a better mode. This method consists of a number of sensors. Controlling and data processing is done through the ESP8266, all the sensors are connected to Arduino Uno. Through this system, we can measure Temperature, heartbeat, and BP. Through sensors, it is possible to measure all these values. These values are then used for detecting any situation. In case of a critical situation, an alert can be given as a telegram message it is possible to monitor the person’s health from any location in the world through the mosquito server cloud. The project uses a MQTT protocol for monitoring patients. Condition through the mobile Application. The data from sensors is uploaded to the cloud server, periodically without any interruption if the internet is available. Through this system one can efficiently monitor patient’s condition.

Rising CO2 concentration and temperatures in urban areas are now well-known, but the potential of an emerging oxygen crisis in the world's large cities has so far attracted little attention from the science community. Here, we investigated the oxygen balance and its related risks in 391 global large cities (with a population of more than 1 million people) using the oxygen index (OI), which is the ratio of oxygen consumption to oxygen production. Our results show that the global urban areas, occupying only 3.8% of the global land surface, accounted for 39% (14.3 ± 1.5 Gt/yr) of the global terrestrial oxygen consumption during 2001-2015. We estimated that 75% of cities with a population more than 5 million had an OI of greater than 100. Also, cities with larger OI values were correlated with more frequent heatwaves and severe water withdrawals. In addition, cities with excessively large OI values would likely experience severe hypoxia in extremely calm weather. Thus, mitigation measures should be adopted to reduce the urban OI in order to build healthier and more sustainable cities.

The critical oxygen partial pressure (Pcrit), typically defined as the PO2 below which an animal's metabolic rate (MR) is unsustainable, is widely interpreted as a measure of hypoxia tolerance. Here, Pcrit is defined as the PO2 at which physiological oxygen supply (α0) reaches its maximum capacity (α; µmol O2 g−1 h−1 kPa−1). α is a species- and temperature-specific constant describing the oxygen dependency of the maximum metabolic rate (MMR=PO2×α) or, equivalently, the MR dependence of Pcrit (Pcrit=MR/α). We describe the α-method, in which the MR is monitored as oxygen declines and, for each measurement period, is divided by the corresponding PO2 to provide the concurrent oxygen supply (α0=MR/PO2). The highest α0 value (or, more conservatively, the mean of the three highest values) is designated as α. The same value of α is reached at Pcrit for any MR regardless of previous or subsequent metabolic activity. The MR need not be constant (regulated), standardized or exhibit a clear breakpoint at Pcrit for accurate determination of α. The α-method has several advantages over Pcrit determination and non-linear analyses, including: (1) less ambiguity and greater accuracy, (2) fewer constraints in respirometry methodology and analysis, and (3) greater predictive power and ecological and physiological insight. Across the species evaluated here, α values are correlated with MR, but not Pcrit. Rather than an index of hypoxia tolerance, Pcrit is a reflection of α, which evolves to support maximum energy demands and aerobic scope at the prevailing temperature and oxygen level.

In pandemic situation, due to infection causing virus like COVID-19, etc. It is mandatory to find out the people who affected by that virus and continuously track them and separate them at proper time and get them to the physical observations and provide the treatment. Above this is the real time practice and those who have affected with virus, will have the symptoms only after a couple of days and can have the possibility of spread around them. And requires a lots of service staffs to monitor them and manually get the readings from them like body temperature, oxygen level in blood, heart rate, etc. Which is more expensive and time-consuming process. We introduce a technology that eliminates the human service requirements and provides the necessary readings from the persons and get interaction with the virus-affected persons.

The repair and treatment of articular cartilage injury is a huge challenge of orthopedics. Currently, most of the clinical methods applied in treating cartilage injuries are mainly to relieve pains rather than to cure them, while the strategy of tissue engineering is highly expected to achieve the successful repair of osteochondral defects. Clear understandings of the physiological structures and mechanical properties of cartilage, bone and osteochondral tissues have been established, but the understanding of their physiological heterogeneity still needs further investigation. Apart from the gradients in the micromorphology and composition of cartilage-to-bone extracellular matrixes, an oxygen gradient also exists in natural osteochondral tissue. The response of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-mediated cells to oxygen would affect the differentiation of stem cells and the maturation of osteochondral tissue. This article reviews the roles of oxygen level and HIF signaling pathway in the development of articular cartilage tissue, and their prospective applications in bone and cartilage tissue engineering. The strategies for regulating HIF signaling pathway and how these strategies finding their potential applications in the regeneration of integrated osteochondral tissue are also discussed.

Mesat River, where a lot of garbage dumps from upstream residents. This study aims to provide information about the diversity of cyanobacteria microalgae in the Mesat river. This type of research is survey research, conducted in February-April 2020. Microalgae samples were taken from 3 different stations following the river flow. Based on the identification and analysis, the Cyanobacteria found in the Mesat River in Lubuklinggau City consisted of 1 class, 3 orders, 4 families, 4 genera, and 5 species. The highest diversity value was at station 1 at 0.18 and the lowest was at station 3 at 0.14. The highest dominance value at station 1 is 0.001 and the lowest is at station 2 at 0.0003. The highest uniformity value at station 1 was 0.166 and the lowest at station 3 was 0.088. Measurement of the abiotic factors in the Mesat river consisted of: an average temperature of 26.87 °C, an average oxygen level of 45.63 mg/L, an average acidity of 6.6 and an average brightness of 17.56 cm. The conclusion of this study is the diversity of the distribution of cyanobacteria microalgae in the Mesat river, the city of Lubuklinggau, in the medium category.

The off-gas characteristics of a ferromanganese furnace is largely determined by the behaviour of the manganese ore in the prereduction zone. There are two main features that determine the effect, being the oxygen level of the ore, and the kinetics of the reaction between the solid ore and the CO(g) in the furnace gas. Mass and energy balances were used to estimate the variations in off-gas characteristics, including amount, composition, and temperature, for various conditions that may occur in a prereduction zone. The investigated systems were the production of HC FeMn relying on Comilog- or Nchwaning-ore as the manganese source, respectively. Results obtained from laboratory investigations of the prereduction behaviour of the ores with varying particle size and CO/CO2 ratio in the reducing atmosphere were used as input to the calculations.

Pulse oximeter is a broadly utilized clinical estimation instrument and it is a non-intrusive and effortless test that actions oxygen immersion level in our blood that can undoubtedly distinguish little changes in oxygen. In the current Covid-19 circumstance, it has gotten essential to follow the oxygen level of numerous patients simultaneously distantly without getting into contact with the patient. The beat oximeter is planned utilizing infrared and apparent (red) light recognition from light that goes through a patient's finger from a producer. The retention will tell when blood is traveling through the finger and the amount of this is oxygen-rich So, in this undertaking, we construct a heartbeat oximeter utilizing MAX30100 Pulse oximeter and ESP8266 that will follow the Blood Oxygen even out and send the information by means of web by associating with a Wi- Fi organization. Thusly, we can screen numerous patients distantly by keeping up friendly distance with the patients. The got information will be appeared in oled show and blynk application This task can likewise be broadly utilized in ongoing obstructive aspiratory illness (COPD), asthma, pneumonia, cellular breakdown in the lungs, sickliness, coronary episode or cardiovascular breakdown, or in intrinsic heart absconds.

Epilepsy, a neurological disease, affects quite sixty-five million individuals all over the world. Epilepsy, a brain disorder, is characterized by intermittent seizures which are caused by disturbances in the electrical activity of the brain. These seizures will last from seconds to minutes and vary from an impaired consciousness up to severe convulsions of the whole human body. To reduce morbidity and mortality caused by epilepsy, real-time patient observation is essential to alert caretakers and to look after the emergency medications and give assistance. A wrist band monitors real-time biological parameters in cloud server whereas Myoware muscle sensor senses muscle contraction and SpO2 sensor measures pulse rate and oxygen level in the body. Databases are collected in the cloud server which helps doctor and caretakers to monitor patient’s health regularly. An Android app is used to alert caretakers and alarm is used to alert the surroundings for emergency help and medication.

This project allows a user to control all the types of equipment that controls the water quality, temperature, and water cleanliness. Using this project, the user can view the graphically visualized water data like water temperature, turbidity, ph level, oxygen level, and also the project handles all the automation works like filling the tank automatically and maintains the water temperature and also notifies the user if there are any change in data values. There are many scientific reasons involved in the growth of the fish. So the profit can be achieved easily by making use of some smart techniques; for achieving the growth rate of the fish, we need to maintain the correct PH level, DO level, temperature, and turbidity for good fish growth, well grown fish can be sold for a good price as the market rate is based on the weight and the size of the fish reared.

Today, the general situation worldwide is that the hospitals, sanatoriums and medical colleges are running out of beds, oxygen, medical staff, ventilators and other required paraphernalia that is mandatory for the treatment of the vicious pandemic [1]. The requirement is for a system that takes in some input parameters like Oxygen level of the patient, pulse rate and respiration rate and in turn predicts the Life Risk Rate of that patient [2]. The model used here is a fuzzy regression model that gives the prediction of Life Risk Rate between 1 and 10 units. The lower the predicted Life Risk Rate, the better the chances of survival of the Covid patient. But if the predicted Life Risk Rate is more than the mean of the observations of the Risk in the dataset, then immediate emergency is needed. The benefit of this system is that the patients requiring immediate admission and treatment can be filtered and medical aid in hospital be thereby provided for critical patients. Rest may be home quarantined and domestic medical aid may be given to them until in some unfortunate situation their Risk Rate is near alarming. This paper aims to provide some help in this crucial situation.

Summary The influence of oxygen level on brGDGT-based proxies was evaluated by studying GDGTs in three soil profiles with contrasting oxygen level.

This paper proposes a function that can interpolate real data as well as preserving the nature of the data. A rational cubic Bezier function expressed in terms of Ball control points and weights is presented. Four shape parameters are proposed which provides more freedom to the user to control the shape of the data. Sufficient conditions needed to preserve its positivity are presented. The degree of smoothness attained achieved $C$ 1 continuity. Three different real data are used in the application which are real data of oxygen level in gas, real data of a conductance obtained from experiments and real data consists of the output of a pressurizer inside a Pressurized Water Reactor. The output measures the water level of the pressurizer when the inputs which are the temperature and heat loss are varied. The results show that the proposed method managed to produce smooth interpolants as well as preserving the positivity of the data.

Mammalian cell culture has provided the foundation for the incredible expansion of cell biology to uncover the 'inner life of the cell'. The protocols for propagating cells in the laboratory have their origins in the mid-20th century. At that time the focus was on creating cell culture media that kept cells viable and favoured replicative growth. To the extent that oxygen level was considered as an important parameter, it was in the context of ensuring that oxygen was not depleted; the idea that environmental oxygen levels could be toxic was not widely appreciated. We increasingly understand that media composition and oxygen levels have important effects on cellular functions and that maintaining physiologically relevant conditions is necessary to maintain in vivo behaviours. We also understand much about the impact of growing cells that function in a 3D environment in 2D adherent monolayers. In this review, we examine some of the issues affecting standard cell culture approaches and new solutions that address these issues to increase the physiological accuracy of the cellular environment. We have reached a threshold in cell biology in which we know enough about the problems and their solutions to inform useful adjustments to protocols moving forward. This will increase the accuracy and translatability of this reductionist approach to understanding cell behaviours.

The aim of this work is to detect whether an individual has a Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD) or not by using Mamdani and Sugeno methods of Fuzzy Inference System (FIS). The data set used for this work consists of 1000 records from the pathology reports of Thyrocare, Suburban Diagnostics, Medall, SRL Diagnostics and Metropolis. The parameters considered for predicting whether the individual has CVD or not are blood pressure, blood sugar, heart rate and oxygen level in the blood (SPO2). The FIS outputs indicate (1) whether the individual has a CVD or not, (2) the risk level of CVD and (3) some primary level precautions depending on the risk level. Mamdani and Sugeno methods were evaluated by comparing them with the results of the pathology reports. The results show that the Sugeno method gives 2% more accuracy in predicting a CVD as compared to the Mamdani method. Sugeno FIS gives more dynamical values as compared to Mamdani FIS for different values of input which leads to higher accuracy of Sugeno FIS.

Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance in a redox system. It may involve either excessive production of reactive oxygen species or dysfunction of the antioxidant defense system. Unlike other viscera, the brain is especially highly susceptible to oxidative damage because of it requires a high oxygen level and contains an abundance of peroxida-tion-susceptible lipid cells. Oxidative stress is among the common etiological factors involved in neurodegeneration. To measure The extent of oxidative stress is measured with several indicators or biomarkers that are known to arise from oxidation of major biomolecules, including lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. In this review, we will discuss oxidative stress biomarkers associated with neurodegenerative diseases, for instance, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease. We will also highlight the biomarkers of antioxidant defense mechanisms that are impaired in these diseases.

Agonal factors, the conditions that occur just prior to death, can impact the molecular quality of postmortem brains, influencing gene expression results. Nevertheless, study designs using postmortem brain tissue rarely, if ever, account for these factors, and previous studies had not documented nor adjusted for agonal factors. Our study used gene expression data of 262 samples from ROSMAP with the following terminal states recorded for each donor: surgery, fever, infection, unconsciousness, difficulty breathing, and mechanical ventilation. Performed differential gene expression and weighted gene co-expression network analyses (WGCNA), fever and infection were the primary contributors to brain gene expression changes. Fever and infection also contributed to brain cell-type specific gene expression and cell proportion changes. Furthermore, the gene expression patterns implicated in fever and infection were unique to other agonal factors. We also found that previous studies of gene expression in postmortem brains were confounded by variables of hypoxia or oxygen level pathways. Therefore, correction for agonal factors through probabilistic estimation of expression residuals (PEER) or surrogate variable analysis (SVA) is recommended to control for unknown agonal factors. Our analyses revealed fever and infection contributing to gene expression changes in postmortem brains and emphasized the necessity of study designs that document and account for agonal factors.

Freediving relies on a diver's ability to hold his breath until resurfacing. Many fatal accidents in freediving are caused by a sudden blackout of the diver right before resurfacing. In this work, we propose a wearable prototype for monitoring oxygen saturation underwater and conceptualize an early warning system with regard to the diving depth. Our predictive algorithm estimates the latest point of return in order to emerge with a sufficient oxygen level to prevent a blackout and notifies the diver via an acoustic signal.

The majority of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) produced in the U.S. is planted shortly after the summer rains and subsequently depends on rain or artificial irrigation. Therefore, excessive precipitation and poor soil drainage will cause cowpea plants to suffer temporary waterlogging, reducing the submerged tissue's oxygen level. Although cowpea is sensitive to waterlogging, excessive moisture can induce several morpho-physiological changes with adverse impacts on yield in its early stages of development. The current study subjected 30 cowpea genotypes to 10-days of waterlogging at the seedling stage under a controlled environment. The dynamic changes of 24 morpho-physiological parameters under waterlogging and optimal water conditions were analyzed to understand cowpea's response to waterlogging. Significant waterlogging treatment, cowpea genotypes, and their interactions (P0.001) were observed for most of the measured parameters. The results indicated that plant height (PH), leaf area (LA), fresh (FW) and dry weight (DW) of cowpea genotypes were significantly decreased under waterlogging compared to the control treatments. Similar results were obtained for net photosynthesis (P

—The data on the influence of hypoxic hypoxia on the human ability to identify smells are presented. The study was conducted in male volunteers aged from 18 to 20 years without ENT disorders with low tolerance to hypoxia under the supervision of a physician. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test adapted for Russians was used to evaluate the ability to identify smells. Hypoxic hypoxia was simulated by breathing with a gas mixture containing 10.5% oxygen. The oxygen level in the blood was monitored by the degree of hemoglobin oxygenation measured with a digital portable pulse oximeter. The results of the study indicate that the human ability to identify smells is disturbed under a low concentration of oxygen in inhaled air (p ≤ 0.01). Such a reduction in olfactory memory may indicate a worsening of cognitive functions of the brain under acute hypoxic hypoxia in humans.

In this work, we present an oxygen-releasing insole to treat diabetic foot ulcers. The insole consists of two layers of polydimethylsiloxane: the top layer has selective laser-machined areas (to tune oxygen permeability) targeting the ulcerated foot region, while the bottom layer provides structural support and incorporates a chamber for oxygen storage. When loaded with a pressure of 150 kPa (average value for standing/walking), the insole is able to release oxygen at a rate of 1.8 mmHg/min/cm2. At lower sitting pressures, the delivery rate persists at 0.092 mmHg/ min/cm2, raising the oxygen level to an optimal healing value (50 mmHg) for a 2 × 2 cm2 wound within 150 min.

The water wealth in Colombia, the quality of its waters and the climate allow the artificial cultivation of fish or fish farming to be in frank development. This activity, whether handmade or industrial, must fulfill important aspects in relation to techniques and procedures. Water, an essential element for fish farming must be of quality and to achieve such property it is necessary to measure the variables “ph”, “dissolved oxygen” and “temperature”. The purpose of this work was to study the traditional procedure and then design a measurement monitoring system for these variables with the use of sensors, conditioning circuits, analog-digital conversion, generation of historical records and a user interface. The study was conducted in a pond for fish farming, gathering detailed information and selecting equipment and elements appropriate for the implementation of a new system. The design was done, device tests were performed and a user manual was developed. The result was a system capable of determining, visualizing and storing the results of the determining parameters in water quality. At the conclusion of the study, a pH / OD / temperature meter is obtained, with the ability to determine, visualize and store data. As a recommendation, the design of a meter calibration calendar is suggested.

This study compared parr from three strains of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss to examine intraspecific variation in metabolic traits, hypoxia tolerance and upper thermal tolerance in this species. At the strain level, variation in absolute aerobic scope (AAS), critical oxygen level (O2crit ), incipient lethal oxygen saturation (ILOS) and critical thermal maximum (CTmax ) generally exhibited consistent differences among the strains, suggesting the possibility of functional associations among these traits. This possibility was further supported at the individual level by a positive correlation between ILOS and O2crit and a negative correlation between O2crit and AAS. These results indicate that intraspecific differences in hypoxia tolerance among strains of O. mykiss may be primarily determined by differences in the ability to maintain oxygen uptake in hypoxia and that variation in aerobic scope in normoxia probably plays a role in determining the ability of these fish to sustain metabolism aerobically as water oxygen saturation is reduced.

Green gram is extremely vulnerable to insect attack during storage. Hermetic storage provides an important insect management strategy. We have conducted laboratory studies using hermetic bags like PICS®, Grain Pro®(GPB), SaveGrain®(SGB), Ecotact bags®(EHB), and conventional storage bags like White Polypropylene (WPB) and Jute Bags (JB). The insect used for the study was Pulse Beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis). Variables like moisture content, damaged grains, weight loss, and grain color were observed to assess the impact of storage for six months in the said bags. There is reduction in oxygen level for all hermetic bags under infested condition (6.4%) and non-infested (7.0%) condition from initial level of 20%. The grain moisture content and grain weight loss due to damaged caused by insects increased in WPB and Jute bags, but remains unchanged in hermetic bags. There was a significant (F6,14 = 2164; p

The purpose of the study was (1) to investigate the effects of regular long-term circuit training (once per week) on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in sedentary adults and (2) to compare training progress with the effects of continued exercise participation by regularly active age-matched individuals. Ten sedentary, middle-aged (51 ± 6 years) individuals (sedentary group, SG) of both sexes performed 32 weeks (1 training session/week) of supervised circuit training and 10 weeks of self-managed training. Effects were compared to an age-matched group (51 ± 8 years, n = 10) of regularly active individuals (active group, AG). CRF (expressed as peak oxygen uptake: VO2peak, peak power output: PPO) and systemic blood pressure (BP) during the incremental test were measured at the start and after the training intervention. CRF decreased significantly within the AG (VO2peak: 43.1 ± 7.3 vs. 40.3 ± 6.5 mL/min/kg, p &lt, 0.05, PPO: 3.3 ± 0.6 vs. 3.1 ± 0.6, p &lt, 0.05) but was maintained in the SG. In addition, significant improvements in restoration of the oxygen level in leg muscles after exercise and reduced systolic BP (180 ± 14 vs. 170 ± 17 mmHg, p = 0.01) at submaximal exercise were found within the SG. However, differences in changes from pre to post did not reach significance between groups. In contrast to the regularly active individuals, circuit training once per week over 32 weeks prevented the aging-related decline of CRF in previously sedentary subjects and reduced systolic BP during submaximal exercise, indicating improved exercise tolerance.

In order to control non-metallic inclusions and improve fatigue performance of gear steel, the relationship among total oxygen, inclusion size and fatigue properties of gear steel was investigated. In the work, Mn–Cr system gear steels with different total oxygen contents were selected as the research objects. Inclusions and fatigue properties of gear steels with different total oxygen contents were studied by using traditional metallographic method, extreme value method and fatigue test. The experimental results demonstrates that with the decrease of total oxygen content（i.e., 0.0013%→0.0010%→0.0005%）, the number of small-size oxide inclusions in the range of 5–10 μm decreases greatly, whereas the number of large-size oxide inclusions over 10 μm has relatively little change. Meanwhile, it is found that the change of total oxygen content in different ranges has different influences on the size of maximum size oxide inclusion and fatigue properties. Reducing the total oxygen content of gear steel from 0.0013% to 0.0010% decreases the inclusion size of maximum oxide inclusion and improves fatigue resistance of materials, but these benefits do not extend to a total oxygen level of 0.0005%. Accordingly, we can conclude that no evident linear correlation exists between total oxygen content and maximum inclusion size or between the total oxygen content and the fatigue performance.

A dramatic shift in microbial reefs occurred around the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary. Here we describe changes in the composition, construction, and texture of microbial reefs in the Zavkhan Terrane of Gobi-Altai Province, western Mongolia, during the late Ediacaran and early Cambrian. Stromatolites consisting of peloids, micritic clots, and homogeneous lime mud without calcified microbes (calcimicrobes) are characteristic of the upper Ediacaran (units 9 and 16A of the Zuun-Arts Formation). In contrast, abundant thrombolites with stromatolites occur in the lowest Terreneuvian (units 17A and 17 of the Bayan Gol Formation). These Cambrian microbial reefs are made up of micritic clots and homogeneous lime mud in close association with calcimicrobes including Korilophyton, Renalcis, and Tarthinia. The thrombolites and calcimicrobial reefs studied herein occur directly stratigraphically above strata that record a strong negative shift in δ13C values and are dominated by small shelly fossils; these are the earliest known calcimicrobial reef representatives of the Phanerozoic. These microbial reefs changed almost simultaneously with drastic fluctuations in environmental conditions (e.g., seawater chemistry, Ca concentration, carbonate saturation, and oxygen level). These changes would have been influenced by the evolution of calcimicrobes and skeletal metazoans across the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary. The present work provides crucial geobiological information on substantial shifts at the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary and how calcimicrobes and related textures appeared in tandem with the innovation of biomineralisation.

After birth, setting up an effective immune system is a major challenge for all living organisms. In this paper we show that this process can be explored by using the age-specific infant death rate as a kind of sensor. This is made possible because, as shown by the authors in Berrut et al. (2016), between birth and a critical age t c , for all mammals the death rate decreases with age as a smooth hyperbolic function. For humans t c is equal to 10 years. It turns out that for some causes of deaths and specific ages the hyperbolic fall displays temporary spikes which, it is assumed, correspond to specific events in the organism’s response to exogenous factors. One of these spikes occurs 10 days after birth and there is another at the age of 300 days. It is shown that the first spike is related to viral infections whereas the second is related to bacterial diseases. By going back to former time periods during which infant mortality was much higher than it is currently, one gets a magnified view of these peaks. They give us useful information about how an organism adapts to new conditions. Apart from the reaction to pathogens, the same methodology can be used to study the response to changes in other external conditions, e.g. temperature or oxygen level.