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Focuses on the importance of paper as a medium for disseminating art and literary information during the nineteenth century. Aesthetic value of paper; Contribution of the Egyptian digraphic stone culture in developing papyrus to paper; Impression of Walter Benjamin on the image of paper; Role of electricity in the analysis of value in aesthetics.

Presents an analysis of Charles Dickens's novel `The Pickwick Papers.' Association with the celebration of the family; Connecting bachelors and family; Disintegration that threatens to overwhelm the family; Associating a woman's inadequacy with men's problem.

The article presents a literary critique of the 19th-century novel "The Pickwick Papers," by Charles Dickens, focusing on its engagement with themes of gender relations and the thematic conflation of carnivorous desire and masculine sexuality. The author notes common criticism leveled against Dickens for his unsatisfactory depiction of women, the portrayal of masculinity through the eating of meat in the narrative, and Dickens' satire of 19th-century sexual politics.

Many commentators have opined as to the relative success or failure of Prime Minister Koizumi Junichiro's efforts to enact reform during his first term. This article analyzes the empirical evidence using a simple framework for assessment. The principal questions it asks are: What, if anything, has he accomplished thus far, and how will history remember his legacy? Following a summary of the circumstances that led to Koizumi's ascendancy and the political and economic conditions under which he governs, the article analyzes the results achieved in the prime minister's top three priority areas: banks, government spending, and regulatory reform. Despite the incremental progress achieved by Koizumi in the face of intense political opposition--most particularly from his own party--the article concludes that his current pace of reform is not likely to result in significant reform by the end of his second term as his party's president. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A personal narrative is presented in which a college professor discusses his method for grading papers in which he meets with students individually to review and discuss their work.

Gerard Salton is often credited with developing the vector space model (VSM)for information retrieval (IR). Citations to Salton give the impression that the VSM must have been articulated as an IR model sometime between 1970 and 1975. However, the VSM as it is understood today evolved over a longer time period than is usually acknowledged, and an articulation of the model and its assumptions did not appear in print until several years after those assumptions had been criticized and alternative models proposed. An often cited overview paper titled "A Vector Space Model for Information Retrieval" (alleged to have been published in 1975) does not exist, and citations to it represent a confusion of two 1975 articles, neither of which were overviews of the VSM as a model of information retrieval. Until the late 1970s, Salton did not present vector spaces as models of IR generally but rather as models of specific computations. Citations to the phantom paper reflect an apparently widely held misconception that the operational features and explanatory devices now associated with the VSM must have been introduced at the same time it was first proposed as an IR model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THE PAPER STARTS OUT by reviewing the so-called "library crisis" and the extensive literature on the determinants of journal prices. It discusses the impact of the recent merger activity among journal publishers and notes, among the possible remedies that have been suggested, the possibility that electronic publications may slow down the increase in journal prices. It next discusses the "productivity puzzle," i.e., the question of why the substantial improvements in computer technology may not have been translated into productivity increases at a faster rate. While the longer-term impact on productivity is not as unfavorable as initial approaches may have suggested, the paper argues that the cost savings in producing electronic rather than paper journals tend to be overestimated, particularly because the costs of archiving are not adequately dealt with in many approaches to this problem. While much attention has been devoted to how electronic approaches can affect the costs of producing journals, relatively few people have dealt with the even more important question of how these approaches affect productivity in teaching, learning, and research. The final substantive section of the paper deals with pricing and related issues, with particular attention to price discrimination and the bundling of journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on "Federalist" papers and constituent power. It mentions that in "Federalist" No. 40, James Madison posed a question whether the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 had been lawfully authorized to frame and propose the new Federal Constitution of the United States. It also states that Madison wrote "Federalist" No. 40 as a response to widespread and persuasive Anti-Federalist claims that the Philadelphia Convention had outperformed the mandate granted to it by the Annapolis Convention of 1786 and the Congressional Act of 1787.

Discusses the use of paper-cored, steel-tired composite wheels on railroad cars from the 1870s to the 1890s, an idea developed by Richard Allen and championed by George Pullman. Introduction of the papermaking machine in the United States in the early 1800s; How Allen developed the wheel; Production of paper car wheels; How Pullman helped ensure the success of the wheel; Impact of a strike by railroad factory workers; More.

The paper traces the development of Russell's thinking about relations in 1898. Central to the story is what Russell called "the contradiction of relativity" which he thought to be endemic in the mathematical sciences. Through most of the year he tried to deal with it within the constraints of the neo-Hegelian doctrine of internal relations until, towards the end of the year, he abandoned the doctrine and with it neo-Hegelianism. Most importantly, he came to see that the contradiction of relativity showed that it was impossible to treat transitive, asymmetrical relations as internal. The paper also throws new light on Russell's earliest debts to G. E. Moore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Praises the work done by Ward W. Briggs Jr and the American Philological Association on `The Selected Classical Papers of Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve'. Gildersleeve's influence on the teaching of the classics in America; Introduction of philological research; Annual Gildersleeve Prize awarded to the best article printed in the American Journal of Philology.

An essay is presented on the poem "Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat, Drowned in a Tub of Gold Fishes," by Thomas Gray, and a china tub owned by intellectual Horace Walpole. It comments on Walpole's home, Strawberry Hill, in Twickenham, London, England. The author examines Walpole's collecting and his Glass Closet, a section in his library. She also considers the book "Designs by Mr. R. Bentley, for Six Poems by Mr. T. Gray," by artist Richard Bentley.

The article reports on the indigenous oral life narratives. It states that a core in collaborative indigenous life writing is how spoken words are written. Equally important are the efforts to present Indigenous narratives in a visual form that will facilitate their re-speaking. According to the author, collaborative life writing, bringing spoken word to written page and setting Indigenous lives and narratives on the line, carries story forward, the same story transformed, yet working, and shaping lives in every new telling.

The article presents a list of books about scholarly works of theater criticism, history and theory. The books include "Margaret Webster: A Life in the Theater," by Milly S. Barranger, "Susan Glaspell: Her Life and Times," by Linda Ben-Zvi, "Peter Brook: A Biography," by Michael Kustow, "Hamlet: A Reader's Guide to Essential Criticism," by Huw Griffiths and "The Tennessee Williams Encyclopedia," by Philip Kolin.

Focuses on the use of printed bank notes as currency for the purpose of validating the industrial wealth in Great Britain during the nineteenth century. Qualities of a the image printed on a bank note; Events that focused attention on paper currency in early-nineteenth century Britain; Problems concerning the use of paper currency; Features of a bank note.

Examines the historical placement of the Wong family narrative in SKY Lee's novel 'Disappearing Moon Cafe.' Flaws in narratives underlying the ideologies of racial purity in Chinese and white communities; Parallels between the demands for racial purity within the Chinese community and those encapsulated in the Janet Smith Bill; Use of historical intertexts such as the Chinese Exclusion Act and the Janet Smith Bill.

Explores the maintenance goals and practices at 18th-century paper mills in Europe. Survey of paper manufacture; Influence of technologies; Pervasive operate-to-failure style; Regular minor repairs; Postponed major renovations; Rational choices in market context; Weakness of mills; Annual maintenance spending; Estimated lifespan of the equipment of a paper mill.

The article presents a list of books on theater. The books include "Eugene O'Neill's Last Plays: Separating Art from Autobiography," by Doris Alexander, "Lucille Lortel: The Queen of Off Broadway," by Alexis Greene, "Childsplay: The Art of Alan Kaprow," by Jeff Kelley, "Peter Brook: A Biography," by Michael Kustow, and "Andrew Lloyd Webber," by John Snelson.

Reviews literature from several bodies of research and attempts to bring them together in a projected folklore of information systems. Importance of studying folklore of information work environments in the context of the shift toward removing work from any particular place via information systems; Discussion on the folklore of work space.

Reviews the history of praxis itself in the development of cultural studies. Proposals for conferences devoted to the development of practical skills and methods; Cultural studies as both interdisciplinary and anti-disciplinary.

Provides information on the process used to converted the World Book Encyclopedia from print version to electronic form. Year the encyclopedia reached its present count of twenty-two volumes; Listing of articles that were first converted to digital from the encyclopedia.

The article discusses the ways in which the "Girl's Own Paper" ("GOP'), a 19th- and 20th-century British periodical for young women and girls, presented information pertaining to female employment. Focus is given to the editorship of "GOP" editor Charles Peters. It is noted that the magazine supported the employment of middle-class girls in traditional feminine roles. The journal's ambivalence about female employment is explained, as the "GOP" largely supported female domesticity. Emphasis is given to stories concerning the dangers of both middle-class and working-class female employment published within the periodical.