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Aims and objectives To examine discrimination and resilience experiences of people who identify as transgender and establish potential health service responses. Background People who identify as transgender face many challenges in society in terms of the knowledge, understanding and acceptance of a person's gender identity. Design A narrative review of quantitative empirical research. Methods A comprehensive search of CINAHL, MEDLINE, Psyc INFO and Sociological Abstracts electronic databases from 2006-2016 was conducted. Results The search yielded 1,478 papers and following the application of rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria a total of 19 papers were included in the review. The findings reveal that there is a need to ensure that the needs of transgender people are represented, fully integrated and clearly linked to outcomes that improve their health and quality of life. Conclusions Discrimination experiences can result in poorer health outcomes; however, many people have developed resilience and positive coping strategies. Relevance to clinical practice Nurses need to recognise and respond appropriately to the care and treatment needs of this population. Comprehensive nursing assessments and plans of care that encompass all aspects of the person should be in place supported by clear policy guidelines and evidence-based research. The education requirements of practitioners are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims To explore responses to indirect trauma reported by health professionals and to identify issues of potential salience for midwives. Background Indirect exposure to a traumatic event can lead to the development of distressing and potentially enduring responses. Little is understood about the impact that perinatal trauma exposure could have on midwives. Design An integrative review design was used. Data sources PsychInfo, Medline, PsychArticles, Web of Knowledge, CINAHL, MIDIRS and Scopus databases were search for papers published between 1980-November 2012. Review methods Studies providing quantitative or qualitative exploration of healthcare professionals' responses to indirectly experienced traumatic events were selected. Results Forty-two papers fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Four of these studies included professionals engaged in maternity care or exposed to traumatic perinatal events. Findings indicate evidence of intrusion, avoidance and arousal in healthcare professionals, with differing degrees of frequency. Empathy, work-related stress and the extent of professional experience were identified as associated with traumatic stress responses. Conclusions Evidence derived from healthcare professionals suggests that indirect exposure to the traumatic events of recipients of care can sometimes elicit traumatic stress responses. Factors increasing risk for traumatic stress were identified as empathy and organizational stress. These factors hold specific salience in midwifery. Responding to trauma in a midwifery context, as informed by findings from other healthcare professionals, could adversely affect midwives' well-being, care provided to women and contribute to an adverse organizational climate. Large-scale research considering the experiences of midwives is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior literature examining the antecedents of employee affect has largely ignored subtle affective influences in the workplace and their impact on employees' affective experiences and behaviors. A substantial body of evidence from basic psychology research suggests that individuals' affect can be influenced by minimal stimulus input. The primary objective of this research is to take an initial step towards understanding the 'real-world' impact of subtle affective stimuli in the workplace. Specifically, in a field experiment with a within-subjects design, we collected data from 68 sales representatives and examined the effect of a subtle affective stimulus (i.e., a black-and-white picture of a woman smiling printed on the backdrop of paper-pencil surveys) on employees' affect, well-being, and performance. Results showed that the smiling picture significantly enhanced participants' positive affect, which in turn influenced employees' extra-role performance and emotional exhaustion. The smiling picture also indirectly influenced employees' in-role performance and emotional exhaustion via negative affect. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed at the end of the paper. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary • Theoretical frameworks that are multidimensional provides a standpoint within nursing practice to acknowledge that such care requires the ability to recognize and tailor services to meet the needs of diverse individuals. • Theoretical praxis advocate for a type of raised consciousness that regards how social structures operate to oppress some members of society while systematically privileging others. • It is through critical praxis that action can be mitigated to examine the existing social realities for Aboriginal women and serve to reduce these inequities. This paper describes theories from various disciplines that are useful in conceptualizing and reflecting on the mental health of Aboriginal women. Critical social theory (sociology), Parse's human becoming theory (nursing) and ecological systems theory (developmental psychology) are considered valuable theories that aid in nursing praxis. These papers discuss how these different theoretical approaches are beneficial for achieving different goals and therefore provide important foundational underpinnings to challenging traditional assumptions that effect human behaviour and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary: What is known on the subject?: Depression affects 1 in 20 Americans, and people living with HIV experience depression at 2–3 times the rate of the general population.Recent research has shown that a person's level of social connectedness (e.g., social networks) is important to understanding their health and ability to get help when they need it.The scientific rationale of this work is to determine whether there is a direct relationship between levels of depression and a measure of social connectedness in people with HIV who are at higher than normal risk of depression and depressive symptoms. What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: We examined the relationship between levels of depression and social capital in people living with HIV to determine whether depression may influence their beliefs about their social connectedness and available resources.We found that as depression increases, self‐reported social capital decreases, suggesting that people living with HIV who are depressed may feel less socially connected and/or not be confident they can access resources when they need them. What are the implications for practice: Mental health nurses are particularly well‐positioned to help people living with HIV who are living with depression by helping them build skills for building and maintaining relationships, adhering to co‐administered HIV and mental health medical treatments, and helping these individuals to identify and address barriers to social connectedness.Helping people living with HIV to address depression and promoting social connectedness can not only improve quality of life, but have major long‐term health benefits. Introduction: People living with HIV (PLWH) are disproportionately burdened by depression, with estimates as high as 80% of PLWH reporting depressive symptoms. Depression in PLWH is complex, and has been linked with biological and psychosocial causes, including low social capital. Few studies have examined the relationship between social capital and depression in PLWH. Aim/Question: We conducted a secondary analysis of the relationship between social capital (Social Capital Scale score) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory‐II scores) to determine whether depression predicted levels of social capital in a sample of 108 PLWH. Results: Depression was significantly associated with lower social capital r(105) = −.465 p <.001. Depression remained a significant predictor of social capital in the linear regression model, F(5,101) = 8.508, p <.000, R2 = 0.296, when controlling for age and education level. Discussion: Our results suggest that depression may be a significant predictor of low social capital, and these factors may have cyclical relationships that explain persistent depression in this population. Implications for practice: Mental health nurses are particularly well‐positioned to help PLWH who are living with depression by helping them build skills for building and maintaining relationships, adhering to co‐administered HIV and mental health medical treatments, and helping these individuals to identify and address barriers to social connectedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary: What is known on the subject?: Contemporary mental health policy stipulates consumer participation in all aspects of mental health services including service evaluation and other forms of mental health research.Research is identified as underpinning quality mental health services, and therefore, consumers researchers could enhance the mental health sector by contributing to the quality, credibility and relevance of mental health research. What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: Non‐consumer researchers generally supported the concept of a consumer expert reference group for researchers at the individual and institutional level.A consumer expert reference group should reflect diversity and offer expertise relevant to the topic of research and may represent one way to normalize partnerships with consumer researchers and realize the benefits they can bring to research. What are the implications for practice?: Quality mental health services are underpinned by robust research evidence. It is crucial that consumers are active participants in research activity.The availability of a consumer expert reference group could facilitate collaborations between consumer and non‐consumer researchers and contribute to a stronger consumer focus embedded in mental health research. Introduction: Contemporary mental health policy identifies consumers as active participants in all aspects of mental health services from design to evaluation. Consumer researchers should be actively involved in mental health research and contribute to quality service delivery. Aim: To gain a snapshot of mental health researcher views on strategies for increasing research by or with consumers in mental health through the establishment of an Expert Consumer Researcher Group (ECRG). Methods: Cross‐sectional survey of 41 non‐consumer mental health researchers from Australia or New Zealand. Results: The introduction of an ECRG was considered an effective strategy for linking consumer and non‐consumer researchers and providing specialist advice on research design and methodology. The most suitable location for this group was identified as within consumer advocacy agencies (71%), universities (66%) or research funding bodies (66%). Participants rated their likelihood of seeking advice from the ECRG as high. Discussion: Research participants supported the value of an ECRG. They emphasized the importance of ensuring the group reflected a diversity of views and offered specialized expertise related to the specific topic. The ECRG could benefit both individual researchers and larger research organizations. Implications for practice: An ECRG could facilitate collaborations with consumer researchers and in turn enhance the quality of mental health research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary Mental health nursing is in a process of redefining itself and being asked to promote mental health to a wider public, and it therefore needs to engage with ideas new to nursing., Jacques Lacan's ideas appear of particular relevance to those interested in mental health. In particular, a symptom for Lacan is the way one may have to cope with one's particular way of being., It is only when a symptom becomes a problem that we seek help. When a problem arises we need to look at it in a wider perspective rather than pathologize it, and this is where Lacan's concept of the three registers is of major importance., Abstract This paper presents an outline of Lacan's theory of the human subject, in particular focusing on Lacan's concepts of the real, symbolic and imaginary registers, and how an understanding of these can inform change and practice in mental health nursing. Mental health nursing is under pressure to define itself as a practice distinct from other professions in the field, and to respond in new ways to promoting mental health to the individual and a wider public. Lacan's theory of the subject is of particular relevance to mental health nurses working with mental distress but has received little attention in mental health nursing literature. Six implications for practice are outlined in terms of: against normalization, the importance of the function of the symptom, what cannot be known, meaning as ever-changing, against empathy and against holistic ideas of the self. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary • The deployment of British troops to Afghanistan as part of the 'war on terror', has put the Armed Forces under strain and resulted in growing pressure to address the mental health consequences among service personnel. • This paper examined lots of research papers and other articles to find out what we know about the effects of war on soldiers mental health and what help they can receive. • Themes emerging from the literature were: the mental health of current and ex-service personnel, young service personnel, responses to the mental health needs of soldiers and barriers to care. • There are higher rates of homelessness, alcohol abuse, domestic violence, relationship breakdown and criminality among former military personnel with untreated mental health problems. • Poor mental health is associated with increased risk of social exclusion on leaving the services, which further exacerbates mental health problems. An increasing number of ex-service personnel are expected to develop stress-related mental health problems in the future. The aim of this paper was to explore how a military career may affect the mental health of serving and ex-service personnel, to identify the accessibility and helpfulness of support (both during and after military service) and to make recommendations for change. A literature search was undertaken using the MetaFind meta search engine with keywords: mental health, psychological health, emotional health, soldier, British army, army, ex-army, military, military personnel, armed forces, resettlement, impact, family relationship, divorce, health, support services. The search was applied to the following databases: EBSCO Host, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Ingenta Connect, Medline, PsyArticles, PubMed, Web of Knowledge, together with the specific journals American Journal of Psychiatry, British Journal of Psychiatry and ProQuest Nursing journals. 110 relevant publications were identified and from these 61 papers were retrieved for further analysis. Poor mental health is associated with increased risk of social exclusion on leaving the services, which further exacerbates mental health problems. An increasing number of ex-service personnel are expected to develop stress-related mental health problems in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary What is known on the subject? Studies show that psychological capital (PsyCap) is a protective factor against psychological distress, such as depressive symptoms. However, few have attempted to address the role of coping styles in the relationship between PsyCap and psychological distress., What does this paper add to existing knowledge? Our study found moderate levels of PsyCap among nurses in China. Among the subcategories of PsyCap, optimism and hope were most highly correlated with psychological distress. Psychological distress was positively associated with negative coping and negatively associated with positive coping., This study confirmed the partial mediating effect of coping styles in PsyCap and psychological distress among Chinese nurses. In other words, this study found direct and indirect effects of PsyCap on psychological distress mediated via coping styles., What are the implications for practice? The significant mediating effect of negative and positive coping styles between PsyCap and psychological distress has implications for hospital administrators, especially nurse leaders. Effective strategies should be implemented to improve PsyCap and coping styles among Chinese nurses, and alleviate psychological distress. Optimism and hope should be emphasized in PsyCap investment. Different styles of coping are influenced and modified by teaching and experience. Therefore, it is essential that nurse managers organize educational and training programmes to provide nurses with relative coping knowledge and techniques, and improve their coping ability. Several studies suggest that coping styles are affected by social support. Thus, nurse managers should assist nurses with social support and enhance coping strategies to reduce psychological distress., Abstract Introduction PsyCap includes four categories namely self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience. Research has demonstrated that PsyCap and coping styles affect current psychological distress. Nevertheless, few studies have explored the role of coping styles in PsyCap and psychological distress. Aim This study investigated the role of coping styles as a mediator in PsyCap and psychological distress among Chinese nurses. Methods Participants included 538 nurses who completed self-report questionnaires assessing PsyCap, coping styles and psychological distress. Linear regression analyses were used to explore the role of coping styles. Results PsyCap, coping styles and psychological distress were significantly correlated. Among the subcategories of PsyCap, optimism and hope were most highly correlated with psychological distress. Coping styles is a partial mediator of PsyCap and psychological distress. Implications for mental health nursing The significant role of negative and positive coping styles in PsyCap and psychological distress has implications for hospital administrators, especially nurse leaders. Effective strategies should be implemented to improve PsyCap and coping styles among Chinese nurses, to alleviate psychological distress. Optimism and hope should be the focus of the improvement. Different styles of coping are developed from education and experience. Therefore, it is necessary for nurse managers to organize educational and training programmes to improve coping skills among nurses. Studies suggest that coping styles are affected by social support. Thus, nurse managers should also assist nurses with social support and enhance coping strategies to reduce psychological distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary What is known on the subject? The time of discharge from a mental health hospital can be challenging for mental health service users, with high rates of readmission in the immediate months following discharge., Although some research exists that explores service users' perspectives of being discharged, little evidence exists that explores the processes influencing or used by service users' to adapt to the transition from in-patient acute mental health service., What this papers adds to existing knowledge? The findings of this grounded theory study demonstrates the strategies service users used to managed their own, as well as their social audiences, preconceived expectations arising from their new identity as 'psychiatric patients' following their discharge from hospital., While there is a move to develop recovery-orientated mental health services, key indicators of recovery-oriented practices were often absent from service users' experiences of service provision., What are the implications for practice? Nurses and other mental health professionals need to recognize their contribution to the architecture of stigma that transcends the physical structures of hospital or ward and are entrenched within attitudes, interactions and practices., The findings of this study can provide guidance to those working with service users and help them to understand the complexities of their experiences when using mental health services, which go far beyond the management of their symptoms., Abstract Introduction Following a period of hospitalization, the transition to home can result in increased vulnerability and a source of stress for mental health service users. Readmission rates have been suggested as one indicator of the success of the transition from hospital to community care. Despite knowledge of some of the factors that impact on service users following discharge, no coherent model or theoretical framework could be located in the literature, which explains or aides an in-depth understanding of the transition from hospital to community for service users. Aim The aim of this study was to develop a grounded theory that explored service users' experiences of going home from hospital. Method This qualitative study used grounded theory, and a total of 35 interviews were conducted with 31 service users. Results The core category was 'Managing Preconceived Expectations', which had seven subcategories, describes how the participants were negatively perceived by themselves and others following their admission and discharge from hospital. Implications for Practice This theory presents the strategies that the participants used to manage this new identity. This theory demonstrates that although there has been a move to adopt recovery-orientated services, key indicators of recovery were often absent for service users being admitted and subsequently discharged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary Little is known about how the prison environment may impact upon the mental health of adult prisoners., This paper highlights that prisoners perceive that the prison environment has a negative influence upon their mental health. However, a small number regarded prison as a place of respite, which afforded structure and an opportunity to access health services., There is a need for more research in this area specifically relating to the impact the prison climate may have upon those from black and minority ethic groups., Nurses must recognize the aspects of the prison environment that may impact upon the mental health of prisoners and demonstrate innovation and imagination in their application of interventions., Abstract Little is known regarding how the prison environment may affect the mental health of adult prisoners. Consequently, there is a need to investigate how this setting may exacerbate mental distress among this community. This literature review explores how the prison climate influences the mental health of adult prisoners. A thematic synthesis approach was used to elicit data relating to the aspects of the prison climate, which influence the mental health of prisoners. Four primary themes emerged from the synthesis: social, emotional, organizational and physical aspects. Prisoners perceive the prison climate to have a negative influence upon their mental health. However, perceived positively, prison was regarded as a place of respite, which afforded structure and an opportunity to access health services. There is limited research available specifically exploring the potential impact of the prison climate upon those from black and ethnic minorities groups. Nurses must recognize the aspects of the prison environment that may impact upon the mental health of prisoners and demonstrate innovation and imagination in their application of interventions. Additionally nurses need to take an active role in influencing and structuring the political agenda, which governs the clinical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives This paper reports mental health nurses' perspectives of absconding. The aims of the study were to explore nurses' perceptions of risk assessment and management practices regarding absconding from acute inpatient psychiatric settings, and their affective responses when patients absconded. Background Nurses are directly involved in managing the risk of patients leaving hospital while acutely unwell, as well as dealing with the implications of an absconding event. However, despite their key role, few studies have explored nurses' perceptions of absconding. Design An interpretive inquiry was undertaken using a systematic thematic approach. Methods Mental health nurses ( n = 11) from three acute inpatient mental health units in Australia took part in semi-structured interviews, with a focus on the nurses' experiences of working with patients who had absconded. Data were analysed using systematic thematic coding procedures. Results Nurses' assessment of a patient's risk of absconding involved the use of clinical judgement, focusing on markers of absconding including the patient's history and clinical presentation. The acuity of the perceived risk determined the type of risk management strategy implemented, which could include support, observation and/or the use of containment procedures. Nurses responded with a myriad of affective reactions when patients absconded depending on their assessment of the patient's risk. Conclusions Support and debriefing is required for mental health nurses following an absconding event. Additional research is vital to identify alternative absconding assessment and management strategies to ensure the best possible outcome for patients and nurses. Relevance to clinical practice Mental health nurses play a central role in risk assessment and management for absconding, with fear of repercussions a significant consequence for them. This research highlights the importance of both clinical judgment and standardised instruments in assessing absconding risk. Further research is needed to identify alternative evidence-based absconding management strategies to support nursing practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. This paper is a report of an exploration of the effects of self-efficacy and different dimensions of self-management on quality of life among kidney transplant recipients. Background. Self-efficacy is an important factor influencing self-management. Patients with higher self-efficacy have better self-management and experience better quality of life. Self-efficacy influences the long-term medication-taking behaviour of kidney transplant recipients. Method. A longitudinal, correlational design was used. Data were collected during 2005–2006 with 150 adult kidney transplant recipients on self-efficacy, self-management and quality of life using a self-efficacy scale, self-management scale and the Medical Outcomes Scale SF-36 (Chinese), respectively. Relationships among variables were analysed by path analysis. Results. Participants with higher self-efficacy scored significantly higher on the problem-solving ( β = 0·51), patient–provider partnership ( β = 0·44) and self-care behaviour ( β = 0·55) dimensions of self-management. Self-efficacy directly influenced self-care behaviour and indirectly affected the mental health component of quality of life (total effect = 0·14). Problem-solving and partnership did not statistically significantly affect quality of life. Neither self-efficacy nor self-management had any effect on the physical health component of quality of life. Conclusion. Transplant care teams should incorporate strategies that enhance self-efficacy, as proposed by social cognitive theory, into their care programmes for kidney transplant recipients. Interventions to maintain and improve patients’ self-care behaviour should continue to be emphasized and facilitated. Support to enhance patients’ problem-solving skills and the partnership of patients with health professionals is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To evaluate the features of depressive and anxiety symptoms and illness perception and their associations in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Design: Secondary analysis of data from a cross‐sectional study and baseline data from a randomized controlled trial. Methods: From June to July 2019 and June to September 2020, patients with ACS in four public hospitals in China completed measurements of depressive and anxiety symptoms, illness perception, and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Data were analysed using univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses. Results: This study included 510 participants (mean age, 61.0 ± 9.9 years; 67.8% male). The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 66.3% and 56.5%, respectively. Total score of illness perception was 43.5 ± 9.1 and mean scores of each dimension ranged from 5.5 to 7.6, suggesting relatively negative illness perceptions. The top two perceived causes of illness were negative emotions or stress (27.3%) and dietary habits (25.5%) and 24.7% of participants were unaware of causes regarding their illness. After adjusting for potential confounders, a one‐point increase in scores on illness perception regarding consequences and emotional response (range, 0–10) was related to a 22% increased probability of depressive symptoms. Every one‐point increase in scores on illness perception related to emotional response, personal control and illness comprehensibility was associated with a 38% increased, 13% decreased and 9% decreased probability of anxiety symptoms, respectively. Conclusion: Depressive and anxiety symptoms are prevalent at high rates in patients with ACS. They have a relatively negative illness perception that is associated with the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Impact This study highlights the importance of screening for depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with ACS, especially for those with negative illness perceptions. Targeted strategies are imperative to improve patients' health outcomes. No Patient or Public Contribution: These details do not apply to this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary Large gaps in income between the rich and poor seem to be related to poor mental health, but the explanations are not always simple., Some people are more able than others to withstand the pressures generated by these large gaps, and some explanations for why are given., Nurses can help people who are affected by these gaps become more resilient and develop ways to live fuller and richer lives., Nurses are also well placed to lead this change as many of the ideas are familiar to them., Abstract Since 2008, the world has witnessed several socio-economic upheavals that have fundamentally changed the global economy. Within the UK, these upheavals have coincided with a change in political administration and thus a new approach to managing the volatility of economy. This change has resulted in root and branch reform of service provision that is based around a model that incorporates a shrinking public sector coupled with an increase in civic participation (i.e. 'The Big Society' espoused by the UK-governing coalition). It is also unlikely that healthcare provision on a global level will remain unchanged in such turbulent times. It would therefore seem a useful time to review how socio-economic forces are believed to affect the health and well-being of an individual. These forces include social inequality, the mechanisms of social inclusion and exclusion, social role and the erosion of resilience. This paper will then conclude by offering some potential avenues that nurses can explore to make these forces less damaging for their clients. These avenues include developing a clinical focus based around positive psychology, well-being and some novel ways that nurses can help overcome the maintenance cycles that perpetuate inequality and exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To gather insight in conditions important to an understanding of undocumented migrants' life situations and more specifically to explore undocumented migrants' quality of life and how we can understand the various domains of quality of life related to demographics, living conditions, migration history and inflicted burden. Background: Undocumented migrants suffer from economic hardship and acculturative stress, limited psychological and social support and at the same time restricted access to health care and social welfare. Design: An exploratory mixed methods design using primarily quantitative data with a qualitative component was implemented. Methods: Sociodemographic data on 90 undocumented migrants were collected, and self‐report questionnaires on quality of life and psychological distress were completed, supplemented by qualitative data obtained through interviews and additional qualitative questions. The STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies was used for reporting this study. Results: Quality of life in our group of undocumented migrants was poor. Leaving their home country because of war or persecution, hunger, having experienced abuse, homelessness and higher age were statistically significantly associated with poorer quality of life. Having membership in a local association and having a partner were statistically significantly associated with better quality of life. Qualitative data indicate that marginal living conditions, fear of death and suffering and conditions associated with dependency were the main components comprising the burden to our respondents, reflecting their precarious juridical status as undocumented migrants. Conclusion: Our respondents' poor quality of life was related to the complex interplay between possible exposures to traumatic experiences before and during flight and post‐migration traumatisation in relation to our respondents' experiences of economic, social and acculturative hardship in Norway. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Responses called for to improve undocumented migrants' quality of life and eliminate barriers to their health care appeal more to nurses as a professional group and to those in positions of authority than each individual nurse on duty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the psychological impact of parenting a child with a critical congenital heart defect and the feasibility and acceptability of integrating psychological services into paediatric cardiology care. Background: Children with critical congenital heart defect are at an increased risk for long‐term behavioural, social and emotional difficulties. Data suggest that this risk is partially attributable to parental mental health, which is a stronger predictor of long‐term behavioural problems in congenital heart defect children than disease‐specific and surgical factors. Parental stress and mental health are thus important intervention targets, especially among high‐risk families. Design: This article presents data from a qualitative study with 25 congenital heart defect parents (n = 15) and providers (n = 10). Methods: Using thematic analysis, semi‐structured in‐depth interviews were transcribed and coded by the first and second author to identify major themes and subthemes. Results: Results of the interviews were organised into four major themes: (i) the psychological impact of parenting a child with critical congenital heart defect, (ii) factors that influence the psychological impact of parenting a child with critical congenital heart defect, (iii) how and when to psychologically support congenital heart defect parents and (iv) feasibility and acceptability of integrating psychological support into congenital heart defect care. Providers and parents endorsed the integration of mental health treatment into routine congenital heart defect care and identified several practical issues related to feasibility (e.g., funding and space) that should be considered prior to implementation. Conclusions: Parents of children with critical congenital heart defect need access to mental health services, and integrating these services into routine paediatric cardiology care is a novel and practical way for parents to receive the treatment they need. Relevance to clinical practice: Suggestions for how the field of paediatric cardiology could begin to integrate mental health services into congenital heart defect treatment are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives The aim of this research was to explore women's emotional and affective responses following an incident of intimate partner violence experienced during emergency department attendances. Background A growing body of research has explored women's experiences of emergency departments following intimate partner violence still little remains known about the experience and impact of emotional and affective responses during these attendances. Design A descriptive qualitative design was used, underpinned theoretically by critical realism and postmodern complexity theory to attend to multiple, intersecting mechanisms that lie behind events and experiences. Methods Semistructured interviews with six women who had attended an emergency department directly following an incident of intimate partner violence. Interview data were transcribed and thematically analysed in nvivo9 using a coding framework. Results There were three interconnected key findings. First, was the commonality of acute stress experiences among women attending an emergency department following partner violence, second was that these acute stress reactions negatively impacted women's consultations, and third was the need for specialist domestic violence services at the point of first contact to assist service users navigate an effective consultation. Conclusions Acute stress reactions were an important feature of women's experiences of emergency department consultations following intimate partner violence. Attending to psychological first aid; providing a safe and quiet space; and affording access to specialist violence advocacy services at the point of first contact will limit harm and improve health consultation outcomes for this population. Relevance to clinical practice This research provides an account of emotional and affective responses experienced by women attending emergency departments following intimate partner violence and explicates how these acute stress reactions impacted their consultation. This research has relevance for practitioners in many first contact health services, such as urgent and emergency care, general practice, community public health and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives To explore undocumented migrants' mental healthcare needs and more specifically to explore how undocumented adults living in Norway perceive psychological distress, to gather insight on their living conditions and to explore associated living condition risk factors. Background Undocumented migrants are defined both nationally and internationally as an especially vulnerable group with regard to their health status, living conditions and barriers to access to health care and social welfare. Design An exploratory mixed-methods design using primarily quantitative data with a qualitative component was implemented. Methods Socio-demographic data on 90 undocumented migrants were obtained, and self-report questionnaire on psychological distress was completed, supplemented by qualitative data obtained through interviews. Results The level of psychological distress was extremely high in our group of undocumented migrants. Leaving their home country because of war or persecution, economic strain, homelessness, hunger and having experienced abuse was significantly positively associated with psychological distress. Contrary to what was predicted, having family and work was not significantly associated with the reduction of psychological distress. Additional qualitative data indicate that having family entails great responsibilities and work implies exploitation to such an extent that any potential positive influence this has on mental health, such as a sense of belonging and a reasonable standard of living, is outweighed. Conclusions The high level of psychological distress indicates a need of additional diagnostic evaluation and mental health care. The living conditions were so marginal that their day-to-day existence was threatened. Relevance to clinical practice We recognised a need for an interdisciplinary and dynamic approach to mental health care. Undocumented migrants are in need of a minimum of psychological and material support assuring basic needs such as shelter and appropriate food and access to health care and social welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives To synthesise and evaluate the extant literature investigating the psychosocial influences on ageing as a lesbian, gay or bisexual person, to develop understanding about these influences and guide future research in the area. Background Research suggests there may be specific psychological and social factors relevant to ageing for individuals with a nonheterosexual identity. Design A systematic review was conducted on empirical research involving lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals aged 60 or above. Methods The Cochrane Database, Psych INFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched and 41 studies met inclusion criteria. The majority had not been reviewed in earlier review articles. Results Findings were within two domains: psychological, consisting of sub-themes relating to identity, mental health and body image; and social, consisting of relationships, social support, discrimination, caregiving and receiving, community, accessing services and housing. The results suggest lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals mostly adjust well to ageing identities, with mediating influences including self-acceptance and connection with peers. Challenges experienced included ageism and heteronormative health and social care services; intimate friendships, social support and respectful professionals mitigated such threats and facilitated successful ageing. Methodological issues related to sampling procedures, such as purposive sampling through the gay community and limited generalisability due to the homogeneity of participants. Additionally, there was a widespread lack of heterosexual control groups. However, most studies used appropriate measures and acknowledged inherent limitations. Conclusion Psychosocial influences included the challenge of societal stigma, but also resilience individuals demonstrate through a positive attitude. These factors must continue to be investigated for services to best meet the needs of this population. Relevance to clinical practice Clinicians are well placed to assist individuals draw on resilience when facing ageing challenges. Also, clinicians should be aware older people may have prior negative experiences of accessing services and try to involve 'families of choice' in care planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives. To explore the effects of comprehensive mental intervention on the recovery time and symptoms of depression in patients with postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome. Background. Postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome may occur after abdominal surgery. The development of postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome is believed to be influenced by neuropsychiatric factors, manifest as psychological dysfunction and distress. Design. Randomised controlled trial. Methods. A total of 120 patients with postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome were randomly divided into a mental intervention group (n = 60) and a control group (n = 60) by odd or even numbers. The mental intervention group received comprehensive mental intervention including support, counselling, music and massage plus all aspects of conventional therapy. The control group received only conventional therapy, including a three-cavity gastric tube, fasting, parenteral/ enteral nutrition, routine care and health guidance. Pre intervention and postintervention depression levels were assessed in both groups by the Center for Epi-demiological Survey Depression Scale. Gastric function recovery was assessed in all patients. Results. Postintervention depression scores were significantly reduced in the mental intervention group, and pre-/postdifferences were significantly greater compared to control group scores. The mental intervention group had significantly shorter times for symptom disappearance (nausea, vomiting, abdominal disten-tion), extubation duration, eating recovery, gastric drainage volume >600 ml/day, gastroparesis recovery, as well as shorter hospital stays and lower hospital expenses. Conclusions. Comprehensive mental intervention improved negative emotions and depression and shortened recovery time of patients with postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome. Relevance to clinical practice. Mental intervention is important to postsurgical recovery, and primary nurses are encouraged to understand how to care for postsurgical patients physically and psychologically, with at least one nurse in the postsurgical setting trained to provide mental intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary The aim of this study was to explore and describe the stigmatization experienced by individuals with mental health problems ( IMHP) and the relationships between stigmas associated with mental health problems, psychiatric diagnoses, treatments, and social environments and their consequences., Our findings show that almost all IMHP were concerned about being stigmatized by others, society, their family, and health care professionals. Another concern that IMHP reported was self-stigmatization. Stigmatization serves as a barrier to treatment adherence and socialization in IMHP. Furthermore, stigmatization has a significant impact on the lives of IMHP, and methods of coping with stigmatization are commonly ineffective., It is important for the nurses to reduce stigma by dealing with the illness, IMHP, their relatives, and professionals in an unprejudiced manner., Abstract The aim of this study was to explore and describe the stigmatization experienced by individuals with mental health problems ( IMHP) and the relationships between stigmas associated with mental health problems, psychiatric diagnoses, treatments, and social environments and their consequences. Thirty-three IMHP were recruited from outpatient and day clinics at the psychiatry department of a university hospital within a 5-month time period for this qualitative, descriptive study. Data were gathered using a structured interview form with open-ended questions to explore the changes in everyday life experienced by IMHP during the course of their illness. Data were analysed using the Colaizzi method of analysis. Our findings show that almost all IMHP were concerned about being stigmatized by others, society, their family, and health care professionals. Another concern that IMHP reported was self-stigmatization. Stigmatization serves as a barrier to treatment adherence and socialization in IMHP. Furthermore, stigmatization has a significant impact on the lives of IMHP, and methods of coping with stigmatization are commonly ineffective. However, stigmatization can be reduced by dealing with the illness, IMHP, their relatives, and professionals in an unprejudiced manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To discuss the definition of spirituality and its limitations for nursing research. It proposes a definition that will capture more accurately the role of spirituality in health outcomes. Background Studies have increasingly examined spirituality in nursing research as a coping mechanism attenuating the negative impact of traumatic stress on mental health. Existing definitions of spirituality in nursing research include elements of positive emotional states (meaning, purpose, general well-being) which confound mental health outcomes. Data sources Medline and CINAHL databases were searched from 2007-2011 for research articles examining spirituality definitions and measures used by nurse researchers. Discussion An analysis of the definitions of spirituality in nursing research reveals inconsistencies and confounding mental health concepts. The authors propose defining spirituality in the context of religious involvement when conducting research, while using a broader definition of spirituality when providing spiritual care. They argue such definition provides a more appropriate method of measuring this concept in research aimed at evaluating mental health outcomes while preserving the currently used patient-defined definition of spirituality when providing spiritual care. Nursing implications A consistent definition of spirituality in nursing research evaluating mental health outcomes, distinct from 'spiritual care' in a clinical setting, is essential to avoid tautological results that are meaningless. Appropriate definitions will enable nursing researchers to more clearly identify resilience mechanisms and improved health outcomes in those exposed to traumatic stress. Conclusion A definition of spirituality that focuses on religious involvement provides a more uniform and consistent measure for evaluating mental health outcomes in nursing research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims To explore and to identify the possible need for psychological communicative support in men undergoing fertility treatment. Background Male infertility affects many aspects of a man's life and may cause a life crisis. Although infertility treatment is now commonplace in men, they often feel remote and disconnected from the treatment process. Design A descriptive survey. Methods A questionnaire with structured and open-ended questions was completed by 210 Danish men undergoing fertility treatment. The questionnaire covered three issues: individual perception of male infertility, gender equality issues, and communication with health professionals in the clinic. Data were collected during 2008. Findings Of the participants, 28% believed that their reduced sperm quality affected their perception of masculinity. 46% stated that equal involvement between partners was a very important element of the treatment; however, 63% said that the health professionals communicated primarily with their female partner. Finally, 62% found that there was a need for a deeper dialogue with the nurses concerning male infertility and 72% lacked information about the psychological consequences of male infertility. In general, participants wanted a more open and balanced dialogue about infertility treatment and the role of the male partner during this process. Conclusion Infertile men want health professionals to view them on equal terms with their partner. When treating the infertile man, there is a further need to develop more inclusive communication skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

stewart d., bowers l. & ross j. (2012) Managing risk and conflict behaviours in acute psychiatry: the dual role of constant special observation. Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(6), 1340-1348. Abstract Aims. This is a report of a study of events before and after the use of constant special observation on acute psychiatric wards, and the characteristics of patients who received it. Background. Constant special observation is a method of preventing acutely disturbed inpatients from harming themselves or others. It has been characterized as impersonal, intrusive and non-therapeutic. The circumstances of its use and place in broader intervention strategies are not well understood. Methods. A sample of 522 patients were recruited from 84 acute psychiatric wards in 31 hospital locations in London and surrounding areas during 2009-2010. Data were collected for the first 2 weeks of admission from patients' case notes. Results. Sixteen per cent of patients received constant special observation during the first 2 weeks in hospital (7% at the point of admission and 11% after admission), but with variation between hospitals. Absconding, violence and self-harm were the most common events to precede constant special observation during a shift. Other methods of containment, especially intermittent special observation, were frequently tried first. Episodes of constant special observation often involved de-escalation and extra medication. Aggression was more prominent during than before constant special observation. Attempted suicides were limited to postadmission episodes. Conclusion. Constant special observation is usually used in combination with other forms of containment, irrespective of when it is initiated. Placing patients considered at risk of suicide under constant special observation on admission may have a protective effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reflects on advancements in areas of transgender mental health. It mentions that there is a wide diversity in relation to transgender needs before, during and after transition; and discusses differences in needs relating to transgender men and women. It also reflects on location of gender dysphoria in psychiatric diagnostic manuals to serve to confuse the issues wherein psychiatric diagnosis serves as a means of access to treatment and surgery for gender reassignment.