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The article presents information about Canada's Green Paper on Immigration Policy. Minister of Manpower and Immigration, the Honorable Robert Andras, finally tabled the Canadian government's Green Paper on immigration policy, in the House of Commons on February 3, 1975. Canadian governments produce green papers in order to initiate a national discussion on particular issues, and white papers when they wish to make specific policy proposals, often leading to legislation. It examines the contents of Canada's Green Paper and to reflect upon the circumstances in which it was written and on the implications it may have for the future development of our immigration policy and programs. Throughout the post-war period, Canadian immigration policy has had very short-term objectives, although there has always been an underlying assumption that immigration meant population growth and that this was what Canada needed. The motivation of the Canadian government in setting up a task force-the Canadian Immigration and Population Study-in September 1973 to produce a Green Paper on immigration and population growth.

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In this paper two gaps in North American immigrant homeownership research are addressed. The first concerns the lack of studies (especially in Canada) that identify changes in homeownership rates by skin color over time, and the second relates to the shortage of comparative research between Canada and the United States on this topic. In this paper the homeownership levels and attainment rates of Black, Chinese, Filipino, White, and South Asian immigrants are compared in Canada and the United States for 1970/1971–2000/2001. For the most part, greater similarities than differences are found between the two countries. Both Canadian and U.S. Chinese and White immigrants have the highest adjusted homeownership rates of all groups, at times even exceeding comparably positioned native-born households. Black immigrants, on the other hand, tend to have the lowest ownership rates of all groups, particularly in the United States, with Filipinos and South Asians situated between these extremes. Most of these differences stem from disparities that exist at arrival, however, and not from differential advancement into homeownership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts of various papers related to the migration that were published in several periodicals. One of the papers discussed is "Gentility: A French-Canadian Community in the Minnesota Red River Valley," by V. Berroit. The history of the settlement of French Canadians in Gentility, a township in Polk County in the Red River Valley of North-Western Minnesota. "For the most part, French Canadian immigrants remained culturally and spiritually faithful to a socio-ecclesiastical structure and that not only gave them individual independence by being basically rural, but assured them of their survival as a group by virtue of its village-like character. Another paper discussed is "Immigration Policies and Trends: A Comparison of Canada and the United States," by M. Byod. This paper discusses recent migration to North America with reference to the 1962 and 1967 Canadian immigration regulations and the 1965 U.S. Immigration and Nationality Act. Despite the similar emphasis on manpower and kinship criteria as the basis for the admission of immigrants, differences between Canada and the U.S. exist with respect to the importance of immigration for the respective economies, the organization of immigration, the formal regulations, and the size and composition of migrant streams.

The article presents information about an international colloquium on historical demography, which was scheduled from October 8 to 10, 1975, under the auspices of the Department of Demography of the University of Montreal and the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population. The colloquium is entitled "New countries, old countries: Problems in Measuring Demographic Phenomena" and papers will deal with Third World countries and developed countries in the period prior to 1914. A session on "Selective aspects of migration", scheduled for October 9, is being organized by H. Charbonneau (Department of Demography, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada). The National Institute for Child Health and Human Development sponsored a conference on Population Distribution on January 29-31, 1975 at Belmont, Maryland. The following papers were presented: "Distribution of the World's Increasing Rural People and Their Potential Absorption," by Kirk H. Stone; "Population Change and Redistribution in Non-metropolitan Pennsylvania, 1940-1970," by Wilbur Zelinsky; and "Trends in Metropolitan Population Growth since 1970," by Richard L. Forstall.

This paper examines the development of inter-ethnic friendships between immigrants and Canadians. It uses longitudinal data from three waves of the Canadian LSIC survey, in which newly arrived immigrants were followed during the first 4 years of settlement. It is found that pre-migration characteristics play an important role in the development of inter-ethnic friendships: immigrants who arrive at a younger age and for economic reasons, as well as those who are highly educated and have a cross-ethnic partner at the moment of arrival, establish more inter-ethnic friendships over time. In addition, post-migration characteristics affect the formation of inter-ethnic friendships. Such friendships are more common among immigrants who embrace Canadian traditions and acquire the host-country language, as well as among those who work in international settings and inhabit ethnically mixed neighborhoods. The effects of pre-migration characteristics are partially mediated by post-migration characteristics. Our findings point out that economic, cultural, and spatial integration are all conducive to inter-ethnic friendships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we examine how individual-level characteristics and national context affect attitudes toward immigration. Although many previous studies have compared attitudes toward immigration across countries, little attention has been paid to how attitudes may be affected by changes within a country over time. We take advantage of seventeen national Canadian Gallup surveys to consider how differences in national economic conditions and changing immigration flows affect attitudes and changes in attitudes between 1975 and 2000. While the state of the national economy affects attitudes this is not the case for the rate of immigration. Rather than affecting some groups more than others the state of the economy has a relatively uniform effect across groups. Our results also show that far from being a continuum, being anti-immigration and being pro-immigration are qualitatively different. Interest, ideology, and the national economy affect anti-immigration sentiments, but only ideology affects pro-immigration sentiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines two issues: (1) poverty dynamics among successive cohorts of entering immigrants to Canada, and (2) whether rising educational attainment and increasing share in the “skilled” class since the early 1990s has resulted in improvements in poverty entry, exit, and chronic poverty. The entry to poverty is very high during the first year in Canada, but low in subsequent years. The dramatic move toward more labor-market friendly characteristics of entering immigrants had only a very small effect on poverty outcomes, in part because the relative advantage of holding a degree diminished, and “skilled economic” class immigrants were more likely to enter poverty than their “family” class counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the principle of the right to repatriation and the Canadian dilemma in applying that principle in dealing with both refugees and the country from which they originally fled, Rwanda. It is particularly concerned with the right of individuals to be a member of a state and with the right to regain membership in a state from which they fled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information on the recent developments related to the issue of migration around the world. The American Sociological Association held its annual meetings in Toronto between August 24 and 28, 1981. There were nine sessions dealing with population and international migration. Canadian Population Society annual meetings were held in Halifax, Nova Scotia, June 1 and 2, 1981. Mary M. Kritz was the guest editor of Migraciones Internacionales en Las Americas, the first issue of the first volume of a periodical published by CEPAM. John Connell, Project Coordinator, South Pacific Commission reports on a project on migration project on migration to assist governments of the South Pacific in integrating population and migration issues into employment and development planning. M. Saleheen, Chairman, Department of Geography, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dacca, Bangladesh, presented a paper on "The significance of internal migration in the population redistribution in Bangladesh", before the Symposium on Development and Population Redistribution in South Asia, organized by the International Geographers Union Commission on Population Geography, in Karachi, Pakistan.

This article presents information on the journal "The international Newsletter on Migration" which is a publication of the Research Committee on Migration, International Sociological Association, Canada. Some of the organizational news presented was related to the conference on return migration, announced in the previous issue of the Newsletter that is being moved to the Fall 1981. The program remains the same. The Committee will be in a better financial position to meet the costs of the conference. A preliminary program will be published in June, 1981. The anticipated time of the conference is toward the end of October, again in Rome. The Committee is issuing additional details on the conference to its members in its Bulletin. The World Congress of Sociology will be held in Mexico City at the end of August, 1982. The Research Committee on Migration is organizing eight sessions dealing with questions of internal and international migration. Some of the sessions will be devoted to the issues of migration in Latin America. Members of the Committee will be eligible for presenting papers subject to selection by the individual session organizers.

After surveying the historical and legal background of the return migration to Israel, the empirical investigation reported in this paper-based on a random sample of Israeli citizens who returned during 1970 from the U.S., Canada, and France-addressed itself to the subject of motivations to migrate. The analysis has shown that the attraction that Israel has for its citizens residing abroad is primarily associated with patriotic commitments and family ties, whereas forces pushing people from other countries play only a minor role in return migration to Israel. The Israeli Government plan of granting special economic benefits to returnees during 1968-1970 did not achieve its designated purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the centrality of the family, both nuclear and extended in the Italian postwar migratory process to Canada and in their post-migratory adjustment. In a series of interviews with first generation immigrant children, two themes emerged: the necessity of keeping the nuclear family together and the importance of intergenerational ties and commitments. The respondents tended to view their parents' decision to migrate as one primarily motivated by familial considerations. That is, it was seen as a decision based on their future as a family, whether for reunification, or for greater opportunities for the children. For these respondents, family ties have not only survived migration but have been fortified by it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an international newsletter on migration. The subject of migration was well covered at the Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America, held in Montreal, Canada on April 29-May 1. The Presidential Address, delivered by Sidney Goldstein, was entitled "Facets of Redistribution: Research Challenges and Opportunities" Goldstein will be on sabbatical during 1976-77, spending part of the year at the East-West Population Institute in Honolulu, Hawaii and part at the Australian National University in Canberra, Australia. Goldstein was also honored by his former students in the graduate programs at Brown University who presented him with a signed piece of Steuben glass. Several reports have come in of research underway on the migration of Spanish-speaking persons. Two studies have been reported from Spain. Juan Testa Alavez presented a paper on "La familia del trabajador emigrante" at the III Congreso de la Familia Espafiola, held in Madrid in June, 1975. Among other things, Alavez considers education, anomies and conflic is, clandestine emigration, maladap tion, and family abandonment.

A fundamental governance challenge for federal nations is benefiting from decentralization, while addressing potential negative side effects, including vertical and horizontal imbalances. Inefficient migration due to differential net fiscal benefits in subnational units is one potential negative side effect. To avoid this type of migration, federal payments to disadvantaged subnational units, a place-based policy, are often advocated. In this article, we assess federal equalization transfer payments in Canada as an example of such a policy. Equalization is appraised in terms of its marginal influence on interprovincial migration, after accounting for the persistent relative attractiveness (unattractiveness) of provinces as migration destinations/origins. We then compare equalization to an alternative policy that directly subsidizes workers. Compared to a ''people-based'' policy of wage subsidies, our findings suggest that at the margin, these federal transfers have virtually no impact on net migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including one by Esmeralda Thornhill on the history of the legal system in Canada and another by Roger Rower on the case "Baker v. Canada" in the Supreme Court of Canada.

This article provides a more thorough analysis of the 1981 Canadian census data on religion than has heretofore been presented. The church-sect-cult model of Stark and Bainbridge as used by Nock (1987, 1989) is particularly called into question as providing an adequate explanation for religious group membership dispersal in the Canadian provinces and territories. Immigration patterns are suggested as stronger historical-cultural determinants of group membership strength than whether the group fits a particular organizational type or what the concentration patterns are of "conventional" and "unconventional" religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]