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This article explores the reasons behind the high economic and social rankings for Finland. It also refl ects on why Finland is considered the “happiest” country in the world (according to a World Happiness Report). Using empirical data from two studies – an article comparing high-andlow-tax countries, and the aforementioned recent World Happiness Report – it compares Finland with its Nordic neighbours and other Western, especially Anglo-American, countries. The essay outlines a so-called “Finnish model’ and looks for the roots of this model. Comparing measures in several dimensions – effort, culture, institutions, and economic and social outcomes – the essay tries to find characteristics that are particular for Finland. Education, innovation, and economic security, as well as trust, gender equality, resilient conflict solutions, and geo-historical luck, are crucial to Finland’s success. Three notable Germans – Luther, Hegel, and Marx – have influenced Finnish culture and society in different ways. Is Finland the country that comes closest to the ideal – “From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs” (Marx, 1875).

The literature on the geography of subjective well-being largely converges in pointing out the occurrence, at least in developed countries, of an urban/rural divide: people living in the most urbanized regions tend to be significantly less satisfied than those living in rural areas. This paper aims at reassessing this statement by taking into consideration an important aspect, frequently overlooked in the literature, i.e. people-based characteristics. Individuals are not alike and may differently experience and appreciate the advantages and disadvantages of urbanisation. Characteristics such as the level of education, the type of occupation and, more generally, the income level can mediate the capacity to reap urbanisation advantages (as the accessibility to advanced services and diversified job markets) and mitigate urbanization disadvantages (such as cost of living and congestion). Additionally, but based on the same reasoning, more educated and affluent individuals (negatively) value distance from top rank centres more than less educated and affluent ones. We test and prove these propositions in a study on the subjective well-being of more than 250,000 individuals living in European cities, defined as NUTS3 regions, in the period 2004-2010.The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11205-022-02946-1.

Materialism has been recognized as an important variable in postmodern societies; however, most of the studies on this concept have focused on the adult population. The aim of the present study is to determine the possible association between materialism and life satisfaction, and the possible mediating role of attitudes towards money and peer influence in this association, in a sample of Chilean adolescents. A sample of 1325 Chilean secondary school students completed a questionnaire measuring materialism, attitudes in regards with money, susceptibility to peer influence, and satisfaction with life. First, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to validate the scalers. Secondly, a theoretical model was tested using Hayes (2013) SPSS macro, PROCESS. The theoretical model included materialism as the predictor variable, satisfaction with life as the predicted variable, and attitudes towards money and susceptibility to peer influence as mediator variables. Results indicate that materialistic attitudes regarding money strengthens a negative relation between materialism and satisfaction with life. This tendency is not observed in susceptibility to peer influence despite being positively associated with materialism and attitudes regarding money. These findings suggest that the variables materialism and attitudes regarding money play a relevant role in the life satisfaction of Chilean adolescents. Resumen El materialismo se ha reconocido como una variable importante en sociedades posmodernas, sin embargo, la mayor parte de los estudios respecto a este concepto se han centrado en población adulta. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar la posible asociación entre materialismo y satisfacción con la vida, y el posible rol mediador de las actitudes hacia el dinero y la influencia de pares en dicha asociación, en una muestra de adolescentes chilenos 1325 estudiantes de secundaria completaron un cuestionario que media materialismo, actitudes hacia el dinero, susceptibilidad a la influencia de pares, y satisfacción con la vida. En primer lugar, se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio para validar las escalas utilizadas. En segundo lugar, se probó un modelo teórico utilizando la macro PROCESS de SPSS de Hayes (2013). El modelo teórico consideró materialismo como variable predictora, satisfacción con la vida como variable predicha, y actitudes hacia el dinero, y susceptibilidad a la influencia de pares como variables mediadoras. Los resultados indican que actitudes materialistas hacia el dinero fortalecen una asociación negativa entre materialismo y satisfacción con la vida. Esta tendencia no se observa en susceptibilidad a la influencia de pares a pesar de estar asociada positivamente con materialismo y actitudes hacia el dinero. Estos Hallazgos sugieren que las variables materialismo y actitudes hacia el dinero juegan un rol relevante en la satisfacción con la vida de adolescentes chilenos.

This article represents perceptions of youths’ subjective wellbeing (further SWB) mainly focusing on the evaluations of their happiness and satisfaction with life. Youth SWB is an underdeveloped field of research in Lithuania. It is even more obvious that science lacks research on the SWB of young people based on a territorial approach. Youth SWB research are important because they not only reveal the aspects and problems of the current life of this social group, but also highlights the expectations, fears associated with the future. The research object – subjective wellbeing of youth. The aim of the article is to reveal the attitudes and tendencies of youth SWB in Lithuania by emphasizing territorial peculiarities. The data from European Social Survey Round 9 (2018) were used to assess youth SWB in Lithuania and compared with ESS Round 4 (2008). The sample of the study is young people aged 15 to 29 years. There were used common research methods for this study: comparative analysis, statistical analysis, graphical representation. Research findings support previous scientific works results that youth perceive and value their SWB on the basis of a multiple factors, SWB evaluations differ according to specific age group. The results have shown that the assessment of the SWB of youth following their age groups is not very low and territorial differences are not large.

Job loss is a significant income shock that can lead to declines in living standards and satisfaction. Wealth can provide a key resource in stratifying the risk and the consequences of such an event. In this article, I examine the extent to which wealth stratified the experience of job loss in the UK from 1991 to 2008. I distinguish between different wealth groups using information on homeownership and home value of primary residency, and then study whether these groups face different risks and/or consequences of job loss. The results show that renters were a significantly disadvantaged group compared to homeowners during the observation period. Not only did they faced a significantly higher risk of job loss, they also experienced greater declines in earnings, household income, and life satisfaction, and larger increases in income poverty in the year of job loss. Among homeowners, the risk and consequences of job loss were similar. In a country like the UK with minimal public insurance for unemployment, homeownership appears to provide a significant source of stratification for job loss.

In der Forschung zum Buddhismus im Westen blieben asiatische Migrant*innen lange unbeachtet. So auch die gegenwärtig rund 15.000 thailändischen Heiratsmigrantinnen in der Schweiz, die oft mit existenziellen Problemen, Einsamkeit und sozialer Isolation zu kämpfen haben. Die Autorin richtet den Fokus auf den Wunsch der Frauen nach einem besseren Leben, auf die Schwierigkeiten, denen sie im Migrationskontext begegnen, und auf die Religiosität als Konstante zur Bewältigung ihres Alltags in der Fremde. Damit legt sie eine Studie zur Migrationsforschung, zu lokalem religiösem Pluralismus und zur Bedeutung von Religion im Leben Einzelner vor, die sich nicht nur an Akademiker*innen, sondern auch an ein breiteres Publikum richtet.

Māszinības Veselības aprūpe Nursing Studies Health Care Nokļūšana periodā, kad sācies tā sauktais pusmūžs rodas subjektīvas labsajūtas izmaiņas ikvienai sievietei. Mēs cilvēki esam uz emocijām, vērtībām un uzskatiem balstītas personas, kas pie katrām pārmaiņām jūtas atšķirīgi. Tādēļ “labsajūta” ir faktors, kas ietekmē mūsu labklājību gan pozitīvos gan negatīvos apstākļos. Šī darba mērķis bija noskaidrot sieviešu subjektīvo labsajūtu postmenopauzes un menopauzes periodā. Pētījumā tika izmantots darba autores radīts pētījuma instruments – anketa. Tika aptaujāti 384 respondenti. Kvantitatīvā pētījuma dizains - neeksperimentāls šķērsgriezuma aprakstošs pētījums, kurš tiek pielietots e – vidē. Secinājumi Sievietes subjektīvo labsajūtu menopauzes un postmenopauzes periodā saistīta ĶMI un dzīvesveida paradumi. Getting into a period when so called middle-age has begun, subjective changes in wellbeing occur in every woman. We humans are individulas who are based on emotions, values and beliefs, who feel impacted by every change. Therefore, wellbeing is a factor that affects our wellness, both in positive and negative ways. The aim of this work was to clarify the subjective wellbeing of women during postmenopausal and menopausal periods. The study used a study tool created by the author of the work - a questionnaire. It was necessary to collect 384 respondents to accomplish a qualitative study. The design of a quantitative study - a non-experimental crossectional descriptive study that is applied online. Conclusion Womans wellbeing during the menopause and postmenopausal period is influenced by BMI and lifestyle habits.

Previous studies about health in prisons conclude that incarceration has detrimental consequences for physical and mental health. It is associated with weight gain, decreased fitness, increased cardiovascular risks, and increased risks for mental illnesses, like depression and anxiety. This article examines the relationships between sports activity and health developments among prisoners. We analyze data from the Hessian Prison Sports Study, conducted in 12 prisons of the federal state of Hesse, Germany. Based on quantitative survey data of 568 prisoners in regular custody, our empirical findings show that inmates perceive substantial health declines since incarceration. They report substantial decreases in general health (d=-0.52) and life satisfaction (d=-0.84) as well as an increased number of health problems (d=0.71). However, sport has a potential to buffer this decline of health. Prisoners engaged in sports report a less negative development of their health compared to inactive prisoners. The greater the amount of time spent with sports activities, the better are the health trajectories found. Findings add to the public health and prison sport literature by demonstrating health benefits of sporting activities in a vulnerable population group that almost inevitably is exposed to manifold strains and burdens.

Social Emotional Learning (SEL) curriculums aim to support student well-being by teaching emotional management skills and promoting supportive relationships. While some research has been done on the short-term effects of SEL, there has been very little research on the long-term effects of SEL on students. This study compares an SEL group, composed of 60 students from three NYC high schools who receive SEL instruction their sophomore - senior years, to a control group of 60 students from the same high schools who have a study hall period instead of SEL instruction. The effectiveness of SEL on long-term life satisfaction is studied by having each participant complete the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) monthly their freshman year through 5 years after graduating. It is hypothesized that students who receive SEL instruction will have significant increases in their SWLS scores over time compared to the control group and to their past scores. This project is part of a class assignment at Vassar College, completed for educational purposes only.

Copyright © 2022 Rationale: Research exploring social, cultural, and economic capital among people with dementia is scarce. Objective: We describe levels of social, cultural, and economic capital in people with dementia at baseline and levels of social and cultural capital 12 and 24 months later. We identify groups of people with dementia having different combinations of capital and explore whether the identified groups differ in personal characteristics at baseline and in quality of life (QoL), satisfaction with life (SwL), and well-being over time. Method: Baseline, 12-months, and 24-months data from 1537 people with dementia (age, mean = 76.4 years; SD = 8.5; Alzheimer's Disease = 55.4%) enrolled in the IDEAL cohort were analyzed. Social (interactions with friends, civic participation, social participation, neighborhood trust, social network), cultural (education, cultural participation) and economic (annual income) capital, QoL, SwL, well-being, and personal characteristics were assessed. Results: Compared to people their age, people with dementia reported slightly lower frequency of interactions with friends, social networks and social support, civic and cultural participation, education, and annual income. However, social engagement, cultural participation, and annual income are low among British older adults. Latent profile analysis identified four groups that, based on their levels of social, cultural, and economic capital were named socially and economically privileged (18.0% of participants); financially secure (21.0% of participants); low capital (36.9% of participants); and very low capital (24.1% of participants). Latent growth curve models showed that over time QoL, SwL, and well-being remained largely stable for all groups. Compared to the low capital group, the socially and economically privileged and financially secure groups had higher QoL and well-being whereas the group with very low capital had poorer QoL, SwL, and well-being. Conclusions: New policies and efforts from the government, philanthropic foundations, the voluntary and primary care sectors are needed to address social, cultural, and economic disadvantage among people with dementia. Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) through grant ES/L001853/2. Alzheimer's Society, grant number 348, AS-PR2-16-001.

Personality seems to be a stable predictor of satisfaction with life and meaning in life. The effects of emerging adulthood are currently under-explored. The aim of the present study is to explore whether the characteristics of emerging adulthood explain additional variance in satisfaction with life and meaning in life that is not explained by the Big Five factors. The sample involved 244 Slovak university students (13.1% men), who completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale, Meaning in Life Questionnaire, Big Five Inventory-2 and the Questionnaire of Emerging Adulthood characteristics. The results of linear hierarchical regression analyses, controlling for age and gender, showed that emerging adulthood characteristics added 6.4% of the explained variance in satisfaction with life, 28.1% of the explained variance in presence of meaning and 17.1% of the explained variance in search for meaning. The current study shows that the emerging adulthood characteristics are important for satisfaction with life and meaning in life.

While the benefits to mood and well-being from passionate engagement with music are well-established, far less is known about the relationship between passion for explicitly violently themed music and psychological well-being. The present study employed the Dualistic Model of Passion to investigate whether harmonious passion (i.e., passionate engagement that is healthily balanced with other life activities) predicts positive music listening experiences and/or psychological well-being in fans of violently themed music. We also investigated whether obsessive passion (i.e., uncontrollable passionate engagement with an activity) predicts negative music listening experiences and/or psychological ill-being. Fans of violently themed music (N = 177) completed the passion scale, scale of positive and negative affective experiences, and various psychological well- and ill-being measures. As hypothesised, harmonious passion for violently themed music significantly predicted positive affective experiences which, in turn, predicted psychological well-being. Obsessive passion for violently themed music significantly predicted negative affective experiences which, in turn, predicted ill-being. Findings support the Dualistic Model of Passion, and suggest that even when music engagement includes violent content, adaptive outcomes are often experienced. We propose that the nature of one’s passion for music is more influential in predicting well-being than the content or valence of the lyrical themes.

The project aims to examine the happiness and optimism trajectories among university students in Hong Kong during this unprecedented pandemic. With data from a 30-day diary study, we seek to map the happiness/optimism trajectories and their relationship with students’ well-being and personality variables.

Our system will use data containing Facebook status updates and Satisfaction With Life (SWL) scale measurements to predict a user’s life satisfaction based on the content of their Facebook statuses. We will then generate Facebook statuses corresponding to different levels of life satisfaction. Our inputs for the prediction task will be Facebook statuses, while our outputs will be predicted life satisfaction measurements based on the content of the statuses.

Sample: Polish adults, N = 124, aged 60-89 (M = 71.72, SD = 7.08) Measures: 1. Seven items from the World Health Organization Quality of Life – WHOQOL-BREF (Skevington et al., 2004; The WHOQOL Group, 1998). 2. Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS; Diener at al., 1985). 3. Ego Resiliency Scale (ER89; Block & Kremen, 1996).

With this study, we aim to investigate the correlation between dispositional mindfulness and mobile phone multitasking, habitual mobile phone use, online vigilance, and mobile phone attachment, whereby we control for the moderating role of self-control. We further aim to analyze the consequences of these set of mobile phone usage behaviors for stress and satisfaction with life.

Aims: This study aimed to determine the life satisfaction and affecting factors of women during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Material and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 512 women, aged between 18 to 68, using a web-based online survey in all regions of Turkey. The data were collected with the 'Participant Information Form', 'Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S)' and 'The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SLS)'. Results: The mean FCV-19S and SLS scores were 19.08±5.49 and 14.69±4.16, respectively. The life satisfaction of women was significantly higher for, those who were 35 years of age and older, married, with a university or higher education level, paid less attention to social isolation rules and received moral support from their spouses. A negative and statistically significant correlation was observed between women’s scores on the FCV-19S and the SLS (r= -0.094, p = 0.033). Conclusions: Identifying women whose life satisfaction has decreased and negatively affected during the pandemic and providing timely and appropriate intervention by health professionals are important in terms of increasing women's health and life satisfaction., Amaç: Bu çalışma koronavirüs hastalığı (COVID-19) pandemi sürecinde kadınların yaşam doyumları ve etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı kesitsel tipteki bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin tüm bölgelerinde 18-68 yaşları arasında 512 kadın ile web tabanlı çevrimiçi anket kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Veriler 'Katılımcı Bilgi Formu', 'COVID 19 Korkusu Ölçeği' ve 'Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği' ile toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Kadınların COVID-19 korkusu ve yaşam doyumu puanları sırasıyla 19.08±5.49 ve 14.69±4.16 olarak belirlenmiştir. Evli, 35 yaş ve üzeri, üniversite ve üzeri eğitim düzeyine sahip, sosyal izolasyon kurallarına daha az dikkat eden ve eşlerinden manevi destek alan kadınların yaşam doyumları anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti. Kadınların COVID 19 korkusu ve yaşam doyumu puanları arasında negatif yönlü ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır (r= -0.094, p = 0.033). Sonuç: Pandemi döneminde yaşam doyumunu etkileyen faktörlerin ve olumsuz etkilenen kadınların sağlık profesyonelleri tarafından zamanında tespit edilmesi ve uygun müdahalenin sağlanması, kadın sağlığı ve yaşam doyumunun artırılması açısından önemlidir.

Is the belief in a just world among students also stable under COVID-19? To answer this question, a study was conducted with university students from Germany (n = 291). The aim of the study was to analyze the predictive performance of the personal belief in a just world (PBJW) on students' life satisfaction and academic cheating and to take into account important mediators from the university context such as fellow student justice, lecturer justice, and procrastination. Derived from existing research, university students with a stronger PBJW should be more satisfied with their lives and cheat less than those with a weaker PBJW. The results support the hypothesized direct effects of PBJW on life satisfaction. Procrastination additionally mediated the effect of PBJW on life satisfaction. The level of PBJW predicted academic cheating only indirectly. The mediators procrastination and lecturer justice were crucial here. The results persisted when gender, learning, time to exam, socially desirable responding, general BJW, and self-efficacy were controlled. The findings were discussed in relation to the stressful situation caused by COVID-19. A reflection on the adaptive function of PBJW as a resource and relevant situation-specific mediators for university research and practice followed.

Previous micro-level results from cross-sectional data from individual countries suggest that well-being brought about by higher income are at least partly offset by higher income aspirations. We conduct an encompassing analysis, covering about 30 countries at different stages of economic development. We use micro-data on Europeans’ subjective well-being, income and aspirations from the year 2013 and panel data on income and aspirations. Earlier findings on the negative association of aspirations and well-being are shown to hold internationally. As suggested by the earlier results from individual countries, aspirations matter systematically more in high-income countries. These results are robust to alternative well-being measures. However, the results also suggest that, despite aspirations, higher income improves life satisfaction even in high-income countries where aspirations totally offset emotional well-being and eudaimonia improvements. Further, the panel analysis shows that aspirations increase with incomes. Taken together, our results suggest that aspirations dampen income-induced well-being improvements, especially in high-income countries.

El objetivo del estudio fue describir la relación de la inteligencia emocional, rendimiento percibido, percepción de la condición física y satisfacción con la vida analizando las diferencias por género y por países (Costa Rica y España) con el fin de establecer estrategias que mejoren aspectos del entrenamiento deportivo. Para ello, se administró un cuestionario a jóvenes deportistas de ambos países con escalas que medían las citadas variables. Los resultados mostraron correlaciones positivas y significativas de la inteligencia emocional con el rendimiento percibido, con la condición física percibida y con la satisfacción con la vida. Por su parte, las mujeres de deportes individuales mostraron más inteligencia emocional y satisfacción con la vida que los hombres. Por países, las deportistas individuales femeninas españolas mostraron puntajes mayores que las costarricenses en las variables inteligencia emocional y satisfacción con la vida, mientras que los deportistas individuales masculinos costarricenses mostraron puntajes de inteligencia emocional mayores que los españoles., The objective of the study was to describe the relationship between emotional intelligence, perceived performance, perception of physical condition and satisfaction with life, analyzing the differences by gender and by country (Costa Rica and Spain) in order to establish strategies that improve aspects of sports training. To do this, a questionnaire was passed to young athletes from both countries with scales that measured the aforementioned variables. The results showed positive and significant correlations of emotional intelligence with perceived performance, with perceived physical condition and with life satisfaction. For their part, women in individual sports showed more emotional intelligence and life satisfaction than men. By country, Spanish female individual sport athletes showed higher scores than Costa Ricans in the variables emotional intelligence and life satisfaction, while Costa Rican male individual sport athletes showed higher emotional intelligence scores than Spanish ones.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is an unexpected, global phenomenon, unique in modern history, which affects people around the world in various aspects of life. Apart from physical health, people are affected in the area of well-being and mental health. Due to preventive restrictions, the worldwide population has experienced social isolation on an unprecedented scale. The uniqueness of the COVID-19 pandemic is manifested in the fact people who have not personally experienced the coronavirus infection are experiencing the financial and psychological consequences of pandemic. Considering how unpredictable and precarious the COVID-19 pandemic situation is, it demands urgent and dedicated actions. The implementation of the project will enable to collect data, acquire new knowledge, and investigate the effects and significance of changes in mental health due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our aim in this project is to reveal differences in mental health and well-being due to the COVID-19 pandemic among younger adults (aged between 20-29) and older adults (aged between 30-39) in Poland, Germany, Slovenia, and Israel. The investigation will be conducted during a three-months’ period. The aforementioned countries differ with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic course and social capital. We aim to show the change in the prevalence of mental health problems (anxiety, depression, perceived stress, post-traumatic stress) and well-being (satisfaction with life and general health), which may be determined by a variety of predictors (age, educational and occupational status, gender, exposure to COVID-19, perception of COVID-19 impact on well-being, physical activity, religiosity and spirituality, and social capital) in a cross-cultural context during the ongoing pandemic. This will help to develop essential solutions, e.g. establishment of valuable psychological help programs to prevent further decline of well-being and aggravation of mental health. The project is funded by Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange NAWA under the Urgency Grants Programme Nr PPN/GIN/2020/1/00023/DEC/1.

The aim of this work was to adapt and validate the Sibling Attachment Inventory (SAI) in Mexican young adults and analyze its psychometric properties. Using an Internet-based survey, data were collected from 307 (64.5% female) Mexican young adults university students (aged 18–30). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to determine the factor structure of the revised Mexican version of the Sibling Attachment Inventory (SAI-RMx). Convergent and predictive validity were verified by carrying out correlations with the parent form of the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), the Lifespan Sibling Relationship Scale (LSRS), the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE). Results indicated that the SAI-RMx presents good levels of internal consistency and a monodimensional structure, also providing evidence for convergent, predictive, and construct validity. Furthermore, secure attachments were linked with high levels of self-esteem, as well as with high levels of life satisfaction. The SAI-RMx is expected to be a reliable instrument for measuring the global level and the three components of secure attachment between siblings in the young adult’s Mexican population.

The change of social interaction pattern amidst the implementation of social distancing policies during the pandemic had altered the way individuals evaluated themselves and their social environment, including the way they develop perceived social support (PSS) that would lead to another change in the way they develop their satisfaction with life (SWL). This might have affected the development of their psychological wellbeing (PWB), which is highly contingent upon psychosocial constructs. Another variable that might alter the formation of PWB is the sense that we matter to others (Mattering), which was also altered by the limitation of in-person interactions. We purposively recruited 403 Malaysian urban adults affected by the social distancing policies by having to study or work from home, to respond to our survey in order to test the hypothesis that the SWL would fully mediate the association between PSS and PWB among individuals with higher levels of mattering. The results of the bootstrap analysis with 5,000 samples and 95% confident interval supported our hypothesis, with a caveat that the mediation of SWL also occurred among individuals with moderate levels of mattering. PSS was still a significant predictor of PWB when controlling for mattering and SWL, which indicated that the mediation of SWL was only partially occurred.

Background: Social isolation during the lockdown, and the greater use of online platforms to connect with other people, can alter the dynamic relationship between loneliness, social media use, and subjective well-being. The study examines the mediating role of loneliness in the bidirectional association between Instagram addiction and life satisfaction. Methods: A sample of 954 university students from Poland were enrolled in a cross-sectional online study during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants aged between 19 and 42 (M = 22.56, SD = 2.36), and most of them were women (86.48%). Standardized questionnaires were used to measure Instagram addiction (BIAS), loneliness (DJGLS), and life satisfaction (SWLS). Results: The prevalence of Instagram addiction, loneliness, and dissatisfaction with life was 17.19%, 75%, and 40.15%, respectively. The mediating effect of loneliness on the relationship between Instagram addiction and life satisfaction was found bidirectionally in women but not among men. Conclusions: Loneliness seems to play a crucial role in the mechanism of social media addiction, so increasing loneliness should be a priority among emerging adults. The target group for intervention and prevention programs at campuses should include lonely and dissatisfied with life university students of the female gender.

Emotional intelligence (EI), problem-oriented coping, and resilience have been deeply studied as psychological predictors of wellbeing in stressful daily situations. The aim was to find out whether coping, EI, and resilience are predictors of well-being, using two statistical methodologies (hierarchical regression models and comparative qualitative models). With this objective in mind, we built an online evaluation protocol and administered it to 427 Spanish people, exploring these variables through a selection of validated tests. The extracted data were studied using linear predictive tests (hierarchical regression models), as well as fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis. We found that EI variables had important associations with coping, positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction, and also acted as relevant predictors for all of them, together with resilience and problem-oriented coping. The fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis showed a series of logical combinations of conditional causes and results of each potential configuration for these variables. The interaction between the presence of EI, resilience, and coping resulted in high levels of well-being. On the other hand, the presence of high emotional attention in interaction with low resilience and low coping abilities resulted in low well-being. These results increase knowledge about protective factors and allow for the creation of intervention programmes to enhance them.

People differ in how they define and pursue happiness and well-being (HWB). Previous studies suggested that the best way to achieve a high level of well-being might be to pursue different facets of HWB simultaneously. We expand on this idea and introduce the concept of complexity of HWB definitions to describe how many HWB definitions people endorse simultaneously, and the complexity of HWB-related intentions to describe how many unique facets of HWB people intend to pursue in everyday life. To operationalize these novel concepts, we developed two parallel measures that integrate psychological and philosophical definitions of HWB. In two independent studies (total N = 542), exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed eight reliable and valid factors for both parallel scales: absence of negativity, positive attitude, tranquility, personal development, luck, joy and desires, purpose, and belonging. Complexity of HWB-related intentions was positively associated with all facets of well-being, whereas complexity of HWB definitions was only positively associated with some facets of well-being. HWB-related intentions and their complexity emerged as more important for the experience of well-being than HWB definitions and their complexity. These studies highlight the importance of a multifaceted conceptualization of HWB when investigating how the pursuit of HWB is related to actual levels of well-being.

Life satisfaction is an important factor for mental health and has many positive effects on people. Considering its importance, different measurement tools were developed over the last 5 years. Among these tools, the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) is the most prominent and adapted to diversepopulations, including university students. On the other hand, all these studies were conducted using the classical testing approach, while item response theory was rarely preferred. Regarding this gap, this study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of SWLS by using a graded response model (GRM), which is a member of a broader family of the modern psychometric approach called Item Response Theory (IRT). For this purpose, the data were collected from 471 university students (male = 83, female = 388) aged between 17 and 37 years (M = 21.23, SD = 2.32). IRT based analysis provided satisfactory results on the psychometric properties of the SWLS. It was found that the scale's reliability was acceptable across a wide range of ability spectrums and items fit the GRM well and did not show gender-based differential item functioning. As a result, the psychometric quality of SWLS was further proved in the IRT context.

El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre las estrategias de afrontamiento, el bienestar subjetivo y el estrés en personas con cefalea primaria - es decir, con dolor de cabeza sin origen orgánico. En total, participaron 150 personas adultas -135 mujeres y 15 hombres-diagnosticadas con cefalea primaria y episodios de cefalea en los últimos seis meses. Los instrumentos de medida utilizados fueron la Escala de satisfacción con la vida de Diener, la escala de estrategias de afrontamiento Brief Cope, la Escala de estrés percibido de Cohen, dos preguntas sobre la intensidad y frecuencia del dolor, y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. En general, se encontró que el bienestar subjetivo se relaciona positivamente con la planificación y negativamente con el uso de sustancias y la frecuencia del dolor; a la vez que el estrés percibido se asocia positivamente con negar la realidad del acontecimiento estresante, culpabilizarse por la situación ocurrida y la frecuencia del dolor, y negativamente con la aceptación de la situación estresante. Además, se observó un mayor estrés percibido en usuarios de atención pública de salud que en aquellos que son atendidos en el sistema privado. Este estudio permite identificar las estrategias que deben ser potenciadas o modificadas con ayuda del personal de salud para mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas con cefalea primaria. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between coping strategies, subjective well-being and stress in people with primary headache, i.e., headache with no organically -based origin. In total, 150 adult persons participated -135 women and 15 men -diagnosed with primary headache and headache episodes in the last six months. The measurement instruments used were the Diener Life Satisfaction Scale, the Brief Cope Coping Strategies Scale, the Cohen Perceived Stress Scale, two questions on pain intensity and frequency, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. In general, it was found that subjective well-being is positively related to planning and negatively to substance use and frequency of pain; while perceived stress is positively associated with denying the reality of the stressful event, blaming oneself for the situation that occurred and the frequency of pain, and negatively with accepting the stressful situation. Also, greater perceived stress was observed in users of public health care than in those who are seen in the private system. This study allows the identification of strategies that should be enhanced or modified with the help of health personnel to improve the quality of life of people with primary headache.

Introduction: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory dermatosis with vast psychosocial burden. The objective of this study is to thoroughly analyze satisfaction with life (SWL) and coping strategies of HS patients in relation to the clinical and psychosocial factors. Methods: 114 HS patients (53.1% females; mean age 36.6 ± 13.1 years) were enrolled. Severity of the disease was measured using Hurley staging and International HS Score System (IHS4). Instruments utilized: Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS); Coping-Orientation to Problems-Experienced Inventory (Brief COPE); HS Quality of Life Scale (HiSQoL); Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9); Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7); General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Results: SWL was low in 31.6% of HS patients. No relation was found between SWL and Hurley staging and IHS4. SWL correlated with GHQ-28 (r = −0.579 p < 0.001), PHQ-9 (r = −0.603 p < 0.001), GAD-7 (r = −0.579 p < 0.001), and HiSQoL (r = −0.449 p < 0.001). Problem-focused coping strategies were most commonly used, followed by emotion-focused coping and avoiding coping strategies. Significant differences were found between the following coping strategies and SWL: self-distraction (p = 0.013), behavioral-disengagement (p = 0.001), denial (p = 0.003), venting (p = 0.019), and self-blame (p = 0.001). Conclusions: HS patients present low SWL which correlates with psychosocial burden. Reducing anxiety–depression comorbidity and encouraging optimal coping strategies may be of great importance in holistic approach to HS patients.

If an individual who lives abroad feels satisfied, they are able to develop their ability to function in the new culture. The satisfaction with life abroad depends on cultural intelligence (CQ): people with higher CQ easily adapt to a new culture. Our article seeks to understand the relationship between CQ and satisfaction with life abroad using two new variables—culture shock and cultural identity. The direct and indirect relationships between all variables have been investigated using a sample of 194 predominantly international students studying at Czech universities and the PLS SEM statistical technique. The results have shown that CQ is a positive predictor of dependent variable satisfaction with life abroad. When two mediators—cultural identity and culture shock—were added, we found out that the CQ is a positive predictor of the former and a negative predictor of the latter. The analysis of multiple mediations has further confirmed the indirect influence of culture shock (but not cultural identity) on the direct relationship between cultural intelligence and satisfaction with life.

Many psychological theories emphasize the significance of early childhood events. A review of the literature reveals that studies concentrate on the consequences of adverse childhood experiences on the physical and mental health of individuals. A few studies have so far examined the effects of positive childhood experiences on mental health. This research aims to investigate the relationship between positive childhood experiences and happiness. 695 adults (488 female and 207 male) participated in the study. Positive Childhood Experiences Scale served to gather the data regarding the childhood experiences, and The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire is employed to measure the happiness of the participants. According to the results of this study, a positive correlation was found between positive childhood experiences and happiness. Positive childhood experiences explain 23% of happiness and 24% of life satisfaction. In parallel to positive childhood experiences points, the happiness and life satisfaction of the participants also increases. According to the happiness level of participants, those who inform to be very happy have higher levels of positive childhood experiences in comparison to those who feel a moderate level of happiness or declare to be unhappy. The results are discussed in the context of the literature., Erken dönem yaşantıların önemini vurgulayan çok sayıda psikolojik kuram bulunmaktadır. Alanyazın incelendiğinde, olumsuz çocukluk deneyimlerinin yetişkinlikteki fiziksel ve psikolojik sonuçlarını inceleyen çalışmaların öne çıktığı görülmektedir. Az sayıda çalışma ise olumlu çocukluk yaşantılarının ruh sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerini incelemiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; olumlu çocukluk yaşantıları ve mutluluk arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılmasıdır. Araştırmaya iki farklı çalışma grubundan toplam 695 kişi (488 kadın ve 207 erkek) katılmıştır. Çalışmada katılımcıların çocukluk dönemlerine ilişkin veriler, Olumlu Çocukluk Yaşantıları Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Mutluluk düzeyleri ise Oxford Mutluluk Ölçeği, Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği ve tek maddelik mutluluk algısı sorusu kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre olumlu çocukluk yaşantıları, mutluluğu pozitif yönde anlamlı bir şekilde yordamaktadır. Buna göre olumlu çocukluk yaşantıları, mutluluğa ilişkin toplam varyansın %23’ünü, yaşam doyumuna ilişkin toplam varyansın ise %24’ünü açıklamaktadır. Katılımcıların olumlu çocukluk yaşantıları puanları arttıkça mutluluk ve yaşam doyumu puanları da artmaktadır. Katılımcıların mutluluk algılarına göre kendilerini oldukça mutlu olarak nitelendirenlerin olumlu çocukluk yaşantısı düzeylerinin, orta düzeyde mutluyum ve mutlu değilim diyenlere göre daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, alanyazın bağlamında tartışılmıştır.

In the present study, we examined satisfaction with life (SWL), group identifications, perceived discrimination, and socio-economic status among immigrants and stayers. The study had two main objectives: 1) to test the morbidity and salutary hypotheses of immigration by comparing the psycho-social characteristics of immigrants and stayers; 2) to test a resource model of well-being among immigrants and stayers by investigating the effect of different resources and stressors on SWL. The study was conducted using a random representative sample of first-generation immigrants from the Former Soviet Union to Israel (n = 400) and a not-random large and geographically dispersed sample of Jews staying in Russia (n = 935). The comparison of immigrants and stayers revealed that immigration is a mixed blessing, salutary in some aspects and onerous in others. In general, immigrants were more satisfied with their life than stayers. In addition, identification with the country of residence was stronger among immigrants than stayers. However, immigrants reported a higher level of perceived discrimination, and their socio-economic status was lower than that of stayers. Socio-economic status, identification with the country of residence, and perceived discrimination were directly connected to SWL among immigrants and stayers. In addition, among stayers, identification with the ethnic minority group was connected to SWL, while among immigrants, identification with the country of origin was not connected to SWL. Socio-economic status and perceived discrimination also affected SWL indirectly, through their connections to identification with the country of residence among immigrants and stayers and through their connection to ethnic identification among stayers. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd The study was partly supported by a grant from Leonid Nevzlin Research Center for Russian and East European Jewry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem . Israel Science Foundation Grant 244/15 .

[Purpose] To examine the longitudinal satisfaction with learning and life according to gender over 4 years, from the first- to the fourth-year levels, in physical therapy students. [Participants and Methods] The participants were 41 males and 33 females enrolled in the International University of Health and Welfare in March 2016. Satisfaction levels were longitudinally assessed from the end of the first- to fourth-year levels using a visual analog scale. [Results] In the males, satisfaction with learning and life in the second year was significantly lower than that in the fourth year. The high and low satisfaction levels in the second year were related to the fourth-year satisfaction level. On the other hand, no significant differences were found during the 4 years in the females. However, satisfaction with life in the second and third years also reflects satisfaction with learning in the fourth year. [Conclusion] Our results suggest gender-related differences in the patterns of the longitudinal changes in satisfaction level. The levels of satisfaction with learning and life changed in the males. Satisfaction decreased significantly in the second year of university life. Thus, assistance from the second year is important. Among the female students, assistance for satisfaction with life is important.

This paper examines the association of opportunity and choice enhancing societal conditions and perceived autonomy with life satisfaction in Europe. Building on the capability approach, I investigate whether the positive effects of six basic functionings—safety, friendship, health, financial security, leisure, and respect—on people’s life satisfaction are weaker when people have more opportunity and choice. This paper addresses two main questions: (1) Are people more satisfied with their life when they have more opportunity and choice? (2) Do basic functionings play a smaller role for life satisfaction in societies that enable more opportunity and choice and for individuals with more perceived autonomy? The analyses are based on the European Quality of Life Survey (2016), covering 36,460 individuals in 33 European countries and using multilevel linear regressions. My study finds that both choice and opportunity enhancing societal conditions and individual’s perceived autonomy are positively associated with on life satisfaction. Further, all six basic functionings are conducive to individual life satisfaction. The positive effects of health, financial security, respect, and friendship are reduced when people experience a great deal of autonomy over their lives. Societal conditions that provide people with more opportunity and choice further lower the positive effects of financial security, leisure, respect, and safety on individual life satisfaction. This corroborates the importance the capability approach attributes to individual opportunities and freedom of choice.

Parental socialization has been studied mainly when is in process, but less is known about its long-term impact on older adults, particularly on one of the most important developmental tasks in later life: being a grandparent. Participants were 313 Spanish grandparents. The present study examined the relationship between parenting and its impacts in the long term, when the child is a grandparent. The variables examined were parenting (parental warmth and parental strictness) and grandparenting functioning (satisfaction with life, meaning of life, parent–adult child relationship quality, emotional closeness with grandchildren, and role overload). The statistical analyses were a correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analyses. A constant pattern between parenting and grandparenting functioning has been found. Warmth was positively associated with grandparenting functioning, as opposed to strictness, which did not show benefits for grandparents and even showed a significant negative relationship with an indicator of grandparenting functioning. Present findings highlight that, during the socialization years, greater parental warmth but not parental strictness might be of benefit for children at the end of their life (i.e., when they are grandparents) but also for their descendants because they have a better relationship with the two following generations (i.e., adult children and grandchildren).

Peer reviewed: True, Funder: Autistica; FundRef: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100008161, Funder: Pinsent Darwin Fund, Funder: NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre; FundRef: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100018956, Funder: Sackler Trust; FundRef: https://doi.org/10.13039/100015656, Funder: Autism Research Trust, Funder: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care East of England at Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Funder: Medical Research Council; FundRef: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000265, Autistic people can have difficulties during pregnancy and after giving birth, such as difficulty getting health care that meets their needs. Autistic people may therefore have lower well-being than non-autistic people during this time. We asked autistic and non-autistic people to fill in questionnaires measuring stress, depression, anxiety and satisfaction with life. They were asked to do this once during pregnancy, once 2 to 3 months after giving birth and once 6 months after giving birth. At 6 months after giving birth, they also filled in questionnaires about parenting. The autistic parents had higher stress, depression and anxiety scores than the non-autistic parents. For both groups, scores for anxiety went down over time. There were no differences between the groups on satisfaction with their life or how confident they were as a parent. There were no differences between the groups on most areas of parenting style, although autistic parents scored lower on parenting discipline. This study suggests that autistic people may be more stressed, depressed and anxious than non-autistic people during pregnancy and after giving birth. Autistic people therefore need good quality support during this time. This study also suggests that autistic and non-autistic parents may be just as likely to parent in positive ways such as being sensitive to their baby's needs.

Since the end of the twentieth century, a new, relevant, and promising trend in economic science has been actively developing – the economy of happiness that arose at the junction of psychology and economics. Understanding the essence and content of social well-being is associated with such a development of a society where the social and spiritual needs of people are met, the resources and benefits of society are used as effectively as possible and favorable conditions for a full-fledged life and comprehensive development of each person are created. If earlier the main task and priority of any national policy was considered an intensive GDP growth, now the GNH – Gross National Happiness is increasingly considered as a priority, that is, the level of satisfaction with the life of the population, as evidenced even in the resolution of the UN General Assembly. However, the methodological ap¬proaches to assessing the economy of happiness are not perfect, first of all because this area is new in economic science. The study aims to summarize and further develop the principles and approach¬es to assessing the economy of happiness. The article analyzes existing practical approaches to the economy of happiness. A test was developed to assess the level of happiness of citizens from different countries; a survey was conducted based on this test from 2017 to 2018. Methodical approaches to assessing the economy of happiness have been improved based on obtaining correlation-regression models that show the dependence of happiness level on creativity, level of health, level of prosperity, level of satisfaction of needs, which enables to define creativity as the main factor affecting the level of happiness; and, unlike the known ones, it allows regulating the level of happiness as a final economic indicator.

Brief Hospitality Scale (BHS) is a short self-reported instrument for measuring hospitality at the global level. The aim of this study was to examine for the first time the psychometric properties of the BHS in three Turkish-speaking samples (Sample 1, n = 139, mean age = 20.68 ± 1.68 years; Sample 2, n = 160, mean age = 22.10 ± 3.35 years; Sample 3, n = 105, mean age = 31.67 ± 7.51 years). Participants completed measures of hospitality, life satisfaction, and personality traits. Our results showed that the Turkish version of the BHS has excellent levels of internal consistency reliability. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that a one-factor solution of the BHS had a good model fit. Additionally, the scale had acceptable criterion-related validity in relation to satisfaction with life and personality traits. Furthermore, the BHS contributed additional variance to the prediction of satisfaction with life over and above the personality traits. There were no gender and socioeconomic status differences in the hospitality scores across the studies. The Turkish BHS is a promising scale that should be used preferably for exploratory purposes in research and practice.

The present study aimed at determining the association between life satisfaction and subjective happiness while controlling for social desirability, and to explore whether overall satisfaction with life can be predicted by satisfaction with life dimensions while controlling for social desirability. The study had a quantitative, non-experimental cross-sectional design, with 279 participants from different universities of the Council of Rectors of Chile recruited through a non-probabilistic sampling method for convenience. The participants completed an online questionnaire that inquired about their global and dimensional satisfaction with life, subjective happiness, social desirability, and sociodemographic variables. The data was analysed using partial correlations and multiple regression analyses. Bivariate correlation results indicate weak and direct associations between social desirability and life satisfaction and subjective happiness, and a strong and direct association between the latter. According to the results of the partial correlation analysis, the association between life satisfaction and subjective happiness is maintained even when social convenience is controlled. The results of the multiple regression analyses indicate that although social desirability predicts life satisfaction by itself, when satisfaction with life dimensions is added to the model, social desirability loses its predictive power. In conclusion, although social desirability is associated with the two components, affective and cognitive, of subjective well-being, this association loses predictive power when other variables are considered in predictive models. Study limitations include a relatively low reliability score on the social desirability scale, possible bias due to the study's self-report design and sampling method used. The present study aimed at determining the association between life satisfaction and subjective happiness while controlling for social desirability, and to explore whether overall satisfaction with life can be predicted by satisfaction with life dimensions while controlling for social desirability. The study had a quantitative, non-experimental cross-sectional design, with 279 participants from different universities of the Council of Rectors of Chile recruited through a non-probabilistic sampling method for convenience. The participants completed an online questionnaire that inquired about their global and dimensional satisfaction with life, subjective happiness, social desirability, and sociodemographic variables. The data was analysed using partial correlations and multiple regression analyses. Bivariate correlation results indicate weak and direct associations between social desirability and life satisfaction and subjective happiness, and a strong and direct association between the latter. According to the results of the partial correlation analysis, the association between life satisfaction and subjective happiness is maintained even when social convenience is controlled. The results of the multiple regression analyses indicate that although social desirability predicts life satisfaction by itself, when satisfaction with life dimensions is added to the model, social desirability loses its predictive power. In conclusion, although social desirability is associated with the two components, affective and cognitive, of subjective well-being, this association loses predictive power when other variables are considered in predictive models. Study limitations include a relatively low reliability score on the social desirability scale, possible bias due to the study's self-report design and sampling method used.

La presente investigación se orientó a explorar las vinculaciones entre los estereotipos negativos sobre el envejecimiento, los temores respecto a la vejez, la satisfacción con la vida y ciertas características sociodemográficas. Con tal propósito, se diseñó un estudio empírico cuantitativo transversal, de alcance descriptivo-correlacional. Se conformó una muestra de 314 españoles (74% mujeres; Medad= 38 años), seleccionados según un muestreo por disponibilidad. Los participantes respondieron una selección de instrumentos para medir los constructos bajo estudio. Sobre los datos reunidos se ejecutaron análisis descriptivos y correlacionales. Los resultados muestran que no hay diferencias en ninguna de las variables estudiadas en función del sexo, pero sí se observan mayores estereotipos negativos entre quienes conviven con adultos mayores. La edad se asocia negativamente tanto a los estereotipos y temores como a la satisfacción con la vida. Finalmente, los estereotipos negativos sobre el envejecimiento se vinculan con menores niveles de satisfacción vital proyectada a cinco años. Se discuten los hallazgos y señalan direcciones para futuros estudios en el área., The present investigation was oriented to explore the links between negative stereotypes about aging, fears about old age, satisfaction with life and certain sociodemographic characteristics. For this purpose, a cross-sectional quantitative empirical study of descriptive-correlational scope was designed. A sample of 314 Spaniards was formed (74% women, Medad = 38 years), selected according to a sampling by availability. The participants answered a selection of instruments to measure the constructs under study. On the collected data, descriptive and correlational analyzes were carried out. The results show that there are no differences in any of the variables studied according to sex, but there are greater negative stereotypes among those who live with older adults. Age is negatively associated with both stereotypes and fears and satisfaction with life. Finally, negative stereotypes about aging are linked to lower levels of life satisfaction projected to five years. The findings are discussed and directions for future studies in the area are indicated.

Research background: The search for factors influencing the evaluation of the quality of life in terms of subjective and objective socio-economic aspects was the background of the study. The search for perfect multivariate statistical methods in the describing of the assessments made by respondents in variable groups, as well as the categories was carried out. Purpose: The aim of the study was to recognize the natural areas of transferring subjective satisfaction with the level of social factors in the three groups describing: household, country of residence, and the EU. The determined natural relations between the factors were then compared with the established sets of those factors. The characteristics of behaviour were compared in three generations of the EU. Research methodology: The Standard Eurobarometer, autumn 2018, provided data describing adults from the generations Y, X, and BB. In the analysis a factor analysis and correspondence analysis were used. Results: The effect of the used methods is a multidirectional image of the evaluations made by the EU Generations Y, X and BB in the areas of an individual’s functioning: direct (the household), close (the country of residence), and further (Europe and the EU). Novelty: The conducted analysis indicates the need to use diverse methods in order that the assumed research objectives are thoroughly realized. The article indicates the possibility of modifying the approach in using the Burt matrix in connection with concatenated contingency tables.

The objective of this ex 'post facto study' was to find out how different coping and personality styles influence satisfaction with life in a group of 55 people with chronic kidney disease, 34 of whom were receiving haemodialysis and 21 had undergone a kidney transplant. The participants completed three questionnaires, the SWLS, CAEPO and MIPS. The results showed the relationship between active coping strategies and satisfaction with life in haemodialysis patients, kidney transplant recipients and the total sample. A Pleasure-Enhancing personality style was significantly related to Satisfaction with Life, both in the total sample, and in the two groups separately. There were no significant differences in Satisfaction with Life between the haemodialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients. The theoretical repercussions of these results are discussed, highlighting their applications to clinical practice, in which training in active coping is essential.

The personal pattern of coping with the stress associated with making decisions characterizes the way an individual makes choices and judgments. The Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire (MDMQ) analyses these personal patterns and has been used across various cultures in order to assess four main strategies: vigilance, buck-passing, procrastination, and hypervigilance. We sought to adapt and validate a Portuguese version of the MDMQ. Our study was conducted with a sample of 523 Portuguese people aged 18 or older. The questionnaire retained the original four scales, which represent four different decisional patterns, showing good reliability and validity – concurrent as well as predictive – and invariance for gender and age. The coping pattern with the highest mean was vigilance, while procrastination had the lowest mean. In contrast to other studies of the MDMQ, our sample had a more diversified distribution of age. Young adults were less capable than older adults of managing stress when making decisions, due to their higher levels of buck-passing, hypervigilance, and procrastination. Vigilance showed stronger correlations to positive affect, satisfaction with life, and better decisional self-esteem, while the remaining scales were related to negative affect, reduced decisional self-esteem, and lower satisfaction with life. These decision-making styles are chosen depending on time constraints, pressure, or other contextual characteristics. These results suggest that individuals resort to more convenient patterns according to their situation, and that these patterns of decision-making can be trained, developed, and improved.

Prosocial behavior (PsB) and its effects have been analyzed in times of crisis and natural disasters, although never before in the face of such exceptional circumstances as those created by the COVID-19 pandemic. This research analyzes the role of PsB on satisfaction with life (SWL) in Colombia, considering the negative emotional impact of events that began in February 2020. We conduct an exploratory analysis using a sample of Colombia’s general population (N = 2,574; 53.2% women) with an average age of 44.66 years (SD = 15.36). Using the Classification Tree technique, we find that engaging in one or more PsBs (e.g., donating money or sharing food) enhances SWL and decreases the impact of negative emotions such as pessimism, indecisiveness, and irritability that have emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings are significant because they confirm the importance of life satisfaction as a personal resource for coping with complex situations and provide evidence of the benefits of PsB on one’s wellbeing.

(1) The COVID-19 pandemic poses threats to human life and health around the world. This study attempts to determine the correlation between loneliness and satisfaction with life among nursing students in Poland, Spain and Slovakia and to seek predictors of social and emotional loneliness among the students. (2) A total of 756 nursing students from Poland, Spain and Slovakia took part in the study. A diagnostic survey was applied as the research method, and the data were collected with the sense of loneliness measurement scale (de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale–DJGLS) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). (3) The mean age of the participants was 21.20 years (SD = 1.97). A correlation analysis revealed statistically significant, negative correlations, with an average and high strength, between the general sense of loneliness and its components (social loneliness and emotional loneliness) and satisfaction with life among students in Poland, Spain and Slovakia. A regression analysis showed one’s satisfaction with life to be a predictor of a sense of loneliness among nursing students in Poland, Spain and Slovakia in the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. (4) Students with a stronger sense of loneliness also feel lower life satisfaction. It is important to take preventive and prophylactic actions concerning loneliness among students during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Although extensive research investigates the consequences of teenage motherhood, there is still very limited research exploring young mothers’ experiences in their own voices. This gap is particularly evident for those non-Western developing countries in which women’s voices are largely muted. This paper explores women’s perceptions and evaluations of their early motherhood, drawing on their lived experiences and retrospective accounts. This study also investigates how early first birth influences these mother’s subsequent fertility. The study adopts a qualitative method based on interviews with a total of 17 women in several cities in Turkey who had their first birth at a young age (ages 17-22). A qualitative approach is most suitable for this research area, which aims to explore young mothers’ interpretations of their fertility timing and the consequences of this event for their lives in general, including subjective evaluations and subtle meanings. A key finding of this study is that the interviewees describe early childbearing as a negative event in their life course, convey regret for having had an early first birth, and report a feeling of dissatisfaction with being a young mother. A second finding concerns the influence of early first birth on subsequent childbearing. The women’s accounts indicate that subsequent fertility operated as a compensation for the missed feelings of motherhood and served as an opportunity to heal from hurtful experiences. This study points to the importance of social context in determining the consequences of early fertility.

In this paper we analyse why in some countries the difference in subjective well-being between employed and unemployed young individuals is substantial, whereas in others it remains small. The strength of this relationship has important consequences, hence it affects the intensity of the job search by the unemployed as well as the retention and productivity of employees. In the analysis we are focused on youth and young adults who constitute a group particularly exposed to the risks of joblessness, precarious or insecure employment. We expect that in economies where young people are able to find jobs of good quality, the employment–well-being relationship tends to be stronger. However, this relationship also depends on the relative well-being of the young unemployed. Based on the literature on school-to-work transition we have identified macro-level factors shaping the conditions of labour market entry of young people (aged 15–35), which consequently affect their well-being. The estimation of multilevel regression models with the use of the combined dataset from the European Social Survey and macro-level databases has indicated that these are mainly education system characteristics (in particular vocational orientation and autonomy of schools) and labour market policy spending that moderate the employment–well-being relationship of young individuals.