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Lipid-rich effluents have great potential to be transformed into precursors for the obtainment of bioenergy and biomaterials, mainly triacylglycerides (TAGs) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), using different biotechnologies. However, current valorization processes cannot compete with conventional petroleum-based ones and more research is needed in this field. The development of cost-effective methods requires the use of residual substrates and simplified engineering designs based on the use of mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) that do not require sterile conditions. In this thesis, it was explored the simplification of the typical valorization train used for residual effluents bioconversion into TAGs and/or PHAs. Firstly, it was reduced from three to two units avoiding substrate pretreatment, and later, it was evaluated the feasibility of performing the whole process in a sole bioreactor. Also, it was tended to define the most suitable selective pressures to engineer the ecosystem in order to maintain a specific culture functionality (TAGs and/of PHAs) production. Moreover, it was evaluated the feasibility of implementing the process in saline environments such as fish-canneries, where wastewater streams containing high fat, oil and grease concentrations are generated. 2023-04-22

The isolation and biochemical characterization of lipid droplet (LD)-associated mitochondria revealed the capacity of the cell to produce and maintain distinct mitochondrial populations carrying disparate proteome and dissimilar capacities to oxidize fatty acids and pyruvate. With mitochondrial motility being a central parameter determining mitochondrial fusion, adherence to LDs provides a mechanism by which peridroplet mitochondria (PDM) remain segregated from cytoplasmic mitochondria (CM). The existence of metabolically distinct subpopulations provides an explanation for the capacity of mitochondria within the individual celltobe involved simultaneously in fatty acid oxidation and LD formation. The mechanisms that deploy mitochondria to the LD and the dysfunctions that result from unbalanced proportions of PDM and CM remain to be explored. Understanding the roles and regulation of mitochondrial tethering to LDs offers new points of intervention in metabolic diseases.

The activated sludge process is commonly used to treat wastewater by aerobic oxidation of organic pollutants into carbon dioxide and water. However, several nonoxidative mechanisms can also contribute to removal of organics. Sorption onto activated sludge can remove a large fraction of the colloidal and particulate wastewater organics. Intracellular storage of, e.g., polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), triacylglycerides (TAG), or wax esters can convert wastewater organics into precursors for high-value products. Recently, several environmental, economic, and technological drivers have stimulated research on nonoxidative removal of organics for wastewater treatment. In this paper, we review these nonoxidative removal mechanisms as well as the existing and emerging process configurations that make use of them for wastewater treatment. Better utilization of nonoxidative processes in activated sludge could reduce the wasteful aerobic oxidation of organic compounds and lead to more resource-efficient wastewater treatment plants.

Objectives: We determine the significant relation of HDL cholesterol and total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol between CETP I405V genotypes and activity of CETP. CETP is an essential for transfer of cholesterol ester to the liver from peripheral tissues which facilitating its transfer to TG rich VLDL. Reduction activity of CETP I405V may associate with genotypes of CETP I405V. This study is undertaken to assess the presence and impact of CETP I405V genotype in our population. Materials and Methods: In this study 100 acute myocardial infarction patients and 100 normal age & sex matched healthy individuals were included. Serum Lipid profile was estimated by using universal standard methods whereas CETP I405V genotype was studied by ARMS PCR. Result: There is presence of CETP 405Val genotype both in patient as well as in control group. Results show that HDL cholesterol (p

Summary Perilipin family proteins (Plins) coat the surface of intracellular neutral lipid storage droplets in various cell types. Studies across diverse species demonstrate that Plins regulate lipid storage metabolism through recruitment of lipases and other regulatory proteins to lipid droplet surfaces. Mammalian genomes have distinct Plin gene members and additional protein forms derived from specific mRNA splice variants. However, it is not known if the different Plins have distinct functional properties. Using biochemical, cellular imaging and flow cytometric analyses, we now show that within individual cells of various types, the different Plin proteins preferentially sequester to separate pools of lipid storage droplets. By examining ectopically expressed GFP fusions and all endogenous Plin protein forms, we demonstrate that different Plins sequester to different types of lipid droplets that are composed of either triacylcerides or cholesterol esters. Furthermore, Plins with strong association preferences to triacylceride (or cholesterol ester) droplets can re-direct the relative intracellular triacylceride–cholesterol ester balance toward the targeted lipid. Our data suggest diversity of Plin function, alter previous assumptions about shared collective actions of the Plins, and indicate that each Plin can have separate and unique functions.