3 results
Search Results
2. Development of an effective predictive screening tool for prostate cancer using the ClarityDX machine learning platform.
- Author
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Hyndman, M. Eric, Paproski, Robert J., Kinnaird, Adam, Fairey, Adrian, Marks, Leonard, Pavlovich, Christian P., Fletcher, Sean A., Zachoval, Roman, Adamcova, Vanda, Stejskal, Jiri, Aprikian, Armen, Wallis, Christopher J. D., Pink, Desmond, Vasquez, Catalina, Beatty, Perrin H., and Lewis, John D.
- Subjects
PREDICTIVE tests ,CANADIANS ,BIOPSY ,RANDOM forest algorithms ,PROSTATE-specific antigen ,RESEARCH funding ,EARLY detection of cancer ,FISHER exact test ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,PROSTATE tumors ,CANCER patients ,MANN Whitney U Test ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MACHINE learning ,DATA analysis software ,ALGORITHMS ,MEDICAL care costs ,SENSITIVITY & specificity (Statistics) ,REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
The current prostate cancer (PCa) screen test, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), has a high sensitivity for PCa but low specificity for high-risk, clinically significant PCa (csPCa), resulting in overdiagnosis and overtreatment of non-csPCa. Early identification of csPCa while avoiding unnecessary biopsies in men with non-csPCa is challenging. We built an optimized machine learning platform (ClarityDX) and showed its utility in generating models predicting csPCa. Integrating the ClarityDX platform with blood-based biomarkers for clinically significant PCa and clinical biomarker data from a 3448-patient cohort, we developed a test to stratify patients' risk of csPCa; called ClarityDX Prostate. When predicting high risk cancer in the validation cohort, ClarityDX Prostate showed 95% sensitivity, 35% specificity, 54% positive predictive value, and 91% negative predictive value, at a ≥ 25% threshold. Using ClarityDX Prostate at this threshold could avoid up to 35% of unnecessary prostate biopsies. ClarityDX Prostate showed higher accuracy for predicting the risk of csPCa than PSA alone and the tested model-based risk calculators. Using this test as a reflex test in men with elevated PSA levels may help patients and their healthcare providers decide if a prostate biopsy is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. High peak drinking levels mediate the relation between impulsive personality and injury risk in emerging adults.
- Author
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Yunus, Fakir Md., Standage, Catherine, Walsh, Chantal, Lockhart, Peri, Thompson, Kara, Keough, Matthew, Krank, Marvin, Hadwin, Allyson, Conrod, Patricia J., and Stewart, Sherry H.
- Subjects
INJURY risk factors ,COMPLICATIONS of alcoholism ,PERSONALITY ,RISK-taking behavior ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,IMPULSIVE personality ,CROSS-sectional method ,RISK assessment ,UNDERGRADUATES ,SURVEYS ,RESEARCH funding ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,FACTOR analysis ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,DATA analysis software ,ODDS ratio ,ADULTS - Abstract
Background: Alcohol-induced injury is one of the leading causes of preventable morbidity and mortality. We investigated the relationship between impulsive personality and physical injury (e.g. falls, sports), and whether peak drinking quantity specifically, and/or risky behaviour more generally, mediates the relationship between impulsivity and injury in undergraduates. Method: We used data from the winter 2021 UniVenture survey with 1316 first- and second-year undergraduate students aged 18–25 years (79.5% female) from five Canadian Universities. Students completed an online survey regarding their demographics, personality, alcohol use, risky behaviours, and injury experiences. Impulsivity was measured with the substance use risk profile scale, past 30-day peak alcohol use with the quantity-frequency-peak Alcohol Use Index, general risky behaviour with the risky behaviour questionnaire, and past 6-month injury experience with the World Health Organization's (2017) injury measurement questionnaire. Results: Of 1316 total participants, 12.9% (n = 170) reported having sustained a physical injury in the past 6 months. Mean impulsivity, peak drinking quantity, and risky behaviour scores were significantly higher among those who reported vs. did not report injury. Impulsivity and peak drinking quantity, but not general risky behaviour, predicted injury in a multi-level generalized mixed model. Mediation analyses supported impulsivity as both a direct predictor of physical injury and an indirect predictor through increased peak drinking (both p <.05), but not through general risky behaviour. Conclusion: Results imply emerging adults with impulsive tendencies should be identified for selective injury prevention programs and suggest targeting their heavy drinking to decrease their risk for physical injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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