10 results
Search Results
2. Being Bleuler: the second century of schizophrenia.
- Author
-
Kaplan, Robert M.
- Subjects
SCHIZOPHRENIA ,PATHOLOGICAL psychology ,MENTAL health ,MENTAL illness ,SOCIAL factors ,SOCIOCULTURAL factors - Abstract
Objective: The aim of this paper is to examine the background to the emblematic psychiatric term, schizophrenia, the historical, cultural and social factors affecting the two men who defined modern psychiatric practice, and anticipate what lies ahead in the next century. Conclusions: The term schizophrenia was created by Swiss psychiatrist Eugene Bleuler and first used on 24 April 1908. The condition was first described by German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin and called dementia praecox. After a century, it is impossible to think of the practice of psychiatry without schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Mapping the onset of psychosis: the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States.
- Author
-
Yung, Alison R., Yuen, Hok Pan, McGorry, Patrick D., Phillips, Lisa J., Kelly, Daniel, Dell'Olio, Margaret, Francey, Shona M., Cosgrave, Elizabeth M., Killackey, Eoin, Stanford, Carrie, Godfrey, Katherine, and Buckby, Joe
- Subjects
- *
PSYCHOSES , *MENTAL illness , *MENTAL health , *PATHOLOGICAL psychology , *DIAGNOSIS , *PSYCHIATRY - Abstract
Objective: Recognizing the prodrome of a first psychotic episode prospectively creates the opportunity of intervention, which could delay, ameliorate or even prevent onset. Valid criteria and a reliable methodology for identifying possible prodromes are needed. This paper describes an instrument, the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS), which has been designed for such a purpose. It has two functions: (i) to assess psychopathology thought to indicate imminent development of a first-episode psychotic disorder; and (ii) to determine if an individual meets criteria for being at ultra high risk (UHR) for onset of first psychotic disorder. This paper describes the pilot evaluation of the CAARMS. Method: Several methodologies were used to test the CAARMS. First, CAARMS scores in a group of UHR young people and the association between CAARMS scores and the risk of transition to psychotic disorder, were analysed. Second, CAARMS scores in a UHR group were compared to a control group. To assess concurrent validity, CAARMS-defined UHR criteria were compared to the existing criteria for identifying the UHR cohort. To assess predictive validity, the CAARMS-defined UHR criteria were applied to a sample of 150 non-psychotic help-seekers and rates of onset of psychotic disorder at 6-month follow-up determined for the CAARMS-positive (i.e. met UHR criteria) group and the CAARMS-negative (i.e. did not meet UHR criteria) group. The inter-rater reliability of the CAARMS was assessed by using pairs of raters. Results: High CAARMS score in the UHR group was significantly associated with onset of psychotic disorder. The control group had significantly lower CAARMS scores than the UHR group. The UHR criteria assessed by the CAARMS identified a similar group to the criteria measured by existing methodology. In the sample of non-psychotic help-seekers those who were CAARMS-positive were at significantly increased risk of onset of psychotic disorder compared to those who were CAARMS-negative (relative risk of 12.44 (95% CI = 1.5–103.41, p = 0.0025)). The CAARMS had good to excellent reliability. Conclusions: In these preliminary investigations, the CAARMS displayed good to excellent concurrent, discriminant and predictive validity and excellent inter-rater reliability. The CAARMS instrument provides a useful platform for monitoring subthreshold psychotic symptoms for worsening into full-threshold psychotic disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Preventing EPISODE II: relapse prevention in first-episode psychosis.
- Author
-
Gleeson, John
- Subjects
- *
PSYCHOSES , *PSYCHOTHERAPY , *SCHIZOPHRENIA , *MENTAL health , *PATHOLOGICAL psychology , *MENTAL health services , *PSYCHIATRISTS , *MEDICAL care , *MENTAL illness - Abstract
Objective: This paper outlines a rationale for expanding research and clinical innovations focused upon relapse prevention following a first episode of psychosis. Some general principles for further progress are extracted from an overview of the first-episode psychosis (FEP) relapse literature. A cognitive behaviour therapy intervention for relapse prevention for FEP, that has been developed at the Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre, is described to illustrate these principles. Conclusions: Further progress is needed in refining interventions specific to the prevention of relapse following FEP. Future progress is dependent upon improved understanding of the interaction of biological, interpersonal and psychological processes underpinning relapse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Trends in Newspaper Coverage of Mental Illness in Canada: 2005-2010.
- Author
-
Whitley, Rob and Berry, Sarah
- Subjects
MENTAL illness ,PATHOLOGICAL psychology ,NEWSPAPERS ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,MENTAL health ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,SCHIZOPHRENIA - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Lay Beliefs About Treatments for People With Mental Illness and Their Implications for Antistigma Strategies.
- Author
-
Lauber, Christoph, Carlos, Nordt, and Wulf, Rössler
- Subjects
MENTAL illness treatment ,MENTAL illness ,PATHOLOGICAL psychology ,SOCIAL stigma ,SCHIZOPHRENIA ,MENTAL depression ,PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY ,MENTAL health ,PSYCHIATRY - Abstract
Objective: First, to describe factors influencing the public's attitude toward treatment recommendations for people with mental illness; second, to identify coherent belief systems about the helpfulness of specific interventions; and third, to discuss how to ameliorate mental health literacy and antistigma strategies. Method: Participants of a representative telephone survey in the general population (n = 1737) were presented with a vignette depicting a person with either schizophrenia or depression. From a list of suggestions, they were asked to recommend treatments for this person. We used a factor analysis to group these proposals and used the factors as the dependent variables in a multiple regression analysis. Results: Treatment suggestions are summarized in 4 groups, each characterizing a specific therapeutic approach: 1) psychopharmacological proposals (that is, psychotropic drugs), 2) therapeutic counselling (from a psychologist or psychiatrist or psychotherapy), 3) alternative suggestions (such as homeopathy), and 4) social advice (for example, from a social worker). Medical treatments were proposed by people who had a higher education, who had a positive attitude toward psychopharmacology, who correctly recognized the person depicted in the vignette as being ill, who were presented with the schizophrenia vignette, who kept social distance, and who had contact with mentally ill people. The variables could explain alternative and social treatment proposals only to a small extent. Conclusions: The public's beliefs about treatment for people with mental illness are organized into 4 coherent systems, 2 of which involve evidence-based treatments. Medical treatment proposals are influenced by adequate mental health literacy; however, they are also linked to more social distance toward people with mental illness. Additionally, efforts to better explain nonmedical treatment suggestions are needed. Implications for further antistigma strategies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Instrumental psychosis: the Good Soldier Svejk syndrome.
- Author
-
Tyrer, Peter, Babidge, Nicholas, Emmanuel, Jo, Yarger, Nshi, and Ranger, Maya
- Subjects
MENTAL illness ,SCHIZOPHRENIA ,PSYCHOSES ,MENTAL health ,PATHOLOGICAL psychology ,MENTAL health services - Abstract
The possession of severe mental illness, mainly schizophrenia and affective psychosis, may be perceived in positive terms. We have identified a group of patients, most of them with a history of previous psychotic disorder, who present with deliberately created symptoms and behaviour, and who are defined as having instrumental psychosis. Because most such patients have had a psychotic disorder in the past the symptoms are very like those of a real psychosis. A parallel is drawn with the fictional anti-hero of the Czech nation, the Good Soldier Svejk, who demonstrated both real and instrumental psychosis. A rating scale, the ‘pseudopsychosis inventory’, was devised to identify the main components of this disorder and was applied in 15 consecutive patients presenting with putative psychotic disorders in whom assessment could be made by two raters within five days. The inter-rater reliability of the items of the scale was good (intra-class correlation coefficient 0.68). An epidemiological study with this scale in 45 patients with a putative psychotic disorder suggested the presence of instrumental psychosis in 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Implications of genetic research for child psychiatry.
- Author
-
Rutter, Michael and Rutter, M
- Subjects
CHILD psychology ,CHILD mental health services ,CHILD psychiatry ,CHILD psychopathology ,PATHOLOGICAL psychology ,GENETIC counseling ,BEHAVIOR disorders in children ,MENTAL health ,PSYCHIATRY ,PSYCHIATRIC diagnosis ,MENTAL illness drug therapy ,ADOLESCENT psychiatry ,BRAIN ,FORECASTING ,GENETICS ,MENTAL illness ,PERSONALITY development ,GENETIC testing ,SOCIAL context - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Poverty and mental illness.
- Author
-
Saraceno, Benedetto, Barbui, Corrado, Saraceno, B, and Barbui, C
- Subjects
POVERTY ,MENTAL illness ,PATHOLOGICAL psychology ,SCHIZOPHRENIA ,MENTAL depression ,SOCIAL status ,HOMELESSNESS ,MENTAL health ,DISEASE risk factors ,POVERTY & psychology ,PSYCHIATRIC epidemiology ,COMPARATIVE studies ,DEVELOPING countries ,FORECASTING ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL needs assessment ,MEDICAL cooperation ,MENTAL health services ,PROGNOSIS ,RESEARCH ,ETHNOLOGY research ,EVALUATION research - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. The varied outcomes of schizophrenia.
- Author
-
Davidson, Larry, McGlashan, Thomas H., Davidson, L, and McGlashan, T H
- Subjects
TREATMENT effectiveness ,PSYCHOTHERAPY ,SCHIZOPHRENIA ,PEOPLE with schizophrenia ,PSYCHOSES ,PATHOLOGICAL psychology ,MENTAL illness ,MENTAL health ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,EVALUATION of medical care ,DIAGNOSIS of schizophrenia ,INDIVIDUALITY ,LONGITUDINAL method ,PSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,PSYCHOLOGY ,SOCIAL adjustment ,SOCIAL context - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.