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Behavior change interventions that incentivize desired behavior are highly effective for improving personal health, but difficult to maintain long term. Relapse is common and examining the mechanisms that contribute to relapse in experimental settings can identify processes relevant to substance abuse treatment. We developed a laboratory task that parallels a recent operant model of relapse after incentivized choice reported in the rodent laboratory. In two experiments, undergraduate participants first learned to make an operant response (keyboard button; R1) to earn a reinforcer consisting of an image of a preferred snack food (O1). In a second phase (Phase 2), R1 was still reinforced, but a new response (R2) was introduced and reinforced with a different reinforcer (a coin; O2). In a test phase, contingent incentives for R2 were removed (extinction) and relapse of R1 was assessed. Experiment 1 found that the O2 contingency suppressed R1 during Phase 2, and R1 relapsed rapidly in the test. Neither effect was consistently related to O2 value. Experiment 2 examined whether noncontingent presentations of O1 or O2 during the test could weaken relapse. Here, we found that noncontingent reinforcers did little to reduce or slow the increase in R1 responding. The present experiments highlight a laboratory approach to studying variables that may influence relapse after incentivized treatment. We identify and discuss areas for development to address differences between the present results and prior observations from animal and clinical studies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

An increasing number of data-driven decision aids are being developed to provide humans with advice to improve decision-making around important issues such as personal health and criminal justice. For algorithmic systems to support human decision-making effectively, people must be willing to use them. Yet, prior work suggests that accuracy and privacy concerns may both deter potential users and limit the efficacy of these systems.We expand upon prior research by empirically modeling how accuracy and privacy influence intent to adopt algorithmic systems. We focus on an algorithmic system designed to aid people in a globally-relevant decision context with tangible consequences: the COVID-19 pandemic. We use statistical techniques to analyze surveys of 4,615 Americans to (1) evaluate the effect of both accuracy and privacy concerns on reported willingness to install COVID-19 apps; (2) examine how different groups of users weigh accuracy relative to privacy; and (3) we empirically develop the first statistical models, to our knowledge, of how theamountof benefit (e.g., error rate) anddegreeof privacy risk in a data-driven decision aid may influence willingness to adopt.

The distribution of personal health records (PHRs) via a cloud server is a promising platform as it reduces the cost of data maintenance. Nevertheless, the cloud server is semi-trusted and can expose the patients’ PHRs to unauthorized third parties for financial gains or compromise the query result. Therefore, ensuring the integrity of the query results and privacy of PHRs as well as realizing fine-grained access control are critical key issues when PHRs are shared via cloud computing. Hence, we propose new personal health records sharing scheme with verifiable data integrity based on B+ tree data structure and attribute-based signcryption scheme to achieve data privacy, query result integrity, unforgeability, blind keyword search, and fine-grained access control.

People manage many aspects of their lives online through digital devices such as smartphones. However, the ability for people to manage their healthcare digitally has not yet been fully realised. Patient portals are secure online links that offer patients convenient and constant access to their personal health records. Evidence has suggested that patient portals can enhance patients' engagement in their own care and support them to manage any long-term conditions. This article describes the introduction of a patient portal at Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. The article outlines the process of implementation and discusses the lessons learned, which may be of value to other organisations.

Ultrathin, soft, flexible and stretchable sensors offer good opportunity to design personal health diagnosis and treatment systems by fabricating wearable biomedical devices for continuous health monitoring and preventive medicine. This paper summarizes the recent advances of flexible sensors for next generation biomedical applications. Materials used for flexible sensors are first briefly introduced. Followed to this part, the latest developments of flexible sensors for biomedical applications are discussed in detail, including flexible sensors for skin-attached devices and implantable devices. Finally, the challenges and future research directions of flexible sensors are also discussed in the development of biomedical devices.

Penurunan kasus covid 19 mendukung pengaktifan kembali pembelajaran tatap muka. Sejak belajar dari rumah lingkungan sekolah kurang mendapatkan perhatian. Selain itu selama belajar di rumah anak lebih terpapar dengan teknologi yang berdampak pada pengaruh negative tentang narkotika, bullying dan berita-berita hoaks. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah tercipta Kembali sekolah sehat dan seluruh siswa memahami tentang hukum. Kegiatan dilakukan dengan metode penyuluhan dan melakukan praktik langsung dalam penerapan sekolah sehat dan taat hukum. Pelaksanaan dilakukan selama satu bulan di SDN 62 Kabupaten lebong Provinsi Bengkulu. Sasaran dari kegiatan ini adalah siswa/i SD 62. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan adanya perubahan perilaku siswa seteah dilakukan edukasi, siswa juga ikut berperan serta dalam menciptakan lingkungan sekolah yang sehat, menjaga kesehatan diri selama pandemi. Di bidang hukum siswa mengetahui bahaya narkotika serta hukuman bagi pengguna dan pengederanya. Selain itu siswa juga memahami bahwa bullying merupakan salah satu tindakan criminal. Cara agar tidak terpengaruh berita hoak dan tidak ikut serta dalam menyebarkan berita hoaks. Sebaiknya kegiatan ini terus dilakukan secara berkala agar sekolah tetap sehat dan siswa nya taat akan hukum.

With the advent of the Internet of things (IoT), billions of devices are expected to continuously collect and process sensitive data (e.g., location, personal health factors). Due to the limited computational capacity available on IoT devices, the current de facto model for building IoT applications is to send the gathered data to the cloud for computation. While building private cloud infrastructures for handling large amounts of data streams can be expensive, using low-cost public (untrusted) cloud infrastructures for processing continuous queries including sensitive data leads to strong concerns over data confidentiality. This article presents C3PO, a confidentiality-preserving, continuous query processing engine, that leverages the public cloud. The key idea is to intelligently utilize partially homomorphic and property-preserving encryption to perform as many computationally intensive operations as possible—without revealing plaintext—in the untrusted cloud. C3PO provides simple abstractions to the developer to hide the complexities of applying complex cryptographic primitives, reasoning about the performance of such primitives, deciding which computations can be executed in an untrusted tier, and optimizing cloud resource usage. An empirical evaluation with several benchmarks and case studies shows the feasibility of our approach. We consider different classes of IoT devices that differ in their computational and memory resources (from a Raspberry Pi 3 to a very small device with a Cortex-M3 microprocessor) and through the use of optimizations, we demonstrate the feasibility of using partially homomorphic and property-preserving encryption on IoT devices.

PurposeThis study aims to examine the impact of social media (SM) on the creation of digital entrepreneurship by female (irrespective of age) and youth male (aged 18–29 years) entrepreneurs, investigate if SM empowers those entrepreneurs and compare the empowerment characteristics between female and youth male entrepreneurs before and after starting their businesses.Design/methodology/approachSelf-assessment questionnaires were collected from a sample of 408 Egyptian female and youth male digital entrepreneurs from Greater Cairo, whose businesses had been operating for more than one year.FindingsThe research showed the following four results: Of the surveyed entrepreneurs, 95% asserted that without SM, they would not have started their businesses. Female and youth male entrepreneurs are empowered both on personal and relational levels, and women’s empowerment is more evident in the latter. Before digital entrepreneurship, youth males have significantly higher averages than female entrepreneurs in almost all empowerment characteristics, whereas after digital entrepreneurship, female entrepreneurs have significantly higher averages in making decisions related to investment, personal education and personal health, as well as those of other household members. Female entrepreneurs are relatively more empowered than youth males after digital entrepreneurship when each group is compared with its initial status.Originality/valueThis study’s originality stems from using a large sample of entrepreneurs, including youth males, not just females; employing a more structured, comprehensive measure of empowerment than found in the literature because it included the rarely used psychological dimension; considering more than one SM tool and comparing empowerment of females to that of youth males.

Auscultation methods allow the non-invasive diagnosis of pathological conditions (e.g., of the lung, heart or blood vessels) based on sounds that the body produces (e.g., breathing, heartbeat, swallowing or the blood flow). Through regular homebased examinations and Big Data combined with Machine learning techniques like Deep Learning, these could help detect diseases in an early stage, thus preventing serious health conditions and subsequently ensuring optimal therapy through continuous monitoring. This paper presents BODYTUNE, a novel inexpensive multi-auscultation system that aims at providing a tool for establishing a baseline of audio signal derived classification parameters that could be used for the self-monitoring of personal health for everybody through the analysis of deviations from that baseline. In the future, Big Data analysis could additionally lead to prediction and early detection of disease events.

A paucity of data in school children generally, and in non-Western schools specifically, related to health, school performance, and practice of meditation necessitated this study. The fact that almost no prior research of this type has been conducted in Latin America makes the present investigation especially worthwhile. This mostly quantitative study was carried out with 91 randomly selected school children, ranging in age from 11 to 16 years, in a remote Peruvian town in the central Andean mountains called Huay-Huay. Using a 47-question, paper-and-pencil instrument to ask students about their experience with meditation in four categories (i.e., physical health, cognitive health, emotional health, and school performance), this observational study considered whether or not the practice of meditation had a self-reported impact on student personal health and academic life, and if so to what extent. Data indicate that a majority of children in Huay-Huay reported benefits across all measures, and these were apparently stronger when students practiced meditation more regularly. Qualitative reports support these conclusions. Gender and grade level did not appear to influence this outcome. La escasez de datos en los niños en edad escolar en general, y en las escuelas no occidentales específicamente, relacionados con la salud, el rendimiento escolar y la práctica de la meditación, requirió este estudio. El hecho de que casi ninguna investigación previa de este tipo se haya realizado en América Latina hace que la presente investigación sea especialmente valiosa. Este estudio, en su mayoría cuantitativo, se llevó a cabo con 91 escolares seleccionados al azar, con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 16 años, en un remoto pueblo peruano en las montañas centrales de los Andes llamado Huay-Huay. Utilizando un instrumento de papel y lápiz de 47 preguntas para preguntar a los estudiantes sobre su experiencia con la meditación en cuatro categorías (es decir, salud física, salud cognitiva, salud emocional y desempeño escolar), este estudio observacional consideró si la práctica de la meditación tuvo un impacto autoinformado en la salud personal y la vida académica de los estudiantes y, de ser así, en qué medida. Los datos indican que la mayoría de los niños en Huay-Huay reportaron beneficios en todas las medidas, y estos aparentemente fueron más fuertes cuando los estudiantes practicaron la meditación con más regularidad. Los informes cualitativos apoyan estas conclusiones. El género y el nivel de grado no parecieron influir en este resultado. A escassez de dados em crianças em idade escolar em geral, e em escolas não ocidentais especificamente, relacionados à saúde, desempenho escolar e prática de meditação exigiu este estudo. O fato de quase nenhuma pesquisa anterior desse tipo ter sido realizada na América Latina torna a presente investigação especialmente válida. Este estudo principalmente quantitativo foi realizado com 91 escolares selecionados aleatoriamente, com idades entre 11 e 16 anos, em uma remota cidade peruana nas montanhas andinas centrais chamada Huay-Huay. Usando um instrumento de papel e lápis de 47 perguntas para perguntar aos alunos sobre sua experiência com a meditação em quatro categorias (ou seja, saúde física, saúde cognitiva, saúde emocional e desempenho escolar), este estudo observacional considerou se a prática de a meditação teve um impacto auto-relatado na saúde pessoal e na vida acadêmica do aluno e, em caso afirmativo, em que medida. Os dados indicam que a maioria das crianças em Huay-Huay relatou benefícios em todas as medidas, e estes foram aparentemente mais fortes quando os alunos praticavam meditação com mais regularidade. Os relatórios qualitativos apóiam essas conclusões. Sexo e nível escolar não parecem influenciar este resultado.

Background: Depression is the largest contributor to non-fatal health loss globally and the majority of this burden occurs in low- and middle-income countries. Yet, estimates of prevalence rates and severity in these contexts may be uncertain due to limited screening, lack of mental health providers, and stigma around mental disorders which may prevent individuals from seeking care. In Guatemala, estimates of depression vary, due in part to the range of screening and diagnostic instruments used and diversity of sample populations. Most studies emphasize personal experiences with violence as a predictor of depression in Guatemala, although high rates of inequality, discrimination, and resource scarcity in the country potentially play a role. Aims: In this study, we examine factors associated with depression severity categories measured with the Personal Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) among a random sample of women in a small urban community in the Central Highlands of Guatemala. Methods: Participants were recruited through a randomized sample of households in a small urban community. Participants completed a questionnaire which included questions on demographics, illness history, food insecurity, and the PHQ-9. In total, 101 women were included in the analysis. Results: Food insecurity, 2-week symptom reporting, and experiencing susto are associated with higher depression severity categories. Conclusion: This research highlights need for more research on factors related to the prevalence and severity of mental disorders, and the relationship between mental disorders and cultural constructs of distress, particularly in areas like Guatemala with limited mental health services.

Objective Preconception and prenatal carrier screening is designed to provide reproductive risk information, but carriers for some autosomal recessive or X-linked conditions also have personal health risks. This study investigated the prevalence of and inclusion of personal health implications in pre- and post-test counseling. Methods Twelve genetic conditions with personal health risks for carriers included on carrier screening panels but not otherwise screened routinely were identified (e.g., Gaucher disease with Parkinson's disease risk). A retrospective review was performed of patients with a positive carrier screen for one of these conditions at our center from 2012-2019. Results Of 6,147 individuals that had carrier screening for one of the twelve conditions, 96 (1.56%) did not report a known family history and screened positive for one of the conditions. Testing was ordered largely by reproductive endocrinologists (51.0%) and genetic counselors (35.4%). Most individuals did not receive pre- (96.8%) or post-test (64.6%) counseling about personal health risks. Post-test counseling was performed principally by genetic counselors (97.1%). For carriers of conditions with guidelines for specialist referral, most individuals (75.9%) were referred. Conclusion Expanded genetic carrier screening increasingly identifies individuals with personal health implications, but patients are frequently not counseled before or after testing. These findings stress the importance of developing guidelines for practitioners about expanded carrier screening counseling and follow-up. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Fibers and textiles play key roles in the development and day-to-day activities of human society. Innovations related to flexible electronics-smart fibers and textiles with sensing, thermal regulation, and energy management capabilities-have drawn great interest from both academic and industrial communities. Smart fibers and textiles are anticipated to revolutionize personal health management due to their manifold features and capabilities, providing the foundation for many intelligent wearables. In this Perspective, we provide a brief overview of recent advances in the design and fabrication of smart fibers and textiles for health management applications, focusing primarily on those with sensing, thermal regulation, and energy management functions. We describe the existing challenges and opportunities and propose future development directions.

Introduction The early COVID‐19 pandemic rapidly transformed healthcare and medical education. We sought to evaluate the professional and personal impact of the pandemic on 2019–2020 Breast Surgical Oncology (BSO) fellows in Society of Surgical Oncology approved programs to capture the experience and direct future changes. Methods From July 15, 2020 to August 4, 2020 a survey was administered to the American Society of Breast Surgeons' fellow members. The survey assessed the impact of the pandemic on clinical experience, education/research opportunities, personal health/well‐being, and future career. Responses were collected and aggregated to quantify the collective experience of respondents. Results Twenty‐eight of fifty‐seven (54%) eligible fellows responded. Twenty‐one (75%) indicated the clinical experience changed. Twenty‐seven (96%) reported less time spent caring for ambulatory breast patients and sixteen (57%) reported the same/more time spent in the operating room. Fourteen (50%) stated their future job was impacted and eight (29%) delayed general surgery board examinations. Stress was increased in 26 (93%). Personal health was unaffected in 20 (71%), and 3 (10%) quarantined for COVID‐19 exposure/infection. Conclusion The COVID‐19 pandemic altered the clinical experience of BSO fellows; however, the operative experience was generally unaffected. The creation of frameworks and support mechanisms to mitigate potential challenges for fellows and fellowship programs in the ongoing pandemic and other times of national crisis should be considered.

Although it has become easier for individuals to track their personal health data (e.g., heart rate, step count, and nutrient intake data), there is still a wide chasm between the collection of data and the generation of meaningful summaries to help users better understand what their data means to them. With an increased comprehension of their data, users will be able to act upon the newfound information and work toward striving closer to their health goals. We aim to bridge the gap between data collection and summary generation by mining the data for interesting behavioral findings that may provide hints about a user’s tendencies. Our focus is on improving the explainability of temporal personal health data via a set of informative summary templates, or “protoforms.” These protoforms span both evaluation-based summaries that help users evaluate their health goals and pattern-based summaries that explain their implicit behaviors. In addition to individual-level summaries, the protoforms we use are also designed for population-level summaries. We apply our approach to generate summaries (both univariate and multivariate) from real user health data and show that the summaries our system generates are both interesting and useful.

This study was conducted to determine the nursing student’s lifestyle in the areas of the behavioral wheel (Mental Health, Family and Social Health, Nutritional Health, Physical Fitness / Health, Disease and Disorder, Control of Substance Abuse, Growth and Development, Safety and First Aid, Consumer and Personal Health, Community and Environmental Health) using an adopted and modified survey-questionnaire. Results showed that: most of the nursing students were level 1, female, with average income, and good academic standing; they have a very high manifestation of healthy lifestyles in the areas of Family and Social Health, Control of Substance Abuse, and Consumer and Personal Health; high manifestation of healthy lifestyles in the areas Mental Health, Growth and development, Safety and First Aid, Community and Environmental Health, and Disease and Disorder; moderate manifestation of healthy lifestyles in the areas: Nutritional health and Physical Health. Results also showed that the nursing students have significant differences in their manifestation of healthy lifestyles for areas Growth and Development, Nutritional Health, Safety, and First Aid, and Community and Environmental Health when they were grouped according to gender; have significant differences in their manifestation of healthy lifestyles for all areas of the behavioral wheel when grouped according to economic status - income; have significant differences in their manifestation of healthy lifestyles for areas Mental Health, Nutritional Health, Disease and Disorders, and Safety and First Aid when grouped according to year level; and lastly have significant differences in their manifestation of healthy lifestyles for areas in the areas: Mental Health, Nutritional Health, Safety, and First Aid, and Disease and Disorders when grouped according to academic standing.

Churches serve as a source of connection and support for spiritual wellbeing. More recently, church communities recognize the importance of extending support beyond spirituality and taking a holistic approach that includes mental and physical health. How each church goes about providing support varies among denominations and the needs of their communities. This exploratory study examines how churches of various denominations in the Tri-City region (Pomona, La Verne, and Claremont) of Los Angeles County perceive the seriousness of COVID-19, their responses to the pandemic, and the potential impact on their congregations. Results indicated that the majority (84%) of spiritual community participants view COVID-19 as a threat to personal health, and are taking steps to minimize the threat to their congregations' health and surrounding communities. Implications for church leadership to consider when planning continued operations and congregant support in response to COVID-19 are discussed.

Drilling operation is considered an extremely high-cost business within the petroleum industry. The cost of drilling fluid represents 15–30% of drilling operations. Measurements of all drilling mud properties were conducted in aged and fresh conditions. Furthermore, high pressure and temperature (HTHP) API filtration experiments were executed, as well. The findings were used as a reference comparative point for three concentrations of peanut shell powder (PSP) to comprehend the influence of various concentrations of PSP on the characteristics of spud mud. The findings of this experimental research revealed that the cheap and biodegradable PSP can be exploited as a new multi-role additive to develop filtration and viscosity under surface and sub-surface conditions. Moreover, the study findings demonstrated the suitability of PSP to replace or at minimum substitute traditional and non-degradable chemicals used in the petroleum industry (e.g., lignosulfonate, chrome-lignosulfonate, resinex, etc.). In addition to the benefit of using PSP as a multifunctional additive, it is cheap, easy to prepare, locally available and attainable in large quantities, and friendly to the environment. In summary, PSP has a possibility to be applied in the oilfield as it withstood 79 °C (175 °F) temperature and 30 h of aged time. The application of PSP in the drilling process can mitigate the detrimental impacts of the non-biodegradable conventional chemical materials on personal health safety and the environment in addition to decreasing the overall cost.

Vaccination is a key protective factor against COVID-19. Some vaccines have already received emergency authorization from Health Agencies, but growing skepticism and vaccine hesitancy will probably affect COVID-19 vaccination campaigns. In the attempt to shed light on this issue, we conducted an online survey in a population of parents referring to 4 pediatric practices in Naples, Italy in whom we evaluated potential vaccine acceptability in relation to socio-demographic characteristics, perception of personal health and of the impact of COVID-19, and attitudes toward general vaccination practices. Vaccination rates were analyzed also in the corresponding pediatric population. Almost 27% of participants declared they were in favor of vaccinations, and in fact real life vaccination rates in children exceeded the national mean. Only 26.5% of respondents declared they would receive COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccine refusal was attributed to safety concerns in 76% of parents. Specific vaccine attributes further reduced the acceptance rate. Female gender, younger age and lower education level were associated with non-adherence to vaccination. Among extrinsic factors of COVID-19 vaccination, only information from National Health Authorities was significantly associated to vaccine acceptance. The rate of potential COVID-19 vaccine acceptability was very poor in our population of parents. Vaccine hesitancy was mainly due to safety concerns. Demographic and educational factors were correlated to vaccine acceptability. Health education and communication strategies are needed to achieve large-scale vaccine acceptability and finally herd immunity.

Chemistry is essential to individual and societal well-being, yet publics tend to express less interest in chemistry compared to other science fields, and many scholars have highlighted the need for more research on effective chemistry communication and informal learning outcomes. Here, we describe one strand of a collaborative, multiyear study, working with science museums to test what kinds of content can improve interest in, perceived relevance of, and self-efficacy concerning chemistry among publics. Building on the results of our museum collaborators’ findings from their tests of hands-on chemistry activities, we designed experiments testing the effects of four types of chemistry content: (1) chemistry concepts in general without mention of an application, (2) chemistry applications in everyday life, (3) chemistry applications in societal issues, and (4) each of these types of content but with connections to other science fields beyond just chemistry. To test the effects of these different content areas, we designed three survey-embedded experiments. One experiment we designed to replicate the content of the museums’ hands-on activities more directly. The other two then expanded on the museums’ findings across different focus areas (e.g., chemistry in food or health applications), one with chemistry-only information and one with chemistry alongside other science fields, to try to extend the results of the museum findings to new content. In all experiments, respondents who were randomly assigned information focused on applications in everyday life tended to be significantly more likely to report positive outcomes in interest, relevance, and self-efficacy in chemistry more broadly, relative to the other conditions. Information focused on broader societal applications was consistently less successful in comparison. We discuss the implications of these findings for furthering chemistry communication and education across publics and formats.

Durante os anos de 1881 e 1885, Nietzsche teve as primeiras intuições, escreveu e publicou a obra Assim falou Zaratustra. No presente texto, nos deteremos às circunstâncias que ladearam este acontecimento tendo como base as correspondências que o filósofo escreveu para várias pessoas no período. Serão abordados apenas os momentos iniciais nos quais se retrata o Zaratustra, quando o pensador alemão destaca a relação sempre presente nas missivas, entre pensamento e natureza; estabelece proximidade entre o ato de escrever, atividade que ele entendia como tarefa, ao pensamento e a vida. Nietzsche avaliou também os seus problemas pessoais de saúde e ao mesmo tempo, o da debilidade coletiva, o que exigia uma “ajuda a si mesmo”, para enfrentar tanto as enfermidades pessoais, como aquelas impostas pela vida gregária. A arte, nas suas diversas manifestações, mas, sobretudo a música figuraram como meios educativos e curativos, através dos quais ele pode buscar impulso para criar, para ser um soldado, capaz de dar vida a uma obra pujante, como o Zaratustra. Um livro sério e alegre, gestado dentro de uma ambiência particular e social na qual era necessário transformar “o sofrimento em ouro”.

Bevezetés: Az egészséggel kapcsolatos értékek formálásához a társadalom minden tagja hozzájárul: az egyének, a közösségek, a munkahelyek, továbbá az oktatási színterek is. A gyermekkorban formálódó egészségmagatartás jelentős hatással van az egyén későbbi életére, valamint kulcsszerepet játszik a lakosság egészségi állapotának javításában. A közösségbe kerüléssel a család, mint elsődleges szocializációs színtér mellett a pedagógusok saját magatartási mintájukkal döntő befolyással bírnak a gyermekek egészségkultúrájára. Direkt oktató és nevelő tevékenységük mellett, a viselkedésükkel nagy befolyással bírnak a tanulók egészségmagatartásának alakításában. Módszertan: 2019. márciusa és novembere között végeztünk kvantitatív, leíró jellegű keresztmetszeti felmérést 14 szegedi középiskola pedagógusai körében, célzott mintavétellel (N = 200). Az adatgyűjtés online módon zajlott, a kitöltés önkéntes és anonim volt. Az adatgyűjtés eszköze saját szerkesztésű kérdésekből összeállított kérdőív volt. IBM SPSS Statistics Version 25.00 szoftver segítségével leíró statisztikai elemzés mellett khí-négyzet-, Mann–Whitney U- és Kruskal–Wallis-próbát végeztünk 95%-os valószínűségi szinten (p < 0,05). Eredmények: Az egészségnevelési attitűd vonatkozásában több szociodemográfiai kapcsolat is igazolódott: a nők pontosabban írják le az egészség fogalmát (p = 0,02) és tudatosabbak az egészségnevelés területén (p = 0,023), az egyedülállók magasabb pontszámra értékelik iskolai egészségnevelési aktivitásukat (p < 0,001). Az iskolatípus meghatározónak bizonyult az egészség megfogalmazásában (p = 0,011), a személyes egészséggel kapcsolatos példaadásban (p = 0,001) és a tervszerű egészségnevelési aktivitás vonatkozásában (p < 0,001) egyaránt, a szakgimnáziumi pedagógusok körében tapasztalt jobb eredményekkel. Az egészségnevelési aktivitása azoknak jobb, akiknél nem fordul elő rohamivás (p = 0,025). A válaszadók 11%-a nem fogalmazta meg saját egészségnevelési tevékenységét, miközben több, mint egyharmaduk azt jóra vagy nagyon jóra értékelte. Az egészség lelki/társas dimenzióját a résztvevők 25%-a nem említi válaszaiban. Következtetések: A kutatás eredményei rávilágítottak arra, hogy a válaszadó pedagógusok többségének egészségfogalma nem komplex, többen nem érzik kompetenciájuknak a diákok egészségnevelését. Azonban fontos lenne ezen a területen segítséget nyújtani tanároknak a jogszabályi elvárásoknak való megfelelésen túl az indirekt nevelő hatás és a saját jóllétük érdekében egyaránt.

Background Paid employment has been shown to benefit childless women’s health, while employed mothers experience poorer health, and more pronounced fatigue. This study measures the association between job characteristics and the health and well-being of employed mothers and the differential susceptibility to job characteristics between coupled and single-parent mothers. Methods We used data from the 5th Portuguese National Health Survey from 1649 employed women (aged 25–54) living with a child under 16. We modelled depression (assessed by the Personal Health Questionnaire-8) and self-reported health as a function of job characteristics, adding interaction terms to compare coupled and single-parent mothers, using logistic regressions. Results Working part-time was associated with depression (odds ratio (OR) = 3.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.31–3.48) and less-than-good health (OR = 1.28, 95%CI = 1.26–1.31), compared to working full time. Compared to high-skill jobs, the likelihood for depression among low-skill occupations was lower among coupled mothers (OR = 0.25, 95%CI = 0.24–0.26), and higher among single-parent mothers (OR = 1.75, 95%CI = 1.54–1.99). Unstable jobs were associated with depression among coupled mothers. Conclusions Part-time jobs are detrimental for mothers’ mental health, but high-skilled jobs are protective for single-parent mothers. Part-time and unstable jobs are linked to poorer self-reported health among coupled mothers. Results question the gendered arrangements that may face employed coupled mothers.

Mobile phones are necessary information tools for people in all walks of life, and people use it to meet their general and special needs. People living with human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) use the technology to meet their health information needs. The aim of this study was to examine the use of mobile phone to support personal health care management by HIV/AIDS clients in three selected Antiretroviral Therapy Centres in South Western Nigeria. Data was collected from 362 PLWHA aged 18 years and above using a questionnaire. Very often, many respondents used mobile phones to encourage and comfort another HIV/AIDS client that they know, learn new HIV/AIDS services and get health educational materials. They also use mobile phones very often to seek advice on health issues from any sources. Most of the phone calls cited by the respondents include calls with nurse (61.0%). The largest proportion of phone calls received by the people living with HIV/AIDS came from their families/relatives (82.9%), while treatment partners were next (62.4%). Dedicated mobile applications to connect PLWHA with health care givers will contribute immensely in strengthening interaction between health care providers and PLWHA.

The use of health apps on mobile devices by healthcare providers and receivers (patients) is proliferating. This has elevated cybersecurity concerns owing to the transmittal of personal health information through the apps. Research literature has mostly focused on the technology aspects of cybersecurity in mobile healthcare. It is equally important to focus on the ethical and regulatory perspectives. This article discusses cybersecurity concerns in mobile healthcare from the ethical perspective, the regulatory/compliance perspective, and the technology perspective. The authors present a comprehensive framework (DeTER) that integrates all three perspectives through which cybersecurity concerns in mobile healthcare could be viewed, understood, and acted upon. Guidance is provided with respect to leveraging the framework in the decision-making process that occurs during the system development life cycle (SDLC). Finally, the authors discuss a case applying the framework to a situation involving the development of a contact tracing mobile health app for pandemics such as COVID-19. © 2021 IGI Global. All rights reserved.

Recently, wearable electronics for health monitoring have been demonstrated with considerable benefits for early-stage disease detection. This article reports a flexible, bending-insensitive, bio-compatible and lightweight respiration sensor. The sensor consists of highly oriented carbon nanotube (HO-CNT) films embedded between electro-spun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) layers. By aligning carbon nanotubes between the PAN layers, the sensor exhibits a high sensitivity towards airflow (340 mV/(m/s)) and excellent flexibility and robustness. In addition, the HO-CNT sensor is insensitive to mechanical bending, making it suitable for wearable applications. We successfully demonstrated the attachment of the sensor to the human philtrum for real-time monitoring of the respiration quality. These results indicate the potential of HO-CNT flow sensor for ubiquitous personal health care applications.

For medical schools, the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated examination and curricular restructuring as well as significant changes to clinical attachments. With the available evidence suggesting that medical students’ mental health status is already poorer than that of the general population, with academic stress being a chief predictor, such changes are likely to have a significant effect on these students. This online, cross-sectional study aimed to determine the impact of COVID-19 on perceived stress levels of medical students, investigate possible contributing and alleviating factors, and produce recommendations for medical schools to implement during future healthcare emergencies. The majority (54.5%) of respondents reported levels of stress ranging from moderate to extreme. Higher levels of stress were significantly associated with female gender (p=0.039) and international status (p=0.031). A significant association was also noted between reported stress and the transition to online learning (p

Objective: Health information-seeking is an essential component of health-related behavior and decision-making. Access to personal health records (PHRs), offered by healthcare providers, is an essential tool to access health information. However, little is known about predictive factors of use of PHRs as a medium of health information among women. In this study, we explored health information-seeking’s decision processes through PHRs among middle-aged and older women susceptible to developing breast cancer. Methods: We used data from the 2014 Health Information National Trends Survey in the United States and employed a 2-part Hurdle model. The study sample included 1159 women aged 40 to 75 years. Results: The Hurdle estimation found that health information-seeking through PHRs consists of 2 distinct decision processes: (1) the use of PHRs and (2) the frequency of use; different sets of factors are associated with each decision process. Women’s demographic characteristics were found to be the primary factors for PHR use. In contrast, socioeconomic factors, salience, self-efficacy, and general health status were more likely to be the main factors affecting the frequency of use. Conclusions: Based on the findings, providing greater access to PHRs to women, particularly those with health needs or concerns, should be considered by policymakers. Additionally, the issue of the digital divide in PHR use should be addressed.

Digital health technologies have changed the healthcare sector landscape and thus generated new opportunities for collecting, storing and accessing electronic personal health information (ePHI). Ho...

The outbreak of the COVID-19 coronavirus infection that has spread throughout the world has had a major impact on the health of the global community, including mental health. Stress that arises during the COVID-19 pandemic could be in the form of fear and anxiety about personal health and the health of other loved ones, changes in sleep and diet patterns, aggravating physical conditions, especially in someone with chronic illness. This activity is one solution that is expected to broaden the audience's insight about maintaining the mental health of families during the COVID-19 pandemic. This activity is carried out through CISCO WEBEX Meeting media. The outputof this activity was the increase of level of knowledge of the audiences 37.5%, the publication of activities on youtube media and publication articles in a journal.

The Government of the Republic of Indonesia has issued Presidential Decree of the Republic of Indonesia number 11 of 2020 concerning the Determination of the 2019 Corona Virus Disease Public Health Emergency (COVID-19). In this Presidential Decree, the President designated Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a type of disease that causes a Public Health Emergency. As well as establishing a Public Health Emergency for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-l9) in Indonesia, which must be made in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations. In addition to issuing Presidential Decree number 11 of 2020, the government also issued Government Regulation 21/2020 concerning Large-Scale Social Restrictions in the context of Accelerating the Management of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19). PP 21 of 2020 concerning Large-Scale Social Restrictions in the context of the Acceleration of Handling of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) regulates the Implementation of Large-Scale Social Restrictions stipulated by the Minister of Health and can be carried out by the Regional Government based on the approval of the Minister of Health. One of the efforts to maintain health is by applying personal hygiene so as not to become a carrier of the virus for other people. Based on WHO recommendations as well as the Surabaya City PSBB, residents are asked to implement PHBS according to WHO recommendations. This PKM is more functioned to provide information back to the public regarding PHBS efforts in accordance with WHO recommendations for maintaining personal health. It is hoped that with the implementation of this activity, the residents of the orphanage will be more aware of personal hygiene and also apply health protocols in their daily lives so that they can break the chain of transmission of Covid 19.

Single walled carbon nanotubes have special chemical and physical properties, at the same time, they have the advantage of macro maneuverability in maneuverability, so they have the potential of multi-functional applications. At present, composite materials, super capacitors and corresponding personal care products based on carbon nanotubes are widely used in all aspects of people’s lives, and these products have obvious functional advantages. In this paper, based on the application of single-walled carbon nanotubes technology in personal care products, the separation and purification of ginsenoside pods, the raw material of high-end washing and care products, was studied. In order to enhance the conductivity and tensile strength of SWNTs, this paper innovatively introduces the purification method of current acid treatment to enhance the performance of SWNTs. Based on the improved single-walled carbon nanotubes technology, the extraction efficiency of the optimized single-walled carbon nanotubes was analyzed. In the end of this paper, the optimized extraction method of ginsenoside pods from SWNTs is compared with the traditional extraction method. The experimental results show that SWNTs has obvious time efficiency advantage.

Purpose This study aims to explicate the behavioral factors that determine willingness to share personal health data for secondary uses. Design/methodology/approach A theoretical model is developed and tested with structural equation modeling using survey data from Finland. Findings It is shown that attitude toward information sharing is the strongest factor contributing to the willingness to share personal health information (PHI). Trust and control serve as mediating factors between the attitude and willingness to share PHI. Research limitations/implications The measures of the model need further refinement to cover the various aspects of the behavioral concepts. Practical implications The model provides useful insights into the factors that affect the willingness for information sharing in health care and in other areas where personal information is distributed. Social implications Sharing of PHI for secondary purposes can offer social benefits through improvements in health-care performance. Originality/value A broad-scale empirical data gives a unique view of attitudes toward sharing of PHI in one national setting.

This paper aims to design reasonable exercise goals dynamically to help achieve weight loss effectively. To provide reasonable guidance for daily exercise, the personal health data based behavioral analytics framework is proposed. Then, a regulatory mechanism is utilized to avoid the abnormal effect of unreasonable goals. The parameters of the utility function, which describes the decision-making process, are estimated by the inverse optimization method. The impacts of bounds of daily steps are simulated. The results show that weight loss cannot be achieved when the step goal does not match personal ability. In addition, the designed adaptive regulatory mechanism for the step goal has a positive effect on the promotion of daily exercise.

Japan's leaders began 2020 with grand ambitions to make it a historic year. Tokyo was set to welcome the world for the Summer Olympics, Japan's first since 1964, and Abe Shinzō, the powerful prime minister, planned to realize his party's 65-year-old dream: revising Japan's never-amended, US-drafted 1947 constitution. By spring, however, it was clear that COVID-19 had other plans. Despite public health outcomes better than in any other G7 member, daily life was severely disrupted, and the domestic political and economic fallout for Japan was significant. By late summer, circumstances were improving, but both Abe's popularity and his personal health had suffered. He resigned in September, ending the longest prime-ministership in Japanese history. Though COVID-19 and the end of the Abe Era were the major storylines of Japan in 2020, a subplot was, paradoxically, remarkable continuity in national politics and foreign affairs. © 2021 by The Regents of the University of California.

Based on the CFPS micro database, the influence direction and degree of the number of brothers and sisters on the income of the sample after adulthood were analyzed, and the heterogeneity between urban and rural areas, between men and women, different marital status and different birth years was analyzed. Studies have shown that the effect of the number of brothers and sisters on the income level after adulthood is significantly negative, that is, with the increase of the number of brothers and sisters owned by individuals, the income level of individuals after adulthood will decrease significantly, and the personal income level will fall by about 1663 yuan per year. The effect of the number of siblings on individual income level is significantly different between urban and rural areas and between samples of different birth years, as follows: for each additional sibling, the reduction of income level in urban areas is 972 yuan more than that in rural areas; the reduction of income level born before the implementation of the one child policy is 1067 yuan more than the after ones. This paper does not find that the influence of the number of brothers and sisters on personal income level is significantly different between men and women and between different marital states. The effect of the number of brothers and sisters on the level of personal income is that more brothers and sisters occupy family resources, reduce the education level of individuals, and disperse the care of parents, which makes the personal health condition worse.

PURPOSE: Patients are frequently asked to share their personal health information. The objective of this study was to compare the effects on patient experiences of 3 electronic consent (e-consent) versions asking patients to share their health records for research. METHODS: A multi-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted from November 2017 through November 2018. Adult patients (n = 734) were recruited from 4 family medicine clinics in Florida. Using a tablet computer, participants were randomized to (1) a standard e-consent (standard), (2) an e-consent containing standard information plus hyperlinks to additional interactive details (interactive), or (3) an e-consent containing standard information, interactive hyperlinks, and factual messages about data protections and researcher training (trust-enhanced). Satisfaction (1 to 5), subjective understanding (0 to 100), and other outcomes were measured immediately, at 1 week, and at 6 months. RESULTS: A majority of participants (94%) consented to future uses of their health record information for research. No differences in study outcomes between versions were observed at immediate or 1-week follow-up. At 6-month follow-up, compared with the standard e-consent, participants who used the interactive e-consent reported greater satisfaction (B = 0.43; SE = 0.09; P

This paper examined an intention-behavior gap in individuals' personal health records (PHRs) adoption behaviors using Ajzen's theory of planned behavior (TPB) that incorporates social factors. Using structural equation modeling, the authors analyze the health information national trends survey data. The research found that all of the constructs, except for perceived behavioral control (PBC), shape intentions to use PHRs. However, PBC only predicts actual use. Individuals who have higher intentions tend to believe that healthcare providers should be able to share their patients' PHRs with other professionals and that scientists should be able to review de-identified patient PHRs. Individuals who perceive that a need exists for privacy control over their own health information tend to have higher intentions. The moderating social factors between intentions and actual behaviors are healthcare accessibility and being female, while education (positively) and employment (negatively) have significant relationships with actual use of, but not with intentions to use, PHRs. Future research needs to explicate why the moderating effect revolves around gender.

Background. Primary care residents are expected to provide lifestyle counseling and preventive services for patients with chronic diseases; also, physicians’ personal lifestyle practice impacts patient care. The purpose of this article is to assess healthy lifestyle behaviors and attitudes to engage in lifestyle counseling and preventive services among residents and fellows in different training levels and specialty. Methods. A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted on medical residents and fellows (n = 57). Surveys collected information on lifestyle behaviors and perceptions of lifestyle counseling and preventive services. Comparisons of study measures were made across residents’ specialty and training levels. Fisher’s exact and analysis of variance tests were used for statistical analysis. Results. There were several significant differences in perceptions of counseling and screening by specialty and training level. There were no significant differences in personal lifestyle behaviors between all resident specialties and training levels. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that there are opportunities to improve healthy lifestyle behaviors and perceptions of lifestyle counseling and preventive services among residents in different specialties and training levels. This knowledge can inform development of training programs in lifestyle and preventive medicine practice during residency and fellowship.

Hydrogels are natural or synthetic polymeric networks, insoluble in water, or sometimes found as colloidal gel where the dispersion medium is water. Hydrogels can absorb approximately 90% water and are regarded as superabsorbent materials; hence these resemble the natural living tissues more than any other biological- based materials. Because of their ability to absorb water, they are used to investigate the properties of swollen polymer networks and have wide applications in different fields such as contact lenses, drug delivery systems for proteins, and many others. To make them biodegradable, labile chemical bonds are introduced in the main backbone through crosslinking. These unstable bonds can then be broken down by various agents chemically, physically, or enzymatically, generally by hydrolysis or through some controlled parameters. Hydrogels are frequently used in the medical field. For instance, pH and temperature-sensitive hydrogels may be used in the targeted drug delivery which have been explained in detail in the current review. The other applications of hydrogels are also explained with regard to personal health care products, biomedical, bio-separation, wound healing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery, etc., which make them promising materials in pharmaceutics. They are also used in agriculture and environmental remediation. The purpose of this review is to expose their salient features and biomedical applications.

Objectives: The study evaluates and compares the level of understanding of Healthy Living Aspect among the school-children residing in urban and rural areas, as an outcome of secondary-level physical education. Methods: For the study, 400 children (200 from rural areas and 200 from urban areas) studying in standard IX & X were selected to participate in the study. The standardized questionnaire of healthy living was used as a tool for the study. The quantitative data collected from the questionnaire were then analyzed and interpreted using the inferential t-test with a significance of p

Technology has changed the way we approach medical care: health data is constantly being generated, medical discoveries are progressing more rapidly, and individuals are more connected across the world than ever before. Backpack Health is a global personal health record platform that harnesses the power of technology to connect users to their primary health data sources, the medical community, and researchers. By syncing with existing patient portals, health data can be stored on the Backpack Health platform and easily accessed and controlled by users in one connected interface. Individuals manage and collate their current and past conditions, genetic test results, symptoms, medications, procedures, labs, and other health data. Users are empowered to disseminate their information to clinicians, researchers, foundations, and pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies they connect with through the Backpack Health application. Here, we describe how two rare disease advocacy groups, The Marfan Foundation and Project Alive, utilize Backpack Health to connect with their target populations. Through secure transfer of pseudonymized data, groups can query their members to improve understanding of clinical features and to facilitate meaningful research. Responses to the groups' surveys show strong member engagement with high completion rates and increases in new Backpack Health users when surveys are deployed. Data from these surveys have been published and used to better inform clinical outcomes for treatment trials. By connecting users directly to the foundations, clinicians, researchers, and industry partners working on their condition, Backpack Health is instrumental in fast-tracking medical discoveries and treatment for rare diseases.

Background: National implementation of electronic personal health record (ePHR) systems is of vital importance to governments worldwide because this type of technology promises to promote and enhance healthcare. Although there is widespread agreement as to the advantages of ePHRs, the level of awareness and acceptance of this technology among healthcare consumers has been low. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the factors that can influence the acceptance and use of an integrated ePHR system in Saudi Arabia. Method: The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model was extended in this study to include e-health literacy (e-HL) and tested using structural equation modelling. Data were collected via a questionnaire survey, resulting in 794 valid responses. Results: The proposed model explained 56% of the variance in behavioural intention (BI) to use the integrated ePHR system. Findings also highlighted the significance of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence (SI) and e-HL as determinants of Saudi healthcare consumers’ intentions to accept and use the integrated ePHR system. Additionally, assessment of the research model moderators revealed that only gender had a moderating influence on the relationship between SI and BI. Finally, findings showed a low level of awareness among Saudi citizens about the national implementation of an integrated ePHR system, suggesting the need to promote a greater and more widespread awareness of the system and to demonstrate its usefulness. Conclusion: Findings from this study can assist governments, policymakers and developers of health information technologies and systems by identifying important factors that may influence the diffusion and use of integrated ePHRs.