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This paper aims to investigate the equivalent of Epicurus’ πρόληψις, the second criterion of the Epicurean Canonic (DL X 31 = fr. 35 Usener), in Lucretius’ De rerum natura (DRN). Taking stock of the several occurrences of the Latin terms notitia and notities in the six books of the poem, I show that Lucretius’ view about preconception remains faithful to Epicurus’ πρόληψις, and that the poet does not endorse a less empiricist position than his Master because of some influence of the Stoic ἔννοια. To this end, I will also briefly address an important case in which πρόληψις, albeit not clearly mentioned, plays an essential role, namely the prolepsis of the deity (DRN V 1169–1182). Finally, I explain how Lucretius can be of some help in grasping the controversial relationship between the criterion of πρόληψις and that of ἐπιβολὴ τῆς διανοίας (animi inectus/iactus), showing in which way the poet seems to consider the latter as a criterion of truth in its own right.

Based on the extraordinary profusion of marks of intensity in L’histoire de Manon Lescaut et du chevalier des Grieux, we will analyse the different communicative functions of intensi!cation in Prévost’s novel based on its inscription in a speci!c discursive context, so as to end the relationship between such linguistic operation and several, more speci!c narrative strategies. Thus, it will be examined the relationship with the register of the pathetic that crosses the XVIII century literary genres, as well as the semantic-pragmatic values of the intensive consecutive construction and the effects of “genericity” noted by Adam (2011) in relation to other discursive genres. To conclude, it will be analysed the intensi!cation strategies in the novel, destined to capture the interest of the reader and to generate humorous situations. : Nous prenons comme point de départ l’extraordinaire profusion des marques d’intensité insérées dans L’histoire de Manon Lescaut et du chevalier des Grieux a!n d’analyser leurs différentes fonctions communicatives en tenant compte de leur inscription dans un contexte discursif déterminé pour étudier ensuite leur rôle dans quelques stratégies narratives spéci!ques. Nous nous intéressons d’abord à la relation entre l’intensité et le registre pathétique qui traverse les genres littéraires au XVIII siècle, puis aux valeurs sémantico-pragmatiques de la construction consécutive intensive et aux effets de généricité signalés par Adam (2011) pour d’autres genres de discours. Finalement, nous analysons les stratégies d’intensi!cation mises en œuvre dans le roman a!n de capter l’intérêt du lecteur et de générer des situations plutôt humoristiques.

Prolepsis tristis (Walker, 1854) (Figure 14) Genus distribution in Mexico. Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (Papavero 2009). Species distribution in Mexico. Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, and Nayarit (Papavero 2009). New records. Oaxaca * (Dominguillo), Puebla *, and Tabasco * (Huimalquillo). Material examined. MEXICO: Oaxaca, Dominguillo 19 km SSE de Cuicatlán [Tropical Deciduous Forest], 17°38.907′ N, 96°54.703′ W, 760 m, 20/ix/1998, E. Ramírez (1♂ EBCC); same data, except: 23/ vi/1998, E. González (1♀ EBCC); San Pedrito Chicozapotle 4 km SSE de Cuicatlán [Tropical Deciduous Forest], 17°46.331′ N, 96°56.671′ W, 670 m, 16/x/1998, E. González (1♀ EBCC); 30 km SSE de Cuicatlán [Tropical Deciduous Forest], 17°36.489 N, 96°55.996 W, 1220 m, 21/ix/1998, E. Ramírez (1♂ EBCC). Puebla, Carretera Cuautla-Huajuapan, 31/viii/1990, A. Cadena and L. Cervantes (1♀ CNIN). Tabasco, Huimanguillo, Laguna Limones, 20/viii/1982, H. Mendoza (1♀ CNIN)., Published as part of Estrada, Alejandro & Nápoles, Jesús Romero, 2020, New distribution records of Asilidae (Insecta: Diptera) for Mexico, pp. 1-13 in Insecta Mundi 2020 (783) on page 6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5458908, {"references":["Papavero, N. 2009. Catalogue of the Neotropical Diptera: Asilidae. Neotropical Diptera 17: 1 - 178."]}

Case, agreement, and A-movement dependencies across finite clause boundaries, such as Hyperraising (to subject or object) or Long-Distance Case or Agreement [LDA], are available in many typologically diverse languages. The research on such dependencies typically distinguishes between cross-linguistically restricted true A-dependencies across finite clauses, and generally available binding-like A′-dependencies as found in Prolepsis. In this paper, we investigate both types of configurations in parallel and refer to this as the A-domain. Since the diagnostics to distinguish A-configurations vary across languages and often cannot be compared directly, we define four characteristic properties: (A) whether the construction is restricted by matrix predicate selection, (B) whether movement in the embedded clause is involved, (C) whether the dependency shows locality restrictions (in particular, A-Minimality), and (D) whether there are semantic restrictions on the relevant DP. By combining different values of the characteristic properties, we show, differently from previous approaches, that the A-domain does not simply consist of two types of configurations, but that the empirical landscape represents a continuum of five A-constructions. We suggest a theoretical implementation of our empirical findings, which is built on a predicational relator phrase above the embedded CP and propose that, in some of the constructions, these two projections fuse into one. We employ a minimalist probing approach which relies on differences in the base-generated position of the relevant DP (matrix clause, high in the embedded clause, argument position in the embedded clause), differences in the feature composition of the embedded C (a plain A′-head, or a bundled predicational C head involving composite A/A′ probes), a composite probe hierarchy yielding three types of feature-dependencies of composite probes, and, resulting from that, different probing mechanisms (conjunctive satisfaction, dependent satisfaction, and independent satisfaction). Lastly, this paper also contributes methodological tools for disentangling constructions of the A-domain.

Prolepsis – or the narrative manoeuver consisting of narrating or evoking a future event in advance – is a concept borrowed from literary theory that has been used in Psychology for studying the contribution of culture and meaning to development. Cole applies the notion of prolepsis to upbringing insofar as parents’ imagined goals vis-à-vis their offspring guide their educational childrearing, thus channelling the child’s present towards the parents’ imagined future. This view coincides with cultural psychology in that humans are considered as future-oriented beings, constructing cultural tools that mediate the way we interpret the world and act within it. Drawing from this theoretical framework, this paper applies the notion of prolepsis to collective memory in order to examine how imagined futures are brought into the present by means of particular ways of reconstructing the past, thus mobilizing collectives towards certain political goals. Along these lines, the narrative, pragmatic and normative dimensions of collective memory are discussed. The paper concludes with some reflections on the role of politics of imagination in promoting different ways of relating past, present and future.

In one of the first analyses of its kind, this chapter examines how the tools and heuristics of narratology (the study of narrative) might enhance the study of anticipation. It assesses whether narratological insights into the ways in which stories narrate and readers read might enable us to tell better stories about the future and at the same time to become better readers of the possible worlds that such stories anticipate. Investigating the theory and praxis of anticipation across a broad temporal range of possible (fictional) and actual (real) world models and narratives (from antiquity to postmodernity), it scopes some of the pitfalls and possibilities opened up by treating the future as “storied.” It engages with the latest studies on cognitive narratology, possible world’s theories, and so-called future narratives, examining anticipatory narratives particularly relating to the environment and to the self. It argues that the stories we tell about the future, including our future selves, must be open, multi-linear, and multidimensional in order to avoid anticipatory backshadowing, which forecasts the future as a continuation of the past and present.

Literary scholars and English teachers will recognize the word prolepsis as a term describing the moment in a short story or novel when the reader becomes fully cognizant of past, present, and future events all in one instant. This is a moment of heightened insight, transcending historical sedimentation. " A proleptic moment is any experience " of a text that shifts the reader/viewer/listener outside of " linear segmentation of time and creates a holistic understanding of the past, present, and future simultaneously " (Slattery, 2013, p. 305). Prolepsis is the moment when all of the events of the narrative coalesce. The proleptic experience may unfold in the opening pages of a novel like the progressive moment of currere, as in Faulkner's (1929/1990) The Sound and the Fury. Or, perhaps the proleptic experience is a regressive currere or climax at the end of a film or narrative that is self-evident but not comprehended, as in Murder on the Orient Express. As a literary device, often called a " flash forward, " the narrative is taken forward in time to show events that are expected to occur, or that have already occurred in the future, even though the main part of the narrative is further back in the past. Prolepsis as literary analysis foreshadowed the emergence of currere in curriculum theory in the 1970s. Currently, literary analysis can be useful for deepening our understanding of time and context in curriculum studies. Prolepsis is the synthetical moment of Pinar and Grumet's (1976) currere.

Alors que toutes les langues romanes connaissent les deux types de topicalisation à gauche : le topique suspendu (HT, dans les propositions principales) et la dislocation gauche (LD, dans les propositions principales et les subordonnées), quelques dialectes occitans (et peut-être quelques dialectes italiens) se distinguent en présentant aussi un topique suspendu enchâssé. Cet article met en évidence les difficultés soulevées par les analyses antérieures, notamment celle de Sauzet (1989) qui suppose qu’un rôle prédicatif spécifique légitime ce type de topique et celle de Lahne (2005) qui postule que le topique n’est pas enchâssé. Nous montrons que, en Occitan, la tête fonctionnelle la plus à gauche (FORCE° de Rizzi 1997) porte un trait (déclaratif) fort qui attire le DP topicalisé dans la périphérie gauche de la proposition. La force de ce trait est ainsi paramétrée, ce qui permet de faire des prédictions typologiques intéressantes. Occitan Topicalisation Strategies Though Romance languages are rather uniform in that they display two types of left-sided topicalizations: Hanging Topic (HT, main clauses) and Left Dislocation (LD, main and embedded clauses), some Occitan (along with some Italian) dialects depart from this pattern and allow for HT to be embedded. We point out the drawbacks of the theories where such topics are taken to be licensed by a specific predicative role (Sauzet 1989) or not to be embedded (Lahne 2005), and show that Occitan leftmost functional head (Rizzi’s 1997 FORCE°) is endowed with a strong feature attracting topical DP (possibly a declarative feature). The strength of this feature is parameterized and makes interesting typological predictions.

In his article "Blanchot's Impossible Kafka" Antoine J. Polgar challenges Maurice Blanchot's theory of the impossibility and futility of writing as applied to Kafka's struggles with the demands of writing and life. Polgar questions Blanchot's claims on the basis of close readings of the texts of Kafka's texts and explores traces of correspondence between the life and the texts yet unmentioned in Kafka scholarship. Referring to Blanchot's focus on survival as a metaphor for writing in a meta-commentary on the writer's facticity and the contingency to which literary creation is consigned, Polgar comments on the intense bio-critical interest — which the scholar is cautioned against and often ignores — in Kafka's lived experience. According to Polgar, if "the disaster" is the truth outside literature, Blanchot's theory that the impossibility of writing defines a philosophy of writing is a thought lacking in equivalence.