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(1) Background: Transitioning from mental health inpatient care to community care is often a vulnerable time in the treatment process where additional risks and anxiety may arise. We collected data for this study as part of a pragmatic cluster-randomized, longitudinal approach in Alberta. As the first phase of the ongoing innovative supportive program, this paper assessed the progression of mental health symptoms in patients six weeks after hospital discharge. Factors that may contribute to the presence or absence of anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as well-being, following return to the community were investigated. This provides evidence and baseline data for future phases of the project. (2) Methods: An observational study design was adopted for this study. Data on a variety of sociodemographic and clinical factors were collected at discharge and six weeks after via REDCap. Anxiety, depression, and well-being symptoms were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5), respectively. Descriptive, chi-square, independent t-tests, and multivariate regression analyses were conducted. (3) Result: The survey was completed by 88 out of 306 participants (28.8% response rate). The chi-square/Fisher exact test and independent t-test revealed no significant change in the mental health conditions from baseline to six weeks after discharge. It was found that the only significant factor predicting symptoms six weeks after discharge from inpatient treatment was the baseline symptoms in all three logistic regression models. It was four times more likely for those who experienced anxiety and depression at baseline to experience anxiety and depression symptoms six weeks after discharge (OR = 4.27; 95% CI: 1.38–13.20) (OR = 4.04; 95% CI: 1.25–13.05). Those with poor baseline well-being were almost 12 times more likely to experience poor well-being six weeks after discharge (OR = 11.75; 95% CI: 3.21–42.99). (4) Conclusions: Study results found no significant change in mental health conditions in the short term following hospital discharge. It is essential that researchers and policymakers collaborate in order to implement effective interventions to support and maintain the mental health conditions of patients following discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: A scoping review of studies published in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic focused on individuals with pre-existing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and specified stressor-related disorders, with the objective of mapping the research conducted. Eligibility criteria: (1) direct study of individuals with pre-existing depressive, anxiety, and/or specified stressor-related (i.e., posttraumatic stress, acute stress) disorders/issues; (2) focus on mental health-related pandemic effects, and; (3) direct study of mental health symptoms related to depression, anxiety, or psychological distress. Sources of evidence: Database-specific subject headings and natural language keywords were searched in Medline, Embase, APA PsycInfo, and Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) up to March 3, 2021. Review of potentially relevant studies was conducted by two independent reviewers and proceeded in two stages: (1) title and abstract review, and; (2) full paper review. Data charting: Study details (i.e., location, design and methodology, sample or population, outcome measures, and key findings) were extracted from included studies by one reviewer and confirmed by the Principal Investigator. Results: 66 relevant articles from 26 countries were identified. Most studies adopted a cross-sectional design and were conducted via online survey. About half relied on general population samples, with the remainder assessing special populations, primarily mental health patients. The most commonly reported pre-existing category of disorders or symptoms was depression, followed closely by anxiety. Most studies included depressive and anxiety symptoms as outcome measures and demonstrated increased vulnerability to mental health symptoms among individuals with a pre-existing mental health issue. Conclusion: These findings suggest that improved mental health supports are needed during the pandemic and point to future research needs, including reviews of other diagnostic categories and reviews of research published in subsequent years of the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Mental health care is now recognised as essential for people affected by NTDs, but accessible services are rare. This paper presents results of a prevalence study for depression and anxiety among people living with leprosy and lymphatic filariasis, and collation of user perspectives on needs and priorities for a new service. Methods Prevalence of mental conditions was carried out with 141 people living with leprosy and lymphatic filariasis and matched controls. Those who screened positive for depression or anxiety were interviewed in a qualitative study to understand their experiences of living with the conditions, and what their priorities would be for services and support. Results contributed to the process of developing a contextually adapted collaborative care model for implementation in the primary care system in Nigeria, using a Theory of Change approach. Results We found high rates of depression, anxiety, and reduced wellbeing, with strong correlation across measures. The qualitative study revealed experiences of stigma and exclusion, and concern for financial and economic needs, and a desire for provision of free services and support for livelihoods. Conclusion Services should be designed with good understanding of local needs and service user priorities. Contexte Les soins de santé mentale sont désormais reconnus comme essentiels pour les personnes touchées par les MTN, mais les services accessibles sont rares. Cet article présente les résultats d'une étude de prévalence de la dépression et de l'anxiété chez les personnes vivant avec la lèpre et la filariose lymphatique, ainsi que la collecte des points de vue des utilisateurs sur les besoins et les priorités d'un nouveau service. Méthodes utilisées Une étude de prévalence des troubles mentaux a été menée auprès de 141 personnes vivant avec la lèpre et la filariose lymphatique et de témoins appariés. Celles qui ont été dépistées positives pour la dépression ou l'anxiété ont été interrogées dans le cadre d'une étude qualitative afin de comprendre leur expérience de la vie avec ces maladies et leurs priorités en matière de services et de soutien. Les résultats ont contribué au processus d'élaboration d'un modèle de soins collaboratifs adapté au contexte et destiné à être mis en œuvre dans le système de soins primaires au Nigeria, à l'aide d'une approche fondée sur la théorie du changement. Résultats Nous avons constaté des taux élevés de dépression, d'anxiété et de diminution du bien-être, avec une forte corrélation entre les mesures. L'étude qualitative a révélé des expériences de stigmatisation et d'exclusion, des préoccupations concernant les besoins financiers et économiques, ainsi qu'un désir de services gratuits et de soutien aux moyens de subsistance. Conclusion Les services doivent être conçus en tenant compte des besoins locaux et des priorités des utilisateurs. Antecedentes Actualmente se reconoce que la atención de salud mental es esencial para las personas afectadas por ETD, pero los servicios accesibles son escasos. los servicios accesibles son escasos. Este documento presenta los resultados de un estudio de prevalencia de depresión y ansiedad entre las personas que viven con lepra y filariasis linfática, y las perspectivas de los usuarios sobre las necesidades y prioridades de un nuevo servicio. Métodos Se realizó un estudio de prevalencia de trastornos mentales con 141 personas que vivían con lepra y filariasis linfática y controles emparejados. Los que dieron positivo en depresión o ansiedad fueron entrevistados en un estudio cualitativo para conocer sus de vivir con estas enfermedades y cuáles serían sus prioridades en cuanto a servicios y apoyo. servicios y apoyo. Los resultados contribuyeron al proceso de desarrollo de un modelo de atención para su aplicación en el sistema de atención primaria de Nigeria, utilizando un enfoque basado en la Teoría del Cambio. Resultados Encontramos altas tasas de depresión, ansiedad y reducción del bienestar, con una fuerte correlación entre las medidas. correlación entre las medidas. El estudio cualitativo reveló experiencias de estigmatización y de estigmatización y exclusión, preocupación por las necesidades financieras y servicios gratuitos y apoyo a los medios de subsistencia. Conclusión Los servicios deben diseñarse teniendo en cuenta las necesidades locales y las prioridades de los usuarios de los usuarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper delves into the intricate realm of mental health issues within prisons including other correctional facilities, the intersectionality with legal and medical aspects, and the potential of pharmacology as a viable treatment modality. The prevalence and diverse array of mental disorders among incarcerated individuals are thoroughly examined, underscoring the imperative for all-encompassing interventions. The legal structure, hurdles encountered in delivering mental healthcare, and the indispensability of interdisciplinary cooperation are scrutinized. Furthermore, the effectiveness and moral implications of pharmaceutical interventions in correctional environments are deliberated upon. Conclusive suggestions are put forth to enhance mental healthcare provisions in prisons. The research paper endeavors to penetrate the labyrinthine complexities of mental health predicaments within correctional institutions, with a specific emphasis on the convergence of medico-legal facets and the plausible impact of pharmacological interventions. The study strives to elucidate the intricate nature of mental health challenges among incarcerated populations, considering the intricate interplay of socio-cultural, environmental, and psychological factors that contribute to their pervasiveness. By delving into these interconnected dimensions, the research aims to unlock prospective remedies capable of efficaciously meeting the mental health requisites of incarcerated individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rates of mental health problems and disorders in children and youth have been increasing for at least three decades, and these have escalated due to the pandemic and multiple other societal stressors. It is increasingly recognized that students and families frequently struggle to receive needed care through traditional locations such as specialty mental health centers. Upstream mental health promotion and prevention strategies are gaining support as a public health approach to supporting overall population well-being, better utilizing a limited specialty workforce, and reducing illness. Based on these recognitions, there has been a progressive and escalating movement toward the delivery of mental health support to children and youth "where they are," with a prominent and more ecologically valid environment being schools. This paper will provide a brief review of the escalating mental health needs of children and youth, advantages of school mental health (SMH) programs in better meeting these needs, example model SMH programs from the United States and Canada, and national and international SMH centers/networks. We conclude with strategies for further propelling the global advancement of the SMH field through interconnected practice, policy, and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is already known?: The nurse–patient relationship in mental health care is an important focus of mental health nursing theories and research.There is limited evidence about which factors influence nurse‐sensitive patient outcomes of the nurse–patient relationship. This hinders the development, planning, delivering, and quality assurance of the nurse–patient relationship in nursing practice and nursing education. What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: To our best knowledge, this is the first study to examine associations between nurse‐sensitive patient outcomes of the nurse–patient relationship and a range of patient characteristics and relationship‐contextual factors.In this study, we found that gender, age, hospital characteristics, nurse availability when needed, nurse contact, and nurse stimulation were associated with the scores on the nurse‐sensitive patient outcome scale. What are the implications for practice?: Having insight into the factors associated with nurse‐sensitive patient outcomes of the nurse–patient relationship can help nurses, nursing students, nursing management and also patients to enhance the nurse–patient relationship, trying to influence outcomes of nursing care. Introduction: The lack of evidence on patient characteristics and relational‐contextual factors influencing nurse‐sensitive patient outcomes of a nurse–patient relationship is a possible threat to the quality and education of the nurse–patient relationship. Aim: To measure nurse‐sensitive patient outcomes of the nurse–patient relationship and to explore the associations between nurse‐sensitive patient outcomes and a range of patient characteristics and relational‐contextual factors. Method: In a multicenter cross‐sectional study, 340 inpatients from 30 units in five psychiatric hospitals completed the Mental Health Nurse‐Sensitive Patient Outcome Scale. Descriptive, univariate and Linear Mixed Model analyses were conducted. Results: Overall, patient‐reported outcomes were moderate to good. Female participants, nurse availability when needed, more nurse contact and nurse stimulation were associated with higher outcomes. Age differences were observed for some of the outcomes. Outcomes also varied across hospitals but were not related to the number of times patients were hospitalized or to their current length of stay in the hospital. Discussion: The results may help nurses to become more sensitive and responsive to factors associated with nurse‐sensitive patient outcomes of the nurse–patient relationship. Implications: The nurse‐sensitive results can support nurses in designing future nurse–patient relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review examines research on Sufi spirituality and mental well-being. Earlier investigations have focused on general spiritual practice in mental health care and found a connection between spirituality and mental health. In this systematic review, we aimed to explore existing research specifically considering the relationship between Sufi spirituality and mental well-being and examine the quality of this research. We identified 49 papers published between the years 2007–2022. Our findings revealed a positive connection between Sufi spirituality and reducing anxiety and depression in patients. However, most studies were of low quality. This review highlights the need to provide more comprehensive and higher quality research to redress the methodological limitations of the current evidence base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the psychiatric work villages in Israel, which have so far had little historiographic attention. In the 1950s and 1960s, four work villages were established for people with psychiatric disabilities. They were intended to create a long-term rehabilitative alternative to the common hospitalization practice. These villages were organized around employment in various branches of farming and also offered recreational and cultural activities to alleviate the patients' loneliness and to create a community life. The villages echoed central values of the new country: labour, manufacturing, cooperativity, and cultural and community life. I will discuss the similarities between the psychiatric work villages and earlier, mostly Western, psychiatric therapeutic models, such as moral treatment and the therapeutic community model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental health disorders are prevalent among biomedical students, and scientific research is one of their main activities, yet less is known about the relationship between research activities and mental health among these students. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the associations between research activities and mental health and to identify the potential risk factors for anxiety and depression among biomedical students in China. This study enrolled 1,079 participants between November 2020 and December 2020 from 29 Chinese provinces and collected participants' basic characteristics, work situations, scientific achievements, and potential stress sources via an online questionnaire. Anxiety and depression were evaluated by two widely used scales, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), respectively. The study also assessed the associations between scientific research duration and mental health. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the predictors of anxiety and depression. Among the participants, 39.02% scored as having moderate to severe anxiety, and 37.54% scored as having moderate to severe depression. When the Youden index reached its maximum, the optimal cutoff was 7.17 h for the GAD-7 and 6.83 h for the PHQ-9. After adjustment for confounders, a longer research work duration was significantly associated with a higher anxiety [odds ratio (OR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21–1.44, p < 0.01] and depression (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.17–1.39, p < 0.01). Of all the participants working for 7 h a day, 37.04% had already published at least one paper and 25.93% had at least one Science Citation Index paper. Anxiety and depression are common among biomedical students. The research work duration of 7 h a day is the best cutoff for mental health, and it is associated with acceptable scientific research achievements. Not more than 7 h a day on research is recommended for biomedical students to maintain a balance between mental health and scientific research achievements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical activity, especially routine walking, is an imperative factor for the prevention of strokes, mental illness, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The NIH (National Institute of Health) has also acknowledged walking as the most important factor of the stroke rehabilitation program. Many research studies are presented by physicians and researchers in the literature that highlight the positive impacts of walking on human health (physical and mental). This paper has the objective of studying the impact of regular walking, especially on mental illness, CVDs, and strokes. The C-reactive protein (CRP), P-selectin protein, and homocysteine biomarkers are considered to decide the improvement in the health of an individual with respect to CVDs and strokes. The other parameters considered for the recommendations of physicians and healthcare experts for mental health are PSS (perceived stress score) and ESS (Epworth sleepiness score) that control mental illness. The values are measured for the participating subjects before participating in the walking activity and after the end of the walking schedule to see the impact on individuals. The overall mental and physical health of an individual contributes to the chances of occurrence of CVDs, mental illness, and strokes in individuals aged between 40 years and 55 years, as per the study presented in this paper. The results show that the PSS and ESS scores are improved after the walking activity. Eventually, it improved recovery from many kinds of mental illness and also reduced the chances of strokes. Similarly, the levels of the biomarkers that determine the chances of an individual having CVD or stroke also improved. Walking can impact our overall health in many ways, however, in this paper, the focus is given to ailments, such as strokes, CVDs, and mental illness. The results show that stress and improper sleepiness can impact mental health negatively. The research outcome is measured by adding walking in a routine life so that every individual can get rid of many physical and mental ailments. The results presented in the paper reveal that the 90-day walking program has created a good impact on the health of individuals by improving their physical and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In India, mental health rehabilitation centers run income generation programs (IGP) for therapeutic engagement, skills training, and income generation of clients. The centers have evolved IGP models relevant to their settings. There is a paucity of published literature on practices employed by the centers. Methods: This paper compiles data gathered from visits to 13 centers between November 2018 and April 2019. Information was collected through observation and interviews with staff involved in IGP, using a semi-structured pro forma designed for study. Results: Most centers were based in south India (n = 11) and urban areas (n = 12). Each center ran two to seven IGP. Each center involved 20–50 clients in IGP. Clients involved in IGP were aged 20–60 years. The centers ran a range of IGP, including the manufacturing of household consumables, paper products, textile products, handicraft products, food products, and jute products; animal husbandry and horticulture initiatives; and running cafeterias and petty shops. IGP were mostly selected based on market demand and sales value of products (n = 11); ease of doing (n = 5); interests, abilities, exposure, and experience of clients (n = 5); and availability of resources (n = 3). Products were priced primarily to cover input and labor costs (n = 8), and many centers sold products below the market rates (n = 5). Running stalls during public events was a common strategy for the sale of products (n = 9). Personal contacts and "word of mouth" publicity were used for advertisement (n = 6). Four centers involved family members in IGP. Conclusion: The nature of IGP varied in terms of setting, available resources, and profile of clients availing the services. Marketing and sales were a challenge. A supportive framework of policies and schemes is essential to promote IGP at mental health rehabilitation centers. This report may be helpful for professionals and centers planning to set up an IGP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being old comes with a lot of health crises that inhibit an aged person from adequately living a comfortable life as desired. However, advancement in medicine and technology is expected to make life comfortable for every human, particularly the ageing population. This paper relies on secondary data sourced from the internet to measure the health crises facing the ageing population. Evidence from the works of scholars showed that Nigeria has a very high, consistent, and rapid growth rate of the older population with serious health, social, economic and political implications. Findings revealed that old people without adequate care are often confronted with physical and psychological crises that eventually compound their socioeconomic and political lives. It is affirmed in this paper that maintaining a healthy state in old age is hampered by the onset of mental diseases, neurological disorders, drug use disorders and other health crises (diabetes, hearing loss and osteoarthritis). It is concluded that old age is crisis-driven and devastating to individuals and society. Thus, the paper recommends adequate medical and social support tailored to the specific need of individuals. Additionally, access to medical care should be tailored to the physical activity, occupation, education, and communication of the aged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to conduct a systematic literature review to investigate the mental health problems during COVID-19 and the role of nutrition in minimizing mental and health-related issues during COVID-19. Design/methodology/approach: A literature search was done electronically on April–May 2022 in the databases Google Scholar, PubMed and Cochrane Library, reviewing all the articles published in English. There were no limitations for the study (such as study design, region or any time frame). The quality assessment was done. The beginning database search picked out a total of 654 articles, 47 in PubMed, 575 in Google Scholar, 22 in Cochrane Library and 10 records from other sources. A total of 565 (duplicates found 89) were found after removing the duplicated articles, after reading the title and abstracts were further decreased to 88 full-text articles. These 88 studies went for full-text analysis, which excluded 56 studies and generated a final 32 articles for systemic analysis. The quality of the included study for the systematic review was assessed in two ways: one is evidence-based and another one on the JBI checklist. Findings: People in social isolation and home quarantine suffer from severe anxiety, stress, depression, loneliness, anger and panic attack. During COVID-19, the vital role of diet and nutrients in mental health has been acknowledged and helps mitigate COVID-19 infection. Many studies showed stress and anxiety due to increased unhealthy eating and lifestyle practices. Originality/value: This review will explain the interlink between diet and mental health because what we eat and think is interconnected with the gut–brain axis. The dietary elements and psychobiotic help in improving the immune system and psychological distress during the pandemic. This paper describes the role of different nutrients, psychobiotics and phytochemicals, to minimize mental and health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper also contains a balanced diet plan to withstand COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Conflict affected populations, in particular women in such settings, face an increased risk of developing mental health disorders as well as well as economic vulnerability and reduced productivity. However, the link between the two has rarely been studied. Data and methods: The data in this paper come from a cross-sectional dataset (n = 1053) and a panel dataset of (n = 499) women suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. This paper investigates the association between mental health disorders (PTSD, depression and/or anxiety) and employment for women in a conflict-affected setting. Results: The study finds that worsened local functioning is associated with reduced likelihood of working, earnings, and engagement in paid work. Reduction in probable depression and/or anxiety and PTSD are both associated with increased likelihood of engaging in paid work compared to unpaid work. Reduction in probable depression and/or anxiety is also associated with engaging in a secondary economic activity, as well as with higher productivity. However, when controlling for daily (local) functioning impairment, the primary pathway through which mental health may impact working, we detect a positive relationship between work or working hours and increased symptoms of PTSD and depression and/or anxiety. Working women with worse PTSD and depression and/or anxiety symptoms are also less likely to be self-employed, especially in an off-farm setting, and more likely to be engaged in farming. Conclusion: A complex relationship between working and mental health emerges. Our findings also suggest that in this population farming, particularly farm-based wage work, is positively associated with worse mental health even after accounting for wealth and other relevant socio-demographic factors. These findings highlight the importance of paying close attention to the mental health of beneficiaries of livelihood support projects in post-conflict settings, where the relationship between mental health and employment is not straightforward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The limited health and social care infrastructure that existed in the 1970s in Cambodia was destroyed due to the Khmer Rouge. Mental Health service infrastructures have developed in Cambodia in the last twenty five years, however, they have been shaped significantly by very limited funding being made available for human resources, support services and research. The lack of research on Cambodia's mental health systems and services is a significant barrier to the development of evidence-based mental health policies and practice. In order to address this barrier, effective research and development strategies are needed in Cambodia, which are based on locally well-informed research priorities. There are many possibilities for mental health research in LMIC countries such as Cambodia, therefore focused research priorities in these areas are needed to guide future research investment. This paper is the result of the development of international collaborative workshops, which focused on service mapping and research priority setting in the field of mental health in Cambodia. Methods: A nominal group technique was used to gather ideas and insights from a range of key mental health service stakeholders in Cambodia. Results: The key issues in service provisions for people with mental health issues and disorders, the interventions and programmes of support available, and currently needed, were identified. This paper also identifies five key mental health research priority areas which could form the basis for effective mental health research and development strategies in Cambodia. Conclusion: There is a clear need for the Cambodian government to devise a clear policy framework for health research. This framework could focus on the five research domains identified in this paper and could be incorporated within its National Health Strategic plans. The implementation of this approach would likely lead to the development of an evidence base which would allow the development of effective and sustainable strategies for mental health problem prevention and intervention. This would also contribute to promote the Cambodian government's capacity to take the deliberate, concrete, and targeted steps necessary to address the complex mental health needs of its population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This theoretical paper addresses the issue of epistemic injustice with particular reference to autism. Injustice is epistemic when harm is performed without adequate reason and is caused by or related to access to knowledge production and processing, e.g., concerning racial or ethnic minorities or patients. The paper argues that both mental health service users and providers can be subject to epistemic injustice. Cognitive diagnostic errors often appear when complex decisions are made in a limited timeframe. In those situations, the socially dominant ways of thinking about mental disorders and half-automated and operationalized diagnostic paradigms imprint on experts' decision-making processes. Recently, analyses have focused on how power operates in the service user–provider relationship. It was observed that cognitive injustice inflicts on patients through the lack of consideration of their first-person perspectives, denial of epistemic authority, and even epistemic subject status, among others. This paper shifts focus toward health professionals as rarely considered objects of epistemic injustice. Epistemic injustice affects mental health providers by harming their access to and use of knowledge in their professional activities, thus affecting the reliability of their diagnostic assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this Editorial Perspective, we take a systematic look at the overall nature of the Covid‐19 related research on mental health in children and young people, to gain insight into the major trends in this area of research and inform future lines of investigation, clinical practices, and policies. By means of state‐of‐the‐art scientometric approaches, we identified 3,692 relevant research outputs, mainly clustering around the following themes: (a) mental health consequences of the Covid‐19 pandemic in children and young people; (b) impact of the pandemic on pre‐existing psychiatric disorders; (c) family outcomes (i.e., family violence and parental mental health); and (d) link between physical and mental conditions. Only 23% of the retrieved publications reported new data, the remaining ones being reviews, editorials, opinion papers, and other nonempirical reports. The majority of the empirical studies used a cross‐sectional design. We suggest that future research efforts should prioritise: (a) longitudinal follow‐up of existing cohorts; (b) quasi‐experimental studies to gain insight into causal mechanisms underlying pandemic‐related psychopathology in children and young people; (c) pragmatic randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to test evidence‐based intervention strategies; and (d) evidence‐based guidelines for clinicians and policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: Four out of every five people with mental health disorders face stigma.Mental health and, consequently, mental health stigma are very common among youth living in the Middle East countries.Several studies have investigated mental health among adolescents in the Middle East, but studies on stigma are very scattered.There is no systematic review on stigma among adolescents with mental disorders across all the Middle East countries despite the common historical roots, similar cultural backgrounds, and recent widespread problems in the area. What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: This paper will aim to review and analyse the studies on stigma among adolescents with mental disorders in the Middle East countries, from different aspects such as the age rang, kind of stigma and risk factors of stigma. The study will cover studies on all kinds of stigma among Middle Eastern adolescents up to 18 years old published between 2000 and 2019.The study terms are generally focused on four categories: (a) kinds of Stigma, (b) Mental health problems, (c) Age range and (d) Region of study population. What are the implications for practice?: Increasing understanding and awareness of different angles of mental health stigma among adolescents may be helpful for better coping with this challenge.Understanding the nature of stigma may give adolescents the ability of ignoring it and avoid starting self‐stigma and/or stopping to seek help. Introduction: Although many epidemiological and interventional investigations regarding improving mental health among youth in the Middle East have been performed, there is no systematic review specifically analysing the studies on stigma among adolescents with mental disorders (A‐MDs) across all Middle East countries despite their common historical roots, similar cultural backgrounds, and recent widespread problems in the area. Purpose: We will aim to systematically review and analyse the English language studies on stigma among A‐MDs in the Middle East published between 2000 and 2019. Method: The Web of Knowledge, Science Direct, PsycINFO and MEDLINE are electronic databases that will be included in this study. Furthermore, the bibliography lists of eligible articles will be manually searched for additional included articles. Descriptive statistics will be represented by mean score and standard deviation for continuous data and number/percentage for categorical data. Discussion: This study may act as a resource for future studies attempting to assess and/or reduce stigma among children and adolescents with mental health issues specifically in the Middle East. Implications: It is important for healthcare providers, including nursing professional, to improve their knowledge and vision towards stigma in their community. The outcomes of this study can be a shortcut reaching this information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The March 2024 issue of JCPP Advances features two neuroimaging studies that investigate links between early environmental risk factors for mental health problems, brain development and psychopathology in children and young adults. The papers provide new insights into how adverse environments and negative experiences in childhood increase risk for depression and mental health problems, and how this may or may not be mediated, or moderated, by individual differences in the brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The majority of the world's total prison population resides in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), but most research into the prevalence of mental illness and suicide risk comes from high-income countries (HIC). The provision of mental health care varies widely across prisons in LMIC, with reported disparity between high levels of need and funding, resources and services. This rapid review aims to explore the existing evidence-base relating to suicide and mental health prevalence in prisons in LMIC. A total of 2,799 published and grey literature were identified through systematic searches, with 35 papers included in the final review. The prevalence of suicide ideation was lower among prisoners in LMIC than HIC, with common mental illness, severe mental illness, and substance misuse more prevalent among LMIC prisoners. Rates of suicide ideation and common mental illness were higher among females than males. These findings highlight the need for dedicated research using LMIC samples and consideration of resources within LMIC prisons. The results of this analysis can be used to inform next steps to tackle the high level of unmet mental health needs amongst prisoner populations in LMIC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this paper, we discuss our journey as academic entrepreneurs, which began when we saw a market for objective markers for the diagnosis and assessment of mental health disorders. For most of history, mental health disorders have been chiefly defined by the subjective experiences of people with these disorders -- we know people have a depressive disorder because they feel depressed or that they have a psychotic disorder because they experience hallucinations. The lack of objective markers to track changes in mental health symptoms creates barriers to treatment. To address this, the vision of KeyWise AI is the further development and commercialization of an innovative digital phenotyping technology that turns smartphones into fitness trackers for the brain. We first describe how we commercialized findings derived from the ongoing citizen science BiAffect study and how our brain fitness-tracking technology supports real-time passive and unobtrusive modeling and monitoring of emotional, behavioral and cognitive processes. The core technology centers around a custom-built smartphone keyboard that replaces the default keyboard, thus allowing for unobtrusive collection of anonymized keyboard dynamics and motor kinetics metadata. We conclude this paper with some general guidelines that may help future academic entrepreneurs on their startup journey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to conduct a systematic search of the peer-reviewed qualitative literature investigating the lived experience of seclusion for adults with mental health difficulties, to appraise the quality of the existing literature and synthesise findings. Background: seclusion is a controversial intervention for the short-term management of unsafe behaviours in inpatient mental health services. There has been some sporadic interest in service users’ experiences of this.Design/methodology/approach Systematic literature review and meta-synthesis: data sources – databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PSYCINFO were searched in July 2015; review methods – the Joanna Briggs Institute’s Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument tools for critical appraisal and data extraction were used to review papers and synthesise findings.Findings A small number of papers were found, which were of mixed quality.Originality/value The existing research is limited in both quantity and quality. Although most participants from the existing research described seclusion as mostly negative with the potential for causing iatrogenic harm, some described more positive experiences, often in the context of compassionate interactions with staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'In this modern globalized world, the social and cultural scenario has changed' and the present-day world is one of stress and other of diseases. Now people usually seek medical helps be it allopathic, neuropathic, scientific or of any kind. The following paper supports the understatement that people could actually heal without any medical aid but by naturopathic means. Environment can increase or reduce our stress level which in turn impacts our bodies. Whatever we perceive with our senses puts an impact on our nervous, endocrine and immune system. Regardless of age or culture, humans have always found nature pleasing. In the modern world and patriarchal Society, women can be seen more victimized and thus more prone to depression, anxiety and other mental disorders. This paper will take into account the healing effect of Nature in bringing about a harmonal balance and order and in treating other mental disorders of women specifically by reducing their anxiety and depression. A woman is the steerer of a family, hence their health and mental well-being is an issue of great concern. And this can very well be taken care of if their association with Nature is assured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To examine: the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on access to health services by middle-aged and older Australians; and the use of telehealth services during the COVID-19 pandemic and its ongoing usefulness. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among participants who completed the COVID-19 supplement in the 45 and Up Study 2020 Survey. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between socio-demographic characteristics and health conditions with missed/delayed access to health services, changes in health outcomes resulting from missed/delayed access, and use of telehealth services. Results: Data for 45 071 participants were analysed (56% female, 72% aged ≥65 years). Almost half (42.2%) reported they had missed/delayed access to health care due to COVID-19; mainly for dental services (26.1%), visits to a general practitioner (GP) (16.3%) and specialists (12.6%). Missed/delayed visits to GPs and specialists were more likely among females, participants from non-English-speaking backgrounds, with disability/illness, living in outer regional/remote areas or with chronic health conditions. People with a disability or high/very high psychological distress were twice as likely to report worse health as a result of missed/delayed care. Half (48.0%) the study participants used telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic and 81.9% indicated telehealth would be useful post-pandemic. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted access to healthcare services, particularly for people with a disability, and chronic or mental health issues who also reported worse health. This may account for their higher use of telehealth services as an alternate way of accessing health care. Ongoing evaluation of telehealth services for vulnerable groups post-pandemic is required. What is known about the topic ? The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on healthcare usage and access. What does this paper add? This paper identifies the impact of access to health care during the COVID-19 pandemic on vulnerable subgroups within middle-aged and older Australians, including those with chronic and mental health issues. Telehealth is an acceptable way to facilitate access to services for these groups. What are the implications for practitioners? Practitioners are strategically positioned to provide alternatives to face-to-face visits during times of limited access and identify those who are in most need of additional care by way of telehealth intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2019, three internal studies were conducted in the Irish Probation Service exploring mental health among persons subject to probation supervision. This paper briefly considers, as context for the studies, the Irish and wider international literature exploring mental health problems among those engaged with probation services and outlines the key findings from the three studies. The studies though limited in scale, scope and methodology were consistent in identifying recurring themes supporting the broader research literature highlighting the prevalence of mental health problems among probation service clients. The paper discusses the key findings and implications for probation policy and practice, and looks to ongoing developments and related new initiatives in the field in Ireland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Much of the literature to date concerning public attitudes towards people with severe mental illness (SMI) has focused on negative stereotypes and discriminatory behaviour. However, there also exists a tradition of volunteering with these people, implying a more positive attitude. Groups with positive attitudes and behaviours towards people with SMI have received relatively little attention in research. They merit further attention, as evidence on characteristics and experiences of volunteers may help to promote volunteering. The present paper aims to systematically review the literature reporting characteristics, motivations, experiences, and benefits of volunteers in the care of people with SMI. Methods: In November 2010, a systematic electronic search was carried out in BNI, CINAHL, Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, Cochrane Registers and Web of Science databases, using a combination of 'volunteer', 'mental health' and 'outcome' search terms. A secondary hand search was performed in relevant psychiatric journals, grey literature and references. Results: 14 papers met the inclusion criteria for the review, with data on a total of 540 volunteers. The results suggest that volunteers are a mostly female, but otherwise heterogeneous group. Motivations for volunteering are a combination of what they can 'give' to others and what they can 'get' for themselves. Overall volunteers report positive experiences. The main benefit to persons with a psychiatric illness is the gaining of a companion, who is non-stigmatizing and proactive in increasing their social-community involvement. Conclusions: The evidence base for volunteers in care of people with SMI is small and inconsistent. However there are potential implications for both current and future volunteering programmes from the data. As the data suggests that there is no 'typical' volunteer, volunteering programmes should recruit individuals from a variety of backgrounds. The act of volunteering can not only benefit people with SMI, but also the volunteers. Further research may specify methods of recruiting, training, supervising and using volunteers to maximise the benefit for all involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of insight into psychosis has received scant attention in the psychiatric literature. Various types of insight are described after drawing on such sources as phenomenology, clinical observation and experimental psychology. It is proposed that insight is far from an all or none phenomenon but comprises three overlapping dimensions, namely, the recognition that one has a mental illness, compliance with treatment and the ability to re-label unusual mental events (delusions and hallucinations) as pathological. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High prevalence of mental illness and the need for effective mental health care, combined with recent advances in AI, has led to an increase in explorations of how the field of machine learning (ML) can assist in the detection, diagnosis and treatment of mental health problems. ML techniques can potentially offer new routes for learning patterns of human behavior; identifying mental health symptoms and risk factors; developing predictions about disease progression; and personalizing and optimizing therapies. Despite the potential opportunities for using ML within mental health, this is an emerging research area, and the development of effective ML-enabled applications that are implementable in practice is bound up with an array of complex, interwoven challenges. Aiming to guide future research and identify new directions for advancing development in this important domain, this article presents an introduction to, and a systematic review of, current ML work regarding psycho-socially based mental health conditions from the computing and HCI literature. A quantitative synthesis and qualitative narrative review of 54 papers that were included in the analysis surfaced common trends, gaps, and challenges in this space. Discussing our findings, we (i) reflect on the current state-of-the-art of ML work for mental health, (ii) provide concrete suggestions for a stronger integration of human-centered and multi-disciplinary approaches in research and development, and (iii) invite more consideration of the potentially far-reaching personal, social, and ethical implications that ML models and interventions can have, if they are to find widespread, successful adoption in real-world mental health contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The Community Informant Detection Tool (CIDT) is a paper-based proactive case detection strategy with evidence for improving help-seeking behavior for mental healthcare. Key implementation barriers for the paper-based CIDT include delayed reporting of cases and lack of active follow up. We used mobile phones and structured text messages to improve timeliness of case reporting, encouraging follow up, and case record keeping. 36 female community health volunteers piloted this mobile phone CIDT (mCIDT) for three months in 2017 in rural Nepal. Results: Only 8 cases were identified by health volunteers using mCIDT, and only two of these cases engaged with health services post-referral. Accuracy with the mCIDT was considerably lower than paper-based CIDT, especially among older health volunteers, those with lower education, and those having difficulties sending text messages. Qualitative findings revealed implementation challenges including cases not following through on referrals due to perceived lack of staff at health facilities, assumptions among health volunteers that all earthquake-related mental health needs had been met, and lack of financial incentives for use of mCIDT. Based on study findings, we provide 5 recommendations—in particular attitudinal and system preparedness changes—to effectively introduce new mental healthcare technology in low resource health systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media is now being used to model mental well-being, and for understanding health outcomes. Computer scientists are now using quantitative techniques to predict the presence of specific mental disorders and symptomatology, such as depression, suicidality, and anxiety. This research promises great benefits to monitoring efforts, diagnostics, and intervention design for these mental health statuses. Yet, there is no standardized process for evaluating the validity of this research and the methods adopted in the design of these studies. We conduct a systematic literature review of the state-of-the-art in predicting mental health status using social media data, focusing on characteristics of the study design, methods, and research design. We find 75 studies in this area published between 2013 and 2018. Our results outline the methods of data annotation for mental health status, data collection and quality management, pre-processing and feature selection, and model selection and verification. Despite growing interest in this field, we identify concerning trends around construct validity, and a lack of reflection in the methods used to operationalize and identify mental health status. We provide some recommendations to address these challenges, including a list of proposed reporting standards for publications and collaboration opportunities in this interdisciplinary space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The prevalence of mental health difficulties and the demand for psychological support for students in higher education (HE) appear to be increasing. Online therapy is a widely accessible resource that could provide effective support; however, little is known about such provision. The aim of this study was therefore to answer the research question 'What factors serve to influence higher education students' levels of engagement with online therapy?' Method: A systematic review of qualitative scholarly and peer‐reviewed literature was conducted across 10 databases. Six papers met the inclusion criteria, were assessed for quality and were analysed using thematic synthesis. Findings: Factors that serve to motivate HE students to engage with online therapy included the perception that it might enhance the quality of the therapeutic relationship, that it would facilitate more autonomy in the work, and that it might enable them to be anonymous and avoid face‐to‐face contact. In contrast, demotivating factors were primarily practical in nature. Fitting therapeutic work into their busy lives, technological challenges and persisting mental health stigma proved important factors. Conclusion: This review synthesises the reasons why HE students might engage with or withdraw from online therapy. It highlights that students appear to view online therapy positively, but they can be inhibited by both personal and practical issues. Therapeutic services therefore need to ensure that information about the work they offer online is clear and transparent and that the platforms they work on are secure and stable. Finally, the need for further research, to keep abreast of technological developments, is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A common tendency among individuals, particularly men, is to exhibit resilience and compassion instead of openly revealing their genuine emotions. This aligns with the prevalent societal notion of masculinity, where men often aim to embody the expected societal image of masculinity. For this reason, males perceived help-seeking attitude (i.e., mental health problem) as a weakness, or stigmatized, and therefore may refuse to seek help. This paper studied the relationship and impact of masculinity to self-compassion and mental health help-seeking attitude of male adults. This was achieved by employing a descriptive-correlational research approach, where data was collected from 400 participants using standardized measures, including the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory-46, The Inventory of Attitude Toward Seeking Mental Health Services, and the Self-Compassion Scale (Short Form). The study's results suggested that most of the respondents exhibited lower levels of masculinity, coupled with a moderate degree of self-compassion and low levels of mental health help-seeking attitude. Moreover, using Pearson correlational and regression analysis, the findings of the study indicated that variables are significant and related with each other and that masculinity has an impact on self-compassion and mental health help-seeking attitude of male adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Muslims experience the lowest recovery rate from mental health difficulties across all religious groups. The aim of this research is to understand the barriers that prevent Muslims from accessing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and the extent to which these may vary across country of residence. Methods: Systematic review and thematic synthesis for quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies published in English and Arabic informed by the SPIDER search tool. Methodological quality and risk of bias of included papers were critically appraised independently according to the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Results: A search of seven databases in the Arabic and English language yielded 3836 studies with 210 studies assessed for eligibility. Employing the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool resulted in 14 studies included in the thematic synthesis. Seven studies adopted a qualitative methodology employing semi-structured interviews and seven were quantitative descriptive studies. Conclusions: Muslim communities experience barriers accessing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy at the level of the individual, culture, provider and management. The main barriers were experienced at the individual level which was dominated by the influence of Islam regarding the cause of mental health difficulties, which also influenced the way in which difficulties were managed. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO and registration number: CRD42020192854. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of mental health problems in childhood and adolescence has increased significantly, not least due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany and other countries worldwide. Although holistic school interventions to promote mental health and prevent mental health problems are considered promising, there is currently uncertainty about their effectiveness due to evaluation studies with heterogeneous methodological quality. This paper presents the study protocol for the evaluation of the primary school module of MindMatters. Methods: As part of a universal mental health intervention, the MindMatters primary school module 'Learning Together with Emotions' aims to promote social-emotional learning (SEL) in the classroom across five skill areas. In addition to classroom activities, the intervention includes a school development module to help primary schools create structures and processes to maintain and promote mental health. To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention, a two-arm cluster-randomised controlled trial will be conducted, including schools implementing MindMatters over a 12-month period and a control group with no access to the intervention. Data will be collected before and 18 months after initiation of the intervention. Controlled for baseline conditions, multilevel regression analysis will be used to examine primary intervention outcomes at the pupil level (i.e. reductions in mental and behavioural problems). Further mediation and moderation analyses will examine whether proximal outcomes predict changes in mental health outcomes and whether school-level factors influence the effectiveness of the intervention. Discussion: This study will contribute to strengthen the evidence base for holistic school (mental) health promotion interventions using a study design with high internal validity. Based on an intervention model, the results will not only provide insights into the relationship between proximal and distal outcomes, but will also allow conclusions to be drawn about how the implementation of the intervention affects its effectiveness. Finally, the findings also address the question of whether improved mental health has a positive effect on primary school pupils' academic performance. Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00023762. Registered on 5 January 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Latin American prison population has grown faster than anywhere else globally over the past two decades, reaching a total of 1.7 million people at any given time. However, research on mental health prevention and treatment interventions in Latin American prisons remains scarce. Aims: This study aimed to systematically review and synthesize research on prison mental health interventions conducted in the region. Methods: We used a two-stage scoping review design guided by the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. Searches took place in December 2021 in nine databases using descriptors and synonyms. First, all prison mental health research in Latin America was retained. Secondly, using title and abstract screening, all research possibly related to interventions was retained for full text evaluation. Studies reporting interventions were assessed by country, language, institution, population, intervention type, intervention focus and outcomes. Results: N = 34 studies were included in this review. These were 13 case reports, seven expert consensus papers and 14 quantitative studies (four randomized controlled trials, nine cohort studies, one quasi-experimental study). Fourteen interventions were targeted at promoting prosocial behavior, seven studies each aimed to improve mental health and to treat substance use disorders. Six studies involved the treatment of sexual offending behavior, and 3 focused on reducing criminal recidivism. Psychoeducation (n = 12) and motivational interviewing (n = 5) were the most frequent intervention types studied. Promising data from trials showed that anger management, depression, substance use and reoffending could be successfully addressed through interventions. Conclusions: Implementation and effectiveness research of mental health interventions in Latin American prisons is scarce. Addressing mental health, substance use and prosocial behavior outcomes should be considered in future research. There is a particular dearth of controlled trials describing quantifiable outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Journal of Psychotraumatology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The COVID-19 pandemic substantially impacted the mental health of the general population and particularly vulnerable individuals and groups. A wealth of research allows for estimating this impact and identifying relevant factors contributing to or mitigating it. The current paper presents and synthesizes this evidence into a multiaxial model of COVID-19 mental health impacts. Based on existing research, we propose four axes: (1) Exposure to COVID-related events; (2) Personal and social vulnerability, such as previous mental health problems or belonging to a vulnerable group; (3) Time, which accounts for the differential impacts throughout the development of the pandemic; and (4) Context, including healthcare and public policies, and social representations of the illness influencing individual emotional reactions and relevant behaviors. These axes help acknowledge the complexity of communities' reactions and are pragmatic in identifying and prioritizing factors. The axes can provide individual information (i.e., more exposure is harmful) and account for interactions (e.g., exposure in an early phase of the pandemic differs from a later stage). This model contributes to the reflections of the evidence and informs the mental health response to the next pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prosocial behavior has positive social, cognitive, and physical health effects on the individual exhibiting the behavior as well as on society as a whole, and is integral to overall mental and physical wellbeing. The development of prosocial behavior is rooted in early childhood and learned through observation. As such, those spending time with children, especially their caregiver, play a critical role in their prosocial development. The current study investigates the impact of caregiver mental health on the prosocial development of young children over time. Methods: This paper presents a secondary analysis of child prosocial development in the Asenze Study, a longitudinal, population-based cohort study based in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Children were followed-up over time from an average age of five to seven years along with their caregivers. Linear GEE regression analysis was used to assess whether a change in presence of a mental health disorder in a caregiver during this 2-year interval (using the Client Diagnostic Questionnaire) impacted the development of their child's prosocial behavior (using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire). Results: After adjusting for early child-care, child HIV status, SDQ child prosocial subscale, SDQ total difficulties score, and household order score (CHAOS), children whose caregivers acquired a mental health disorder had a significantly smaller increase in prosocial behavioral development compared to children whose caregivers never had a mental health disorder. Conclusions: Identifying contextually relevant modifiable factors such as this will help stimulate the development of interventions to promote prosocial development in childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder with a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms. Some of the serious complications of PCOS are mental disorders including depression. Therefore, the aim of the meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence, mean level, standardized mean difference and probability of depression based on the research conducted with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). A systematic literature search was performed using the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov and Google for research published until January 2023. The meta-analysis was conducted on a group of 4002 patients obtained from 19 studies, which met the inclusion criteria (adult pre-menopausal women diagnosed with PCOS, papers on the prevalence of depression or the HADS scoring). According to the research performed, the mean prevalence of depression was 31% (I2 = 93%; p < 0.001), whereas the mean HADS depression score in patients with PCOS was 6.31 (I2 = 93%; p < 0.001). The standardized difference of mean depression scores was SMD = 0.421 (95% confidence interval = 0.17–0.68, I2 = 67%). The overall probability of depression in PCOS patients was more than 2.5-fold higher than in healthy women ((RR: 2.58), confidence interval [1.38–4.85]; I2 = 90%, p < 0.001). The research results imply an increased risk of depressive symptoms in women with PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Mental health problems are a leading and increasing cause of health-related burden in children across the world. Peer support interventions are increasingly used to meet this need using the lived experience of people with a history of mental health problems. However, much of the research underpinning this work has focused on adults, leaving a gap in knowledge about how these complex interventions may work for different children in different circumstances. Realist research may help us to understand how such complex interventions may trigger different mechanisms to produce different outcomes in children. This paper reports on an important first step in realist research, namely the construction of an embryonic initial programme theory to help 'focus' realist evaluation exploring how children's peer support services work in different contexts to produce different outcomes in the West Midlands (UK). Methods: A survey and preliminary semi-structured realist interviews were conducted with 10 people involved in the delivery of peer support services. Realist analysis was carried out to produce context-mechanism-outcome configurations (CMOC). Results: Analysis produced an initial programme theory of peer support for children's mental health. This included 12 CMOCs. Important outcomes identified by peer support staff included hope, service engagement, wellbeing, resilience, and confidence; each generated by different mechanisms including contextualisation of psychoeducation, navigating barriers to accessing services, validation, skill development, therapeutic relationship, empowerment, and reducing stigma. Conclusion: These data lay the groundwork for designing youth mental health realist research to evaluate with nuance the complexities of what components of peer support work for whom in varying circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emotional well-being of college students is of utmost significance. The psychological states of college students who are on the verge of entering the social work field form the key factor that directly influences the quality of social construction because these students constitute the primary driving force in the field. On the other hand, the overwhelming amount of schoolwork, the intense level of competitiveness, and the undeveloped psychological qualities of college students are the primary contributors to their mental health problems. Currently, an increasing number of college students are struggling with mental health issues, which will have a significant impact on the growth of families and schools and the future construction of the nation. In this paper, deep features and a multiview fuzzy clustering technique are presented, as well as a mental health assessment model (CNN-MV-MEC) that is proposed for college students. The primary purpose of this research is to determine the mental state of the input sample by classifying and identifying an EEG that was acquired through the application of CNN-MV-MEC. If a certain number of samples are found to be in negative emotional states on a regular basis or for an extended period of time, this indicates that the sample most likely contains individuals who struggle with mental health issues. At this point in time, university officials are in a position to implement follow-up mental health management actions based on the outcomes of the model evaluation process. The primary contributions of this study are as follows. First, to extract the deep features from the given dataset, this paper makes use of a traditional convolutional neural network (CNN). In the second step, a classification model is trained using a multiview maximum entropy clustering (MV-MEC) technique. In the final step, the input test data are categorized by employing the trained classification model to determine the emotional state of the sample. The SEED dataset is used as the training data for the mental health assessment model proposed in this paper. Thus, the performance of the model can be evaluated. Model comparison experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach yields more accurate results than competing methods when assessing the mental health of college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Over the past decade, there has been an increase in the number of digital technologies available for mental health purposes. At the same time, engaging in regular physical activity has been shown to promote mental health and well-being, but activity levels are still low in people with mental illness due to several factors. Material and methods: The aim of this study is to identify and better understand what digital technologies are available for physical activity promotion in mental healthcare contexts. A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Arksey and O'Malley scoping review framework and the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Systematic literature searches of PsycINFO, Academic Search Complete, Web of Science, and PubMed was performed with a focus on the last ten years. Results: Overall, 11 papers were included. Data was charted and synthesized, and a narrative synthesis was conducted. This scoping review provides a broad overview of the digital tools or technologies that are being used, such virtual reality, wearable devices and mobile applications, and the health benefits or barriers associated with their use for people with mental illness in clinical settings. The results also show that digital technologies could promote willingness to engage in physical activity. Conclusions: These findings could guide further research on how digital technologies for physical activity promotion can be effectively integrated into psychosocial rehabilitation settings and support mental health and recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to systematically review the research hotspots and frontiers in the field of international child and adolescent mental health education over the past 22 years. Furthermore, based on the changes in these hotspots, it aims to predict future research directions, providing valuable references for scholars engaged in subsequent research in this field. Methods: Using analytical tools such as CiteSpace, R-Tool, and VOSviewer, a quantitative analysis was conducted on 10,231 research papers in the field of children's mental health education from the WoSCC database published between 2000 and 2022. Results: The results indicate that mental health problems among children and adolescents have become a global public health issue, with a continuous increase in related research publications over the years. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated mental health problems among children and adolescents during periods of lockdown. The United States is a core research country in this field, and influential journals in this area include "Pediatrics" and "Social Science & Medicine." Ford, Tamsin is an authoritative author in this field. Popular research topics in this field include family education, children with disabilities, and substance abuse. Future research is likely to focus on the impact of physical activity on mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Long-Term Care Nursing / Pielegniarstwo w Opiece Dlugoterminowej is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Without proper treatment, people with co-occurring mental health and substance use problems are at great risk for poor outcomes and high treatment costs in multiple domains. Intermediary organizations can provide support to programs implementing integrated treatment and other evidence-based practices; this includes developing practical tools for programs built to encourage fidelity to a particular practice. In this paper, we describe a group curriculum workbook designed to help practitioners provide integrated treatment with fidelity and a pilot learning collaborative to evaluate whether this workbook is a helpful tool for programs to support people with serious mental health conditions and substance use in identifying and achieving personal goals. Results of the pilot found that nearly all participants demonstrated progress with respect to their identified goals, and group facilitators reported that the workbook was easy to use, that participants enjoyed the material, and that they intended to continue offering the group as part of their regular programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Various mental health hospital models have been tested in Chile since its foundation. The institutional model with the Asylum and the Madhouse prevailed during the nineteenth century and much of the twentieth. But is deinstitutionalizing all psychiatric patients the solution? Evidence acquisition: A PubMed, Epistemonikos, Lilacs, and Google Scholar Scoping Review was carried out in the last 5 years using the PRISMA-P method and the Scoping review search strategy. The MeSH terms (“Psychiatry/history” AND “Chile”) OR (“Mental disorders” AND “therapy”) were used during the search. Finally, papers focused on clinical trial therapy evaluation were excluded, and we emphasized the eects of historical evidence. Evidence synthesis: We identified 35 primary studies, and we counted the number of articles included in the review that potentially met our inclusion criteria and noted how many studies had been missed by our search. We analyzed 10 primary studies and 10 primary historical resources that were included in this study. Conclusion: The state must become a guarantor and be responsible for its psychiatric patients and provide professional and humanitarian support to its patients, be it through community psychiatry, day hospitals, devices such as mental health clinics, or psychiatric institutes dedicated to teaching and research. Patients should not be left to the free will of their direct relatives, but rather the state should strengthen the primary care system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study proposes to identify and validate weighted sensor stream signatures that predict near-term risk of a major depressive episode and future mood among healthcare workers in Kenya. Approach: The study will deploy a mobile application (app) platform and use novel data science analytic approaches (Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning) to identifying predictors of mental health disorders among 500 randomly sampled healthcare workers from five healthcare facilities in Nairobi, Kenya. Expectation: This study will lay the basis for creating agile and scalable systems for rapid diagnostics that could inform precise interventions for mitigating depression and ensure a healthy, resilient healthcare workforce to develop sustainable economic growth in Kenya, East Africa, and ultimately neighboring countries in sub-Saharan Africa. This protocol paper provides an opportunity to share the planned study implementation methods and approaches. Conclusion: A mobile technology platform that is scalable and can be used to understand and improve mental health outcomes is of critical importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major depressive disorder (MDD) and other mental health issues pose a substantial burden on the workforce. Approximately half a million Canadians will not be at work in any week because of a mental health disorder, and more than twice that number will work at a reduced level of productivity (presenteeism). Although it is important to determine whether work plays a role in a mental health condition, at initial presentation, patients should be diagnosed and treated per appropriate clinical guidelines. However, it is also important for patient care to determine the various causes or triggers including work-related factors. Clearly identifying the stressors associated with the mental health disorder can help clinicians to assess functional limitations, develop an appropriate care plan, and interact more effectively with worker's compensation and disability programs, as well as employers. There is currently no widely accepted tool to definitively identify MDD as work-related, but the presence of certain patient and work characteristics may help. This paper seeks to review the evidence specific to depression in the workplace, and provide practical tips to help clinicians to identify and treat work-related MDD, as well as navigate disability issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]