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A retrospective analysis was conducted on 58 patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal tumors and 27 patients with benign vocal cord lesions to explore the role of serum cytokines in these diseases’ characteristics and immunotherapy. The differences in the levels of 12 cytokines were measured. Additionally, the study examined the correlation between T helper cells (Th)1/Th2 cytokine levels and the clinical characteristics and immunotherapy efficacy of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers. The results show that the balance of Th1/Th2 is biased towards Th2 in patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal tumors. Among these, interleukin (IL)-6 (P = 0.021) was highly expressed in laryngeal tumors, and the expression levels of IL-1β (P = 0.008), IL-6 (P = 0.005), and IL-8 (P = 0.05) were higher in patients with poorly differentiated laryngeal tumors. The level of IL-4 (P = 0.0048) was significantly correlated with tumor location. The expression levels of IL-2 (P = 0.010), IL-4 (P = 0.028), IL-10 (P = 0.011), IL-12p70 (P = 0.034), IL-17 (P = 0.024), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (P = 0.003), and interferon (IFN)-γ (P = 0.007) were related to lymph node metastasis. The level of IFN-γ (P = 0.016) was correlated with the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy, while the level of IFN-α (P = 0.013) was significantly correlated with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) results showed that patients with tumors, poor differentiation, and lymph node metastasis had higher levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokine separation. In conclusion, the shift in the balance of Th1 and Th2 cytokine expression indicates higher tumor invasiveness, and IFN has potential as a circulating molecular marker for immunotherapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological distribution and temporal trends of liver cancer incidence among Luzhou residents from 2016‒2022， and to provide a theoretical basis for improving liver cancer prevention and treatment strategies in Luzhou.MethodsData on liver cancer incidence among Luzhou residents from 2016 to 2022 were collected， and the incidence rate， age-specific incidence rate， and annual percentage change （APC） were calculated. A Joinpoint regression model was used to fit a time series segment to the monthly number of new cases in each district and county of Luzhou to explore the trend of liver cancer incidence rate.ResultsThe incidence rate of liver cancer in Luzhou increased from 22.96/105 in 2016 to 32.31/105 in 2022. The incidence rate of liver cancer in men was higher than that in women in both 2016 and 2022， and the incidence rate of liver cancer in men increased from 34.83/105 in 2016 to 47.95/105 in 2022， with an APC of 3.3%； the incidence rate of liver cancer in women increased from 10.50/105 in 2016 to 15.95/105 in 2022， with an APC of 3.0%， and the differences in the change trends were not statistically significant （P>0.05）.The incidence of liver cancer was low in the age group of 0‒

This paper proposes the use of aperture sharing synergistic operation in the structure of the metalens, together with the rational selection of the scattering unit size according to the linear relationship between the output phase and frequency of the scattering unit, and the selection of the slope of the phase variation with frequency, combined with the modulation of the phase change material Ge2Sb2Te5 crystallization rate m value, in the set wavelength band, for different wavelengths of incident light through the metasurface can produce a uniform phase distribution. The method is used to achieve a polarization-insensitive achromatic metalens in the 9.5-13 μm continuous wavelength band by adjusting the m value of the phase transition material Ge2Sb2Te5 crystallization rate and producing a phase distribution with a uniform focal length for different wavelengths of incident light passing through the metasurface. The simulation results show that the focal length of the achromatic metasurface varies by 3.57 μm in the working band, with an error of about 4.3% from the set focal length, and the full width of the half-peak of the focal point at all wavelengths of incidence reaches the diffraction limit, and the focusing efficiency exceeds 60%. The achromatic metalens proposed in this paper provides a new idea for the design of achromatic metasurfaces and promotes the research of phase change materials in broadband achromatic metasurfaces.

Objective To investigate the role of silent information regulator 3 (Sirt3) in glioma U87 cells, and provide new targets for early diagnosis and treatment of glioma. Methods Based on the China Brain Glioma Database (CGGA) and GEPIA2 database, the expression of Sirt3 in different grades of glioma was analyzed by bioinformatics, and the protein level of Sirt3 in the adjacent and tumor samples of 6 glioma patients was further detected by Western blotting. Then, shRNA lentivirus and CRISPR/Cas9 system were used to interfere with the expression of Sirt3 in U87 cells, and TUNEL staining, PI-Annexin V double fluorescent labeling and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins(Bax, Cleaved-caspase3) and lysosome membrane proteins (LAMP1, LAMP2, LAMP2A), TFEB, mTOR, and other proteins. Then mTOR small molecule inhibitor, rapamycin was employed to treat Sirt3 knockdown cells, the changes in related proteins and cell apoptosis were detected. In addition, nuclear and cytoplasmic separation experiments were carried out on U87 cells before and after Sirt3 knockout, and protein change of p-TFEB was detected. Finally, the change of lysosome membrane protein after overexpression of TFEB and Sirt3 was detected in U87 cells with knocking down and out of Sirt3. Results Sirt3 was significantly highly expressed in glioma tissue, and the level was closely associated with poor survival of the glioma patients. Sirt3 knockdown significantly enhanced cell apoptosis (P < 0.01), down-regulated the expression of LAMP1, LAMP2 and LAMP2A (P < 0.01), and improved the expression of p-mTOR (P < 0.01). Additionally, Sirt3 knockout also up-regulated p-TFEB protein level in the cytoplasm fraction (P < 0.01) while, in the Sirt3 knockout U87 cells, its overexpression reserved the protein levels of LAMP1 and LAMP2 and increased the amount of lysosome. In the Sirt3 knockdown cells, overexpression of TFEB resulted in up-regulation of LAMPs proteins(P < 0.01). Conclusion Sirt3 may affect the nuclear-cytoplasmic distribution of TFEB by regulating the mTOR signaling pathway, up-regulate the expression of LAMPs, enhance the function of lysosome, and then promote the survival and malignant proliferation of glioma cells. Our study suggests that Sirt3 may be a molecular marker for clinical diagnosis and progression of glioma.

Fabry disease is an X-linked inherited lysosomal storage disease caused by the mutation of GLA gene that encodes α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A). GLA gene mutation causes the decline or deficiency in the activity of α-Gal A, leading to the accumulation of its substrates in the lysosomes of multiple organs and tissue that causes systemic damage and threatens the life of patients. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is the standard of care for Fabry disease. ERT slows or prevents the progression of organ damage, effectively improving heart, brain, kidney functions and significantly improves quality of life. At present, there are two main ERT drugs, agalsidase alpha and agalsidase beta, which have the same amino acid sequence and different N-terminal sugars, and are used for the treatment of Fabry disease. In this paper, the efficacy and safety of ERT in the treatment of Fabry disease were summarized by reviewing the relevant literature at home and abroad and combining the results of some cases treated in Department of Nephrology, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University. Previous literature has shown that enzyme replacement therapy is the most important specific treatment for Fabry disease, which has a protective effect on important organs such as kidney, heart, and nervous system.

Plateau is characterized by low oxygen, low pressure, strong radiation, cold and dryness, among which low oxygen is the main factor that affects the normal life activities of human body. Altitude hypoxia leads to significant changes in the metabolic characteristics of drugs in vivo, which in turn affects the efficacy and adverse actions of drugs. This paper summarizes the present situation of rational drug use in plateau area and pinpoints the existing problems. Meanwhile, we posit the strategies and measures for realizing rational and precise pharmacotherapy of plateau residents. First, we need to acquire a panoramic view of differential and relative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in between plateau area and plain area by carrying out comparative studies on drug metabolisms and on comprehensive drug efficacies and mechanisms. Second, we must apply the findings from basic research to clinical practice and formulate guidelines and recommendations of drug use for plateau habitants. Finally, we should eventually achieve precise and individualized drug use for plateau habitants based on their characteristic etiology and pathogenesis.

ObjectiveTo determine the pathogen and phylogenetic characteristics of an uncommon outbreak of recombinant norovirus infection in Daishan County in February 2022.MethodsFluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the norovirus in the eight anal swabs collected in the outbreak. In the positive samples， reverse transcription PCR were used to amplify the norovirus. Norovirus sequences were characterized by MEGA7 and Simplot.ResultsNorovirus GⅠ was identified in all eight anal samples. It was further determined to be recombinant norovirus GⅠ.6 ［P11］， with the recombination site at the ORF1-ORF2 junction. The sequence had the highest nucleotide identity （98.75%） to a GⅠ.6［P11］ strain collected in 2018 （GenBank accession number MT357995）.ConclusionAccording to the etiological identification and phylogenetic analysis， this outbreak is confirmed to be caused by the uncommon recombinant norovirus GⅠ.6 ［P11］ in China.

BackgroundNECP-SARAX is a neutronics analysis code system for advanced reactors developed by the Nuclear Engineering Computational Physics Laboratory team of Xi'an Jiaotong University. In the past few years, a considerable amount of verification and validation work has been done based on CEFR, PHENIX, SUPERPHENIX, JOYO MK-I, ZPR, and ZPPR reactors. The results indicate that NECP-SARAX offers high performance for fast spectrum reactor analysis. Meanwhile, the fuel and control rod assemblies of these reactors are used for verification of the cross-section generation code TULIP. While TULIP has demonstrated promising preliminary results in fast spectrum system analysis, a comprehensive systematic verification and validation process remains essential.PurposeThis study aims to validate the applicability of TULIP code for various fast spectrum systems.MethodFirstly, a total of 147 critical experiment benchmarks were selected from ICSBEP and used for analysis. The initial results demonstrated that the keff bias between TULIP and Monte Carlo codes exceeded 10-2 for an experimental benchmark with a thick reflector. Then, a homogeneous two-nuclide problem simplified from the HMF021-002 benchmark was subsequently used to analyze this phenomenon, and the intermediate-weight nuclides had resonance-like fluctuating scattering cross sections above the resonance energy. Finally, to address this phenomenon, the TULIP code was undergone enhancements, mainly focusing on optimizing the resonance calculation strategy and method using ultra fine group to deal with thee self-shielding effect of resonance-like cross sections in the non resonant region under high loading of intermediate-weight nuclides.ResultsIn a fast spectrum system with a large amount of structural material, the self-shielding effect of the resonance-like cross section of the intermediate-weight nuclides above the resonance range becomes non-negligible. The optimized TULIP method reduces the keff bias to within 3×10-3 for these benchmarks with a thick reflector.ConclusionsNew numerical results indicate that the enhanced TULIP code has good performance for various fast spectrum system analyses.

Objective In this study, short⁃term prognosis of cerebral revascularization was evaluated by comparative analysis of patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) with different disease types and different bypass. Methods A total of 44 patients with MMD treated in Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2010 to October 2011 were enrolled. All patients underwent cerebral revascularization. The improvement of neurological function was evaluated by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) 3 months after surgery, and the improvement of clinical symptoms was observed. DSA or CTA were reviewed to determine whether the bridge vessels were unobstructed and surgical complications were recorded. Results DSA or CTA reexamination showed that the anastomosis was unobstructed, and no surgical complications occurred. Patients with MMD were divided into 3 groups according to the onset type: ischemic, hemorrhagic and mixed. Compared with hemorrhagic type and mixed type, neurological function improved 3 months after surgery in patients with ischemic type (χ2=3.853, P=0.001; χ2=4.110, P=0.001) and improvement of clinical symptoms (χ2=3.934, P=0.000; χ2=4.138, P=0.000) were better. According to the operation type, the patients were divided into 4 groups: anterior⁃frontal, anterior⁃temporal, posterior⁃frontal and posterior⁃temporal bypass. The improvement of neurological function in anterior⁃frontal bypass group was higher than that in anterior⁃temporal bypass group (χ2=2.079, P=0.038). The improvement of neurological function and clinincal symptooms in posterior⁃frontal bypass group were higher than those in anterior⁃temporal bypass group (χ2=2.909; P=0.004; χ2=2.812, P=0.005), and those in posterior⁃frontal bypass group were also higher than those in posterior⁃temporal bypass group (χ2=2.295, P=0.022; χ2=2.580, P=0.010). Conclusions Compared with the other 2 groups, symptoms of ischemic MMD may improved better than before, and the intraoperative selection of posterior⁃frontal and anterior⁃frontal bypass may be better than anterior⁃temporal and posterior⁃temporal bypass.

The integrity and durability of metal coatings have a great influence on the medium corrosion resistance of steel structures. When the anti-corrosive coating was partially damaged or microcracked, the micro-nano capsule filler could produce a stress response to the changes in the micro-environment under the coating, release corrosion-inhibiting substances or polymer monomers, and realize the self-healing of the coating, filling the voids, and thereby significantly improving the medium corrosion resistance of coating. In this work, the principle of micro-nano self-healing coating was introduced firstly. Taking several new micro-nano fillers such as mesoporous SiO2, layered double hydroxide, halloysite nanotubes and metal organic framework compounds as representatives, their application, advantages and disadvantages in self-healing high corrosion resistant coatings were summarized and forecasted briefly, which could provide several ideas for the development of high corrosion resistant and long-lasting coatings.

Temporin-GHa (GHa) was cloned from Hylarana guentheri, showing a weak antimicrobial activity. In order to improve its bactericidal efficacy, GHaR6R, GHaR7R, GHaR8R and GHaR9W were designed and synthesized. Compared to the parent peptide, the GHa-derived peptides show potent antimicrobial activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which is the main pathogen with high morbidity and mortality that causes various infections in humans. These peptides exert bactericidal actions on MRSA by permeabilizing the cytoplasmic membranes and damaging membrane integrity. All of the four peptides exhibit excellent stability under harsh conditions, including extreme temperature and salts. Furthermore, they inhibit the formation of biofilm and eradicate mature biofilm of MRSA. The GHa-derived peptides decrease bacterial surface hydrophobicity, autoaggregation and polysaccharide intercellular adhesion synthesis in concentration-dependent manner. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis revealed that the peptides downregulate the expression of adhesion genes icaADBC involved in biofilm formation. Except for GHaR7R, the other three peptides have low hemolytic toxicity against human erythrocytes. In the presence of human erythrocytes, GHaR7R, GHaR8R and GHaR9W interact with MRSA preferentially. GHaR6R, GHaR8R and GHaR9W show less toxicity toward normal cells HL-7702 and hFOB1.19. These results suggest that the GHa-derived peptides may be promising antimicrobial candidates against MRSA infections.

Bending fatigue failure is one of the main failure modes for gears in transmission system, shot peening is an important gear strengthen technology. In order to study the influence of shot peening on gear bending fatigue characteristics, 20 MnCr5 carburized involute cylindrical spur gear was adopted as study object. The effect of shot peening on gear surface integrity were analyzed before and after shot peening, coinciding with our products. Bending fatigue test was carried out with the single tooth loading method, afterwards, based on the observation of the failure fracture surfaces by scanning electron microscope（SEM）, the differences of failure characteristics in the crack source areas before and after shot peening were analyzed. It is found that shot peening can greatly improve gear surface integrity, although it has a negative effect on the gear surface corrugation. Shot peening can effectively increase gear bending strength and restrain the crack initiation from the gear surface.

Biomedical magnesium alloys exhibit high specific strength, low density, proper elastic modulus, biodegradability, good biocompatibility and biomechanical compatibility, thus show extensive application perspective in bone fixation and cardiovascular stent.However, fast and nonuniform corrosion of magnesium alloys may easily cause the premature loss of mechanical integrity that restricts their clinical application in load bearing. In this paper, the research progress of magnesium alloys was systematically reviewed from the aspects of corrosion modes, the intrinsic and external factors affecting corrosion resistance, improvement of intrinsic corrosion resistance and surface modification, and the future development trend of corrosion resistance of biomedical magnesium alloys was prospected. On the one hand, the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys can be improved by means such as low alloying, high purification and fine crystallization. On the other hand, reliable coatings are designed from the aspects of corrosion resistance, antibacterial and drug loading. In addition, corrosion media, flow field, stress and other in-body service factors should be considered comprehensively to study the corrosion degradation behavior and mechanism of magnesium alloy implanted devices.

ObjectiveTo establish a new method for observable, easy and accurate non-invasive intratracheal instillation in rats.MethodsDisposable medical syringes and capillaries were used to make the sampler. Optical fiber was used to achieve visualization. Soap water was used to check if the intubation is correct. Sampler was introduced into rat trachea through endotracheal tube. Twenty rats were randomly divided into two groups and instilled with 0.9% saline solution or fine particulate matter (PM2.5) suspension, respectively.ResultsThe operation were performed successfully for 120 times in the 20 rats. HE staining was observed after 24 h of the last instillation. The pathological morphological changes of the lungs were induced by intratracheal instillation of PM2.5, which were similar to those of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).ConclusionThe improved method of non-invasive intratracheal instillation is simple, rapid, and safe, and requires no special equipment, which can be widely used in experiments for respiratory tract administration.

As the social economy is further developed, there have been increasingly severe ecological and environmental issues. For instance, rivers located in mountainous areas are often encountered with the issue of zero flow. The ecological base flow was put forward to ensure the continuous flow of rivers, to realize the minimum ecological function, and to meet the most fundamental requirements of sustaining the river ecosystem. Wulong River Basin in Yantai City of China was taken as example here. Based on the runoff data collected in the Tuanwang Hydrological Station from 1960 to 2016, the measured runoff data was restored to natural runoff sequence by adopting the item-by-item investigation method. The different ecological base flows of Wulong River were calculated by adopting the Tennant Method, the Qp90 Method, the Texas Method, the Base Flow Ratio Method, the Tessman Method, and Wetted Perimeter Method. The research findings have shown that the Base Flow Ratio Method proves to be the optimal approach for calculating the ecological base flow of Wulong River. Based on the analysis of the assurance degree of ecological base flow, the period from April to June is the period with the lowest assurance degree of ecological base flow.

With the rapid development of information technology and the continuous improvement of citizens’ online participation, the rapid dissemination of public opinion through new media platforms has led to frequent incidents of online public opinion. The governance of network public opinion is difficult to achieve the desired effect only by relying on the power of the government, and the coordinated governance of network public opinion can become a realistic path to break the situation. This paper is based on the practical dilemma faced by network public opinion governance in the era of big data: big data information collection and processing are independent; The governance subjects are complex, and the rights and responsibilities between the management entities are not clear; Insufficient motivation to participate among governance subjects; Issues such as insufficient legalization of public opinion governance, and proposing to establish a government-led network public opinion data management optimization system; Improve the collaborative governance mechanism of multiple subjects of network public opinion; Implement the construction of network public opinion common interests and value system; Adhere to suggestions such as legalized collaborative governance of network public opinion to optimize the collaborative governance system of network public opinion.

Ionospheric diurnal double maxima (DDM) is a twin-peak pattern in the ionospheric electron density/total electron content (TEC) during the daytime. Understanding the characteristics of DDM is essential to study the physical mechanisms of the ionosphere. In this paper, the vertical TEC data (VTEC) in 2019–2020 derived from 537 globally distributed GPS stations were used to investigate the DDM phenomenon. The results reveal that the occurrence rate of DDMs is roughly quasi-symmetrical about the magnetic equator. In the northern hemisphere, it first increases, then decreases, and finally increases with the increase of magnetic latitude. The DDM phenomenon also exhibits significant seasonal variation. It mainly appears in summer/winter in the northern/southern hemisphere, and the valley and the second peak usually appear earlier in winter and later in summer. According to the difference in the magnitude of the two peaks of DDM, the DDM phenomenon is mainly manifested as the front peak significant type or the posterior peak significant type. The probability of the former shows an M-shaped variation with increasing longitude in the middle and high latitudes of the northern hemisphere and an inverted V-shaped variation in the high latitudes of the southern hemisphere within 180°W~60°W. The probability of the posterior peak significant type shows a trend opposite to the front peak significant type in each area. The occurrence time of DDM structures is usually about one hour later in low-latitude regions than in other regions, and the duration is usually shorter than in other regions. The relative magnitude of the DDM’s twin peaks in low-latitude regions is usually smaller than in other regions.

Grinding balls in wet ball mill are important consumables in mine grinding equipment, which have poor wear resistance and large consumption. It is imperative to find excellent wear-resistant materials for the grinding balls. Carbidic Austempered Ductile Iron (referred to as CADI) was used as small and medium-sized wet ball mills. This grinding ball has the advantages of less wear, low crushing rate, power saving and low noise. However, the CADI grain boundaries are distributed with net-like eutectic carbides, which seriously damage the continuity of the matrix. In addition, the mechanism of corrosion wear and impact fatigue is lack of research due to complex phase composition and unclear mechanism of phase properties on improving performance. So CADI can’t be applied to the grinding balls in large wet ball mill. Based on the above problems, this paper first analyzed the heteronucleation mechanism and adsorption mechanism of M3C type carbides by using the first principle of microalloying elements, and then verified it by combining with experimental results. Then the thermodynamics and kinetics of austenite homogenization and isothermal transformation of ductile iron containing carbides were analyzed by means of modeling calculation and experiment. On this basis, a new type heat treatment process comprising super-high temperature pretreatment and austempering treatment (S&A treatment) was used to process CADI, which provides a new idea for further improving toughness of CADI. Finally, the CADI corrosion wear and impact fatigue failure mechanism were revealed by analyzing the change rule of the sample surface and cross section after corrosion wear and impact fatigue.

In order to study the characteristics of thermal environment and comfort of residential buildings during winter in hot summer and cold winter (HSCW) climate zone of China, this study conducted a questionnaire survey and field test. It was found that 70.9% of residential buildings in HSCW climate zone had space heating equipment, among that the percentage of air conditioning, electric equipment (electric oil-filled radiator and fan heater) and other were 56.0%, 27.6% and 16.4%, respectively. Furthermore, 77.3% (48.7%) of residents only heat their bedrooms (living rooms), and 76.5% of residents heat their rooms only in cold weather, which shows the “part-space” and “part-time” space heating characteristics in HSCW climate zone. For rooms with space heating, the thermal environment is category I in general, but more than 30% of these residents hope a higher indoor temperature. For rooms without space heating, the indoor temperature is below the hygiene limit of 12°C, which belongs to category II, but thermal feeling for 55% of residents is cold and 90.9% of residents hope a warmer indoor environment. The results indicated that the existing evaluation criteria in HSCW climate zone are inconsistent with the thermal sensation and expectation, and an advanced evaluation criterion is needed.

In order to improve the thermal environment of residential buildings in winter for Xinjiang, this research conducted a field test and a survey of residential buildings under typical heating methods. The results show that the indoor temperature and humidity are dynamically changing, and the variation of central heating and gas wall-mounted furnace fluctuated less than that of coal heating. Furthermore, the thermal environment evaluation shows that the thermal comfort level under gas wall-mounted furnace heating are the highest, which belongs to category Ⅰ. For the central heating and coal stove, only 12% and 26% of buildings achieve to category Ⅱ. Moreover, it is found that the acceptable temperature range of coal furnace heating residents can be as low as 19.5°C, while that of central heating and gas wall-mounted furnace heating is 20.3°C~25.7°C, which relate to the clothing insulation of residents under different heating methods. In addition, all residents almost have the same habit of window opening behaviour during heating period, and 72% of residents open windows for ventilation. Correspondingly, 62% of residents feel dry during heating season, which induce xerosis cutis, dry mouth and other uncomfortable symptom, and can be improved by using humidifier, planting plants and so on.