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Among the countries of Europe, Ukraine is marked by a fairly large number of the fountains, which are the pieces of the monumental art, cultural and historical heritage objects. The purpose of this publication: to summarize the experience of organizing spaces with fountains, to explore the development of fountains as artistic and aesthetic objects of urban and landscape architecture. The fountains are considered as an integral part of the historical and architectural heritage of the country’s settlements, which is associated with outstanding historical events and the lives of famous people. Having traced the historical preconditions for the appearance of spaces with fountains, еxplored the circumstances that contributed to the development of sciences in Ukraine and the emergence of the first fountains as a synthesis of art and engineering, elements of a centralized water supply system of the settlement. Traced the influence of political, economic and ecological circumstances and the cultural needs of society for changes in the organization of spaces with fountains, where the buildings transformed their original functions from water distributors that meet drinking, household and religious needs into objects of improvement, artistic and aesthetic elements of urban architecture and pieces of garden art, artistic and aesthetic elements of landscape architecture, were studied.This publication presents the first part of the study, which covers the period of XVIII - XIX centuries. Среди стран Европы — Украина отличается достаточно большим количеством фонтанов, которые являются объектами монументального искусства, памятниками культурного и исторического наследия. Цель данной публикации: обобщить опыт организации пространств с фонтанами, исследовать развитие фонтанов как художественно-эстетических объектов городской и ландшафтной архитектуры. Фонтаны рассматриваются как неотъемлемая составляющая историко-архитектурного наследия населенных пунктов страны, которая связана со значительными событиями и жизнью выдающихся людей. Проследив исторические предпосылки появления пространств с фонтанами, рассмотрены обстоятельства, которые способствовали развитию наук на Украине и появлении первых фонтанов — как синтеза искусства и инженерии, элементов централизованной системы водоснабжения населенного пункта. Исследовано влияние политических, экономических и экологических обстоятельств и культурных потребностей общества на изменения в организации пространств с фонтанами, где сооружения — от распределителей воды, которые удовлетворяли питьевые, бытовые и религиозные потребности — изменив первоначальные функции, трансформируются в объекты благоустройства, художественно-эстетические элементы городской архитектуры и произведения садово-паркового искусства, художественно эстетические элементы ландшафтной архитектуры.В данной публикации представлена первая часть исследования, которая охватывает период ХVIII - XIX вв.Ключевые слова: фонтаны, городские пространства, опыт организации, городская архитектура, ландшафтная архитектура, соствляющая историко-архитектурного наследия, культурное наследие Украины. Among the countries of Europe, Ukraine is marked by a fairly large number of the fountains, which are the pieces of the monumental art, cultural and historical heritage objects. The purpose of this publication: to summarize the experience of organizing spaces with fountains, to explore the development of fountains as artistic and aesthetic objects of urban and landscape architecture. The fountains are considered as an integral part of the historical and architectural heritage of the country’s settlements, which is associated with outstanding historical events and the lives of famous people. Having traced the historical preconditions for the appearance of spaces with fountains, еxplored the circumstances that contributed to the development of sciences in Ukraine and the emergence of the first fountains as a synthesis of art and engineering, elements of a centralized water supply system of the settlement. Traced the influence of political, economic and ecological circumstances and the cultural needs of society for changes in the organization of spaces with fountains, where the buildings transformed their original functions from water distributors that meet drinking, household and religious needs into objects of improvement, artistic and aesthetic elements of urban architecture and pieces of garden art, artistic and aesthetic elements of landscape architecture, were studied.This publication presents the first part of the study, which covers the period of XVIII - XIX centuries. Серед країн Європи — Україна відзначається досить великою кількістю фонтанів. які є об’єктами монументального мистецтва, пам’ятками культурної та історичної спадщини. Мета даної публікації: узагальнити досвід організації просторів з фонтанами, дослідити розвиток фонтанів як художньо-естетичних об’єктів міської і ландшафтної архітектури. Фонтани розглядаються як невід’ємна складова історико-архітектурної спадщини населених пунктів країни, що пов’язана з видатними історичними подіями та життям відомих людей. Простеживши історичні передумови появи просторів з фонтанами, розглянуті обставини, які сприяли розвитку наук на Україні і появі перших фонтанів — як синтезу мистецтва і інженерії, елементів централізованої системи водопостачання населеного пункту. Досліджено вплив політичних, економічних і екологічних обставин і культурних потреб суспільства на зміни в організації просторів з фонтанами, де споруди — з розподільників води, які задовольняли питні, побутові та релігійні потреби — змінив початкові функції, трансформуються у об’єкти благоустрою, художньо-естетичні елементи міської архітектури і твори садово-паркового мистецтва, художньо естетичних елементи ландшафтної архітектури. У даній публікації представлена ​​перша частина дослідження, яка охоплює період ХVIII - XIX ст.

The article examines the impact of changes in public relations on the development of urban architecture. The issues of evolutionary formation of architectural space with the change of social relations were considered. It is highlighted that the development of urban architecture should be human-friendly and easily understood by it.

El taller tropical es un proyecto arquitectónico planteado para la comunidad del barrio Moravia en la ciudad de Medellín – Antioquia, el cual cuenta con una gran diversidad de culturas dado que su crecimiento se dio en forma de invasión ya que este era el antiguo basurero de la ciudad y los desplazados por la violencia encontraron entre los desechos una luz de esperanza para un nuevo comienzo, pero este crecimiento se dio muy acelerado y sin ningún tipo de planificación, provocando que en estos momentos el sector carezca de espacios adecuados para la interacción social, equipamientos educativos, espacios públicos, zonas verdes entre otras. Es por esto que la comunidad adecuo un lugar provisional en el cual ubicaron un taller tropical en el que desarrollan toda clase de actividades para dar a conocer sus diferentes culturas, pero este se encuentra ubicado en una de las terrazas de una vivienda, la cual no pueden seguir arrendando, además que el lugar es demasiado pequeño para la cantidad de habitantes del sector. Por ello se empieza la búsqueda de un nuevo lote donde ubicarse de forma definitiva y brindarle a los habitantes de Moravia y turistas zonas en las cuales se sientan ajusto y puedan dar a conocer un poquito de sus raíces. Se toma uno de los pocos lotes sin habitar y se plantea un proyecto en el cual se le regale a la comunidad la mayor parte para espacio publico y zonas verdes. Pero igual brindándoles espacios amplios y diversos donde puedan desarrollar toda clase de actividades y muestras culturales. The Taller Tropical is an architectural project proposed for the community of the Moravia neighborhood in Medellin - Antioquia city, which has a great diversity of cultures, since its growth was by invasion since this was the old dump of the city, and those displaced by violence found in the waste a light of hope for a new beginning, but this growth was very accelerated and without any planning, causing that in this time the sector does not have adequate spaces for social interaction, educational facilities, public spaces, green areas and others. That is why the community adapted a provisional place in which they located a Taller Tropical in which they develop all kinds of activities to divulge their different cultures, but this is located on one of the terraces of a house, which cannot continue to pay rent, plus the place is too small for the number of population of the sector. For this reason, we are looking for a new place where we can settle down definitively and offer the population of Moravia and tourists areas in which they feel comfortable and can show a little bit of their cultural roots. One of the few uninhabited places is taken and a project is planned in which the community is given most of the public space and green areas. But in the same way we offer them wide and diverse spaces where they can develop all kinds of activities and show their cultures. Pregrado

The world environmental problems have suffered from a prolonged period of seclusion in the eyes of the global community. Nevertheless; after the world has experienced a leap in various disciplines, preserving the environment has become a universal concern. Consequently, discussing the issue of “Innovative approaches towards preserving the environment” is a conversation of critical importance to alternate the societal way of thinking, moreover; shedding the light on the focal role of academic research is crucial to start reaching goals, instead of counting failures. The dire state of the world environmental problems demands innovative solutions that have the ability to tackle complex issues. The society is obligated to adopt dynamic approaches to successfully address the matters at hand. For instance, if we look closely at the topic of climate change, it is quite apparent that the issue needs to be examined from different angles, and inventive solutions need to surface. The preservation of the environment is every person’s concern as it impacts climate change, biodiversity, energy efficiency, renewable energy, recycling, land degradation, natural resources protection, natural disaster rates and agricultural production. In order to reach a permanent solution, a set of skills and modernized knowledge of multiple fields need to be put in action, such as behavioral science, community involvement, politics and economics. The execution of the answers to numerous environmental problems must be implemented through harmoniously coordinating the efforts of the participants with their different backgrounds. The bearing of these solutions through time has to be achieved through acknowledging the complexity of the issues and the readiness to change the current hierarchy of the environmental management. Although the environmental issues are measurable, researchers are always faced with some level of scientific uncertainty, in addition to the uncontrollable factor of the ever-changing nature of the climate. Hence, society needs to adopt a dynamic mindset to flourish in prosperity.

This researching work studies the epigraphic mention of the use of own capital sources in the inscriptions of the women who promote civic architecture in Hispania and in the roman provinces of the north of Africa. It evaluates the capacity of independent agency of these women and also it analyzes their heterogeneous legal, economic and social features with the aim of contributing to a better definition of the municipal élite in these roman provinces. El estudio de la mención del uso de recursos propios en la epigrafía de las promotoras de arquitectura cívica en Hispania y en las provincias romanas del norte de África permite valorar esta expresión en el contexto de la capacidad de agencia autónoma de estas benefactoras, poniéndola en relación con la situación jurídica, civil y familiar de estas mujeres; igualmente, el análisis de las heterogéneas características económicas y sociales de las mismas ayuda a una más completa definición de las élites municipales de estas provincias romanas.

International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 8, 3, 169-181

In this article a historiographical approach is made, from colonial times to the twentieth century, of events that have influenced the configuration of the social and urban morphology of the central district of the Barva City, Heredia, Costa Rica. This space is displayed as result of joint cultural and socioeconomic processes that are expressed in its buildings and land management; for this reason, it is resorted to analyze different documentary sources to complement findings and build an interpretation of the city that transcends its material dimension. En este artículo se hace un abordaje historiográfico, desde la colonia hasta el siglo XX, de acontecimientos que han incidido en la configuración de la morfología social y urbana del Distrito Central de la ciudad de Barva, en Heredia, Costa Rica. Se muestra este espacio como el resultado de la articulación de procesos culturales y socioeconómicos que se plasman en edificios y en el ordenamiento territorial; por esta razón, se recurre al análisis de distintas fuentes documentales para complementar hallazgos y construir una interpretación de la ciudad que trascienda su dimensión material.

Cities and territories share structural references to a common environmental ontology, in which space perception and representation play a major role. Many human abilities deal with space management, whose ontology can be useful in building intelligent machines in which space conceptualization plays a fundamental role. Space organizing is an important human ability, in which sensorial and mental abilities intriguingly interact. The analysis of human intelligent abilities in this functional perspective helps in shedding light on aspects otherwise erroneously given for granted. Human agents conceptualize, design and organize spaces for human organizations, for example in architectural design, by using numerous routine and non-routine cognitive processes often analysed. Yet automated reasoning/design agents still provide only bad copies of human performances . Here, creativity is postulated as a non-routine sophisticated human cognitive function, a conscious and intentional process for redefining agents’ situations in the world in new ways. Even if the concept of creativity remains controversial, an increasing number of cognitive scientists considers creativity as a specific part of the ordinary cognitive equipment of the human agent, to be used in certain situations, not confined to a limited set of exceptional human agents .In this context, we assume that it is worthwhile adding spatial domain to the other domains of creativity studied in cognitive science. We also assume that space understanding and space organizing can be fruitfully analyzed and modelled by paying attention to both routine and non-routine (creative) cognitive functions. The domain of civil architecture is a relevant domain of spatial knowledge and action and of course of spatial organization. In it, aesthetics and art, based on creativity mechanisms, play an important role. Studies on architectural creativity based on self-biographies by leading architects (who usually motivate their designs with memories of other designs or spaces, or architectures, experienced by them in the past) prove that spatial memory has primary importance on creativity. The paper carries out an introductory discussion on such issues, by analysing the case studies of single-agent and multi-agent spatial organizations under the level of spatial design. The paper explores possible modelling approaches and system architectures supporting cognition-oriented activities in spatial organizations.

After decades of being deemed the idealistic hobby of a niche group of fanatics, Green has finally entered the mainstream of the architectural service industry. However, most architects and urban planners are not yet adequately equipped to translate the challenges of climate change and resource and energy depletion into integrated sustainable solutions. Parametric Bioclimatic Design is an approach that fuses the concepts of climate responsive design, resource efficiency and comfort at the interior, building and urban scales. It combines a range of existing methodologies and tools for elaborating design constraints to incorporate a broad range of sustainability issues into the design process. Climate and comfort are brought into alignment, forming valuable design instruments that link the realms of architecture, engineering and building. The aim is to develop regionally specific, climate responsive designs that are socially and culturally embedded in the local context through the appropriate use of materials, stateof-the-art technologies and building traditions. When combined with smart processes and financial constructions, this approach will help designers to contribute to the positive development of social, economic and ecological capital. The research chair for Sustainable Architecture and Urban (Re)Design at Rotterdam University of Applied Science is headed by Professor Duzan Doepel. Trained in South Africa and the Netherlands, Doepel draws on third world design and development strategies to inform the local sustainability discourse. His practice, DOEPEL STRIJKERS, strives to bridge the gap between research and design through the realisation of integrated sustainable interior and architectural projects and the development of urban strategies.

After decades of being deemed the idealistic hobby of a niche group of fanatics, Green has finally entered the mainstream of the architectural service industry. However, most architects and urban planners are not yet adequately equipped to translate the challenges of climate change and resource and energy depletion into integrated sustainable solutions. Parametric Bioclimatic Design is an approach that fuses the concepts of climate responsive design, resource efficiency and comfort at the interior, building and urban scales. It combines a range of existing methodologies and tools for elaborating design constraints to incorporate a broad range of sustainability issues into the design process. Climate and comfort are brought into alignment, forming valuable design instruments that link the realms of architecture, engineering and building. The aim is to develop regionally specific, climate responsive designs that are socially and culturally embedded in the local context through the appropriate use of materials, stateof-the-art technologies and building traditions. When combined with smart processes and financial constructions, this approach will help designers to contribute to the positive development of social, economic and ecological capital. The research chair for Sustainable Architecture and Urban (Re)Design at Rotterdam University of Applied Science is headed by Professor Duzan Doepel. Trained in South Africa and the Netherlands, Doepel draws on third world design and development strategies to inform the local sustainability discourse. His practice, DOEPEL STRIJKERS, strives to bridge the gap between research and design through the realisation of integrated sustainable interior and architectural projects and the development of urban strategies.

Meanings and roles of memories and creativity in spatial organizations are raising increasing attention among scholars and professionals. Creativity in cognition-oriented spatial studies is gradually seen as a normal feature of an organization. This thesis is supported, e.g., by the evidences on the role of memory in the most creative parts of the activity of architects, combined with exceptional association abilities representing the real bulk of creativity. The present paper addresses the discussion of such issues, by analysing case studies of single-agent and multi-agent spatial organization under two levels of spatial navigation and space design. The paper explores possible modelling approaches and system architectures supporting cognition-oriented activities in spatial organizations.

Compared to making a city solely out of one building, it is rather important for people to understand what roles a building can play in a city; especially within urban condition. How a building could actually react and respond to certain human perceptions and functions as an element of a city has become a significant issue. From place to place, the city mutates in several different phases, such as usage, terrain, orientation and material. Therefore, to embrace the urban situation and to optimize the space emerged as the main element of the whole thesis. The particular character of the site starts this program as a mix-usage building from the beginning. Whether it is the usage or orientation that mutates along the city, they should finally come to a concord of optimization and solution that represents the city either on the street or in the sky. Master of Architecture

Throughout the process of trying to manage decisions and objects coming together in a designated area of the city, questions are faced that are generated by more than one set of circumstances, the many histories of a place, its geology and typology and topology, the balance of pragmatism and idealism — the issue of whether or not to even engage in these dialogues... In the end the project must be for and about the citizenry — in all their many shapes and sizes — here are more issues and less clarity! It seems to me now that such a project must be run through a succession of cycles of construction and destruction, and I say this having watched this project settle a bit more with each rewrite and rehearsal. It also became painstakingly clear that the architectural idea that is to undergo this many washings needs to be a solid one. The overarching question engaged in the project and the one that remains is, simply, what does it mean to build in this city? I look forward to be able to try to answer it again and again. Master of Architecture

Urbanity ls the use of the in-between spaces; use of every available lot, every square inch of space. Master of Architecture