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Despite many nano-based strategies devoted to delivering cisplatin for tumor therapy, its clinical benefits are compromised by poor tissue penetration and limited DNA adducts formation of the drug. Herein, a cisplatin loading nanomotor based janus structured Ag-polymer is developed for cisplatin delivery of deeper tissue and increased DNA adducts formation. The nanomotor displayed a self‐propelled tumor penetration fueled by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in tumor tissues, which is catalytically decomposed into a large amount of oxygen bubbles by Ag nanoparticles (NPs). Notably, cisplatin could elevate the intracellular H2O2 level through cascade reactions, further promote the degradation of Ag NPs accompanied with the Ag+ release, which could downregulate intracellular Cl− through the formation of AgCl precipitate, thereby enhancing cisplatin dechlorination and Pt–DNA formation. Moreover, polymer can also inhibit the activity of ALKBH2 (a Fe2+-dependent DNA repair enzyme) by chelating intracellular Fe2+ to increase the proportion of irreparable Pt–DNA cross-links. It is found that deep tissue penetration, as well as the increased formation and maintenance of Pt–DNA adducts induced by the nanomotor afford 80% of tumor growth inhibition with negligible toxicity. This work provides an important perspective of resolving chemotherapeutic barriers for boosting cisplatin therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the promise of tumor starvation therapies, they are often associated with nonspecific and incomplete energy blockade. Here, a novel paradigm of starvation therapy is proposed to synergize the "Zn2+ interference"‐mediated glycolysis inhibition and Zn2+‐activating GLUT1 (Glucose transporter 1) tumor specific depletion for systematic energy exhaustion. It is discovered that ZIF‐8 (zinc imidazolate metal–organic frameworks) can induce abrupt intracellular Zn2+ elevation preferentially in melanoma cells, and then achieve effective glycolysis blockade through "Zn2+ interference"‐triggered decrease of NAD+ and inactivation of GAPDH, making it a powerful tumor energy nanoinhibitor. Meanwhile, Zn2+‐activating DNAzymes for specifically cleaving GLUT1 mRNA is designed. This DNAzyme can only be activated under intracellular Zn2+ overloading, and then directionally cut off glucose supply, which further restrains the adaptive up‐regulation of glycolytic flux after glycolysis inhibition in tumors. Afterward, DNAzymes are loaded in ZIF‐8 concurrently tethered by hyaluronic acid (HA), constructing a "nanoenabled energy interrupter ". Such a rational design presents a preferential accumulation tendency to tumor sites due to the active CD44‐targeting mechanisms, specifically achieves remarkable systematic energy exhaustion in melanoma cells, and affords 80.8% in tumor growth suppression without systemic toxicity in vivo. This work verifies a fascinating therapeutic platform enabling ion interference‐inductive starvation strategy for effective tumor therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mining industry production is an important pillar industry in China, while its extensive production activities have led to several ecological and environmental problems. Earth observation technology using high-resolution satellite imagery can help us efficiently obtain information on surface elements, surveying and monitoring various land occupation issues arising from open-pit mining production activities. Conventional pixel-based interpretation methods for high-resolution remote sensing images are restricted by "salt and pepper" noise caused by environmental factors, making it difficult to meet increasing requirements for monitoring accuracy. With the Jingxiang phosphorus mining area in Jingmen Hubei Province as the studied area, this paper uses a multi-scale segmentation algorithm to extract large-scale main characteristic information using a layered mask method based on the hierarchical structure of the image object. The remaining characteristic elements were classified and extracted in combination with the random forest model and characteristic factors to obtain land occupation information related mining industry production, which was compared with the results of the Classification and Regression Tree model. 23 characteristic factors in three aspects were selected, including spectral, geometric and texture characteristics. The methods employed in this study achieved 86% and 0.78 respectively in overall extraction accuracy analysis and the Kappa coefficient analysis, compared to 79% and 0.68 using the conventional method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the eye-in-hand visual trajectory tracking control problem of wheeled mobile robots (WMRs) is considered. Different from the conventional vision-based approaches, the monocular camera is not required to be mounted at the center of WMR, and thus the derived visual model is subject to not only the nonholonomic constraint but also the unknown camera extrinsic parameters. To ensure the WMR can track a desired trajectory effectively, a combined observation/control strategy is proposed. First, a concurrent learning observer is designed to identify the camera extrinsic parameters with measurable visual signals. Then, with the aid of the estimated parameters, a nonlinear controller is presented to achieve the tracking task. The closed-loop system stability is analyzed with Lyapunov methods, showing that both the estimation and tracking errors are asymptotically convergent to zero. Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the developed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces four rock–soil characteristics factors, that is, Lithology, Rock Structure, Rock Infiltration, and Rock Weathering, which based on the properties of rock formations, to predict Landslide Susceptibility Mapping (LSM) in Three Gorges Reservoir Area from Zigui to Badong. Logistic regression, artificial neural network, support vector machine is used in LSM modeling. The study consists of three main steps. In the first step, these four factors are combined with the 11 basic factors to form different factor combinations. The second step randomly selects training (70% of the total) and validation (30%) datasets out of grid cells corresponding to landslide and non-landslide locations in the study area. The final step constructs the LSM models to obtain different landslide susceptibility index maps and landslide susceptibility zoning maps. The specific category precision, receiver operating characteristic curve, and 5 other statistical evaluation methods are used for quantitative evaluations. The evaluation results show that, in most cases, the result based on Rock Structure are better than the result obtained by traditional method based on Lithology, have the best performance. To further study the influence of rock–soil characteristic factors on the LSM, these four factors are divided into "Intrinsic attribute factors" and "External participation factors" in accordance with the participation of external factors, to generate the LSMs. The evaluation results show that the result based on Intrinsic attribute factors are better than the result based on External participation factors, indicating the significance of Intrinsic attribute factors in LSM. The method proposed in this study can effectively improve the scientificity, accuracy, and validity of LSM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a trifocal tensor-based approach for six-degree-of-freedom visual servoing. The trifocal tensor model among the current, desired, and reference views is constructed to describe the geometric relationship of the system. More precisely, to ensure the computation consistency of trifocal tensor, a virtual reference view is introduced by exploiting the transfer relationships between the initial and desired images. Instead of resorting to explicit estimation of the camera pose, a set of visual features with satisfactory decoupling properties are constructed from the tensor elements. Based on the selected features, a visual controller is developed to regulate the camera to a desired pose, and an adaptive update law is used to compensate for the unknown distance scale factor. Furthermore, the system stability is analyzed via Lyapunov-based techniques, showing that the proposed controller can achieve almost global asymptotic stability. Both simulation and experimental results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our approach under different conditions and case studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B Tumor Starvation Therapy b In article number 2103534 by Zhenzhong Zhang, Junjie Liu, Jinjin Shi, and co-workers, a "nano-enabled energy interrupter"-initiated novel paradigm of tumor starvation therapy is proposed. Nano-enabled Tumor Systematic Energy Exhaustion via Zinc (II) Interference Mediated Glycolysis Inhibition and Specific GLUT1 Depletion (Adv. Sci. 7/2022) The energy interrupter shows a preferential tumor systemic energy exhaustion without obvious side effects by synergizing the "Zn SP 2+ sp interference"-mediated glycolysis inhibition and Zn SP 2+ sp -activating GLUT1 (glucose transporter 1) tumor specific depletion. [Extracted from the article]

Precise and efficient regulation of microglia is vital for ischemic stroke therapy and prognosis. The infiltration of neutrophils into the brain provides opportunities for regulatory drugs across the blood–brain barrier, while hindered by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and targeted delivery of intracerebral drugs to microglia. This study reports an efficient neutrophil hijacking nanoplatform (referred to as APTS) for targeted A151 (a telomerase repeat sequence) delivery to microglia without the generation of NETs. In the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse model, the delivery efficiency to ischemic stroke tissues increases by fourfold. APTS dramatically reduces the formation of NETs by 2.2‐fold via reprogramming NETosis to apoptosis in neutrophils via a reactive oxygen species scavenging‐mediated citrullinated histone 3 inhibition pathway. Noteworthy, A151 within neutrophils is repackaged into apoptotic bodies following the death pattern reprogramming, which, when engulfed by microglia, polarizes microglia to an anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype. After four times treatment, the cerebral infarction area in the APTS group decreases by 5.1‐fold. Thus, APTS provides a feasible, efficient, and practical drug delivery approach for reshaping the immune microenvironment and treating brain disorders in the central nervous system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) are the most common type variation of sequence alterations at a specific location in the genome, thus involving significant clinical and biological information. The assay of SNVs has engaged great awareness, because many genome-wide association studies demonstrated that SNVs are highly associated with serious human diseases. Moreover, the investigation of SNV expression levels in single cells are capable of visualizing genetic information and revealing the complexity and heterogeneity of single-nucleotide mutation-related diseases. Thus, developing SNV assay approaches in vitro , particularly in single cells, is becoming increasingly in demand. In this review, we summarized recent progress in the enzyme-free and enzyme-mediated strategies enabling SNV assay transition from sensing interface to the test tube and single cells, which will potentially delve deeper into the knowledge of SNV functions and disease associations, as well as discovering new pathways to diagnose and treat diseases based on individual genetic profiles. The leap of SNV assay achievements will motivate observation and measurement genetic variations in single cells, even within living organisms, delve into the knowledge of SNV functions and disease associations, as well as open up entirely new avenues in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases based on individual genetic profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins, encoding dioxygenase for DNA hydroxymethylation, are important players in nervous system development and disease. In addition to their proverbial enzymatic role, TET proteins also possess non-enzymatic activity and function in multiple protein–protein interaction networks, which remains largely unknown during oligodendrocyte differentiation. To identify partners of TET1 in the myelinating cells, we performed proteome-wide analysis using co-immunoprecipitation coupled to mass spectrometry (IP-MS) in purified oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and mature oligodendrocytes (mOLs), respectively. Following a stringent selection of MS data based on identification reliability and protein enrichment, we identified a core set of 1211 partners that specifically interact with TET1 within OPCs and OLs. Analysis of the biological process and pathways associated with TET1-interacting proteins indicates a significant enrichment of proteins involved in regulation of cellular protein localization, cofactor metabolic process and regulation of catabolic process, et al. We further validated TET1 interactions with selected partners. Overall, this comprehensive analysis of the endogenous TET1 interactome during oligodendrocyte differentiation suggest its novel mechanism in regulating oligodendrocyte homeostasis and provide comprehensive insight into the molecular pathways associated with TET1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• WMPAE inhibited the growth of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. • WMPAE decreased the cell viability promptly, induced cell shape and caused the intracellular structural damage. • WMPAE increased the activities of intracellular antioxidant enzymes, caused lipid peroxidation. • WMPAE exerted detrimental effects on photosynthetic efficiency. • Our results presented multiple physiological responses of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae to WMPAE. Natural algaecides are more likely to be specific and biodegradable, and may offer an environmentally friendly method for control of cyanobacterial blooms. We explored, for the first time, the potential for watermelon peel aqueous extract (WMPAE) to control the growth of the harmful blue-green alga Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. The growth inhibition and several physiological parameters of A. flos-aquae , in response to WMPAE, were analyzed. Results showed that WMPAE significantly inhibited the growth of A. flos-aquae in a concentration-dependent way. The highest inhibition reached 94 % after 3 days' treatment with 6 g L−1 of WMPAE and a significant effect was obtained with lower doses and shorter times as well. The cell viability decreased quickly, cell shape changed, and intracellular structural damage occurred. At the same time, the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase SOD, catalase CAT and peroxidase POD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels all increased significantly, indicating that WMPAE between 2–6 g L−1 induced severe oxidative stress and damage to A. flos-aquae. Moreover, production of the four pigments chlorophyll a (Chl a), carotenoids, phycocyanin (PC), and allophycocyanin (APC) were all stimulated, though photosynthesis of A. flos-aquae was clearly inhibited. The maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (F v / F m) and the effective quantum yield of photosystem II ( F v ' / F m ') declined sharply, suggesting the decreased photosystem capacity of A. flos-aquae to convert light energy into chemical energy. In addition, non-photochemical quenching (N P Q) of A. flos-aquae increased after a very short time exposure to WMPAE, and decreased significantly with prolonged exposure time, which indicated the failure of photo protection mechanisms. These results suggest that the loss of cell viability, and increases in oxidative stress, and damage to intracellular structure and photosynthetic systems might be the mechanisms for the inhibitory effects. Our results suggested that WMPAE could be a novel and effective approach for controlling the growth of A. flos-aquae in aquatic environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Type I (electron transfer) PDT of C60 is significantly enhanced by gold nanoparticles. • C60@GNPs can be excited under near-infrared light, which has a high tissue penetration. • C60@GNPs with near-infrared light irradiation can obtain oxygen non-dependent of PDT. Recently, fullerene (C60) has been widely used as a nano photosensitizer (PS) for tumor related photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, current PDT based on C60 is severely restricted by the visible light source (shallow tissue penetrating depth) and oxygen dependent (tumor hypoxia). Therefore, taking advantages of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and "electronic sponge" property of C60, a C60 based hybrid nanostructured photosensitizer (C60@GNPs) with high light stability, near infrared light (NIR) excitation, and oxygen non-dependent properties was rational designed according to the mechanism of PDT. Compared with C60, after GNPs in-situ synthesis, the PDT mechanism of C60@GNPs changed from type II to type I, and the main product of PDT changed from singlet oxygen to hydroxyl radicals. Furthermore, C60@GNPs hybrid could efficiently generate hydroxyl radicals under NIR light excitation even in the hypoxia condition. These results suggest that C60@GNPs hybrid has a great potential for in vivo PDT applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Mesoporous MnO2 nanoparticle was employed as the carrier and quencher of photosensitizer. • Tumor marker MUC-1 activated ROS generation system was constructed based on the gatekeeper effect of aptamer. • MCF-7 was killed selectively via the tumor cell activated photodynamic therapy. Herein, we report a turn-on strategy for selectively killing the tumor cell via combining the singlet-oxygen quenching MnO 2 and tumor cell-targeting aptamer. The photosensitizers were in the quenching state when loaded in the mesoporous MnO 2 (mMnO 2) nanoparticles and sealed by the aptamer on the particle surface. The aptamer can selectively recognize the specific membrane protein on the tumor cell and release the photosensitizers, activating the photosensitizer and killing the tumor cells. The specific binding-induced "off-on" switching of singlet oxygen generation reduced the damage to the nearby healthy cells to a large extent. The high loading ability for photosensitizer and the GSH consumption property of mMnO 2 endow the system with high local concentration of singlet-oxygen for killing the target tumor cell. The high selectivity and efficiency of the constructed singlet oxygen regulating system will pave a new way for utilizing PDT in cancer precise treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liver fibrosis is a progressive histological manifestation that happens in almost all chronic liver diseases. An unabated liver fibrosis may eventually develop into liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Yet, the strategy for reversal of liver fibrosis is still limited. Herein, a biomimetic nano‐regulator (P‐ZIF8‐cirDNAzyme) is developed to affect both collagen synthesis and degradation in liver to remodel collagen microenvironment. It is found that Zn (II) interference can efficiently inhibit collagen synthesis in activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSC) by inactivating proline 4 hydroxylase and affecting many fibrosis‐related signaling pathways. Meanwhile, Zn (II)‐dependent circular DNAzymes (cirDNAzymes) are used to efficiently silence tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase‐1, accelerating the degradation of collagen. They act in concert to recover the balance between collagen deposition and degradation. Additionally, ZIF‐8‐cirDNAzyme is coated by platelet membrane (PM) for precisely targeting aHSC via PM's inflammatory tropism and CD62p–CD44 interaction. In carbon tetrachloride‐induced fibrotic mice, P‐ZIF‐8‐cirDNAzyme shows a potent anti‐fibrotic effect, greatly reducing the expression of collagen by 73.12% and restoring liver function nearly to normal. This work proposes a prospective platform enabling ion interference and gene silencing, collectively acting in aHSC for reversal of liver fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a road reconstruction algorithm based on two-view geometry. A general geometric model for both planar and nonplanar scenes is proposed with respect to a reference plane. Then, points in the scene can be described geometrically by the projective parallax with respect to the reference plane. In practice, the grounding plane of the vehicle is selected as the reference plane. A row-wise image registration method is proposed to estimate the parallax information effectively. Based on the geometric model, points in the scene can be reconstructed as relative position and height information with respect to the reference plane. For road detection, the scene can be segmented where the height changes abruptly. Then, the road region is obtained by a diffusion strategy. The road surface can be reconstructed using the proposed model. Experiments are conducted to show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach. The proposed approach is general in the sense that it does not rely on the priors of road appearance and structure, and it is not restricted to specific stereo camera configurations making it extendable to other multicamera systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During tunnel boring machine (TBM) construction, the rock breaking effect of the disc cutter in complex formations affects the progress and cost of the entire project. Therefore, it is necessary to better understand the rock breaking mechanism of TBM in complex formations. In this study, matrix discrete element method (MatDEM) software is used to study the rock breaking mechanism of the disc cutter at the interface of soil and rock. Based on the theoretical study and analysis of rock breaking process of the disc cutter in the soil-rock composite formations, the three-dimensional dynamic rock breaking process of the disc cutter in soil-rock formations with different rock dip angles (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°) is simulated by using MatDEM, and the simulation results are analyzed from three aspects: the unit force, the fracture number of unit connection, and the system energy. The main conclusions are as follows: when the disc cutter is used to roll and break the rock at the soil-rock interface of composite formations, the unit force and the fracture number of unit connection are positively related to the contact area S of the rock and blade at the front edge of the disc cutter. The energy to break the rock by the disc cutter is mainly affected by the broken rock volume per unit time Vdt. The greater the Vdt is, the more energy the disc cutter needs to break the rock is. The total force P is affected by the contact area S (β, t). The change of the maximum total force is small when β = 15°, 30°, and 45°, and is obviously lower at 60° and 75°, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The power industry in China is the foremost emitter of carbon, necessitating a clean transition in its power generation segment for successful decarbonization. Identifying and quantitative analysis the critical factors that shape the transition and their operational mechanisms will help achieve a secure low-carbon transformation of the energy system. Nonetheless, the body of extensive research in this particular field remains notably limited. To bridge this gap, this paper initiates by developing a comprehensive mechanism framework (REEP) for the transition towards cleaner power generation including Resource endowment (abbreviated as R), Electricity market (abbreviated as E), Economic development (abbreviated as E) and Policy implementation (abbreviated as P) four fields. This framework is based on monthly power generation data derived from four categories of power generation sources at the provincial level in China, spanning the years 2014–2019. It dynamically and quantitative elucidates the multifaceted impacts of various influencing factors on the evolution of the power generation structure. Based on the REEP framework, we observe the power generation structure evolution trends. The study's findings underscore the significance of resource endowment as a paramount internal factor influencing the clean evolution of the power generation structure, while economic development emerges as a pivotal external driving force propelling its transformation. Despite wind and solar power generation accounting for a relatively small proportion at the end of the 14th Five Year Plan period, it is imperative for China to continue promoting the extensive development of renewable energy. While we should coordinate national power transmission and distribution on the foundation of incentivizing technological innovation in emission reduction and the development of energy storage technology. This approach is essential to comprehensively advance the low-carbon and stable development of the energy system, ultimately facilitating the realization of the dual-carbon goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Retraction Note: Copper-based metal–organic framework impedes triple-negative breast cancer metastasis via local estrogen deprivation and platelets blockade" has been retracted by the Editors-in-Chief of the Journal of Nanobiotechnology. The authors discovered errors in several figures, and further checks by the publisher revealed inconsistencies in the presented data. The Editors-in-Chief no longer have confidence in the data and the authors have agreed to the retraction. Springer Nature, the publisher, remains neutral in regards to jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are mainstays of cancer treatment. However, their clinical benefits are often constrained by acquired resistance. To overcome such outcomes, we have rationally engineered APG-2449 as a novel multikinase inhibitor that is highly potent against oncogenic alterations of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), ROS proto-oncogene 1 receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1), and focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Here we present the preclinical evaluation of APG-2449, which exhibits antiproliferative activity in cells carrying ALK fusion or secondary mutations.Methods: KINOMEscan® and LANCE TR-FRET were used to characterize targets and selectivity of APG-2449. Water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-8) viability assay and xenograft tumorigenicity were employed to evaluate therapeutic efficacy of monotherapy or drug combination in preclinical models of solid tumors. Western blot, pharmacokinetic, and flow cytometry analyses, as well as RNA sequencing were used to explore pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic correlations and the mechanism of actions driving drug combination synergy.Results: In mice bearing wild-type or ALK/ROS1-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), APG-2449 demonstrates potent antitumor activity, with correlations between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in vivo. Through FAK inhibition, APG-2449 sensitizes ovarian xenograft tumors to paclitaxel by reducing CD44+ and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1-positive (ALDH1+) cancer stem cell populations, including ovarian tumors insensitive to carboplatin. In epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated NSCLC xenograft models, APG-2449 enhances EGFR TKI-induced tumor growth inhibition, while the ternary combination of APG-2449 with EGFR (osimertinib) and mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK; trametinib) inhibitors overcomes osimertinib resistance. Mechanistically, phosphorylation of ALK, ROS1, and FAK, as well as their downstream components, is effectively inhibited by APG-2449.Conclusions: Taken together, our studies demonstrate that APG-2449 exerts potent and durable antitumor activity in human NSCLC and ovarian tumor models when administered alone or in combination with other therapies. A phase 1 clinical trial has been initiated to evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of APG-2449 in patients with advanced solid tumors, including ALK+ NSCLC refractory to earlier-generation ALK inhibitors.Trial Registration: Clinicaltrial.gov registration: NCT03917043 (date of first registration, 16/04/2019) and Chinese clinical trial registration: CTR20190468 (date of first registration, 09/04/2019). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metastasis is one of the main causes of failure in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Abnormally estrogen level and activated platelets are the key driving forces for TNBC metastasis. Herein, an "ion/gas" bioactive nanogenerator (termed as IGBN), comprising a copper-based MOF and loaded cisplatin-arginine (Pt-Arg) prodrug is developed for metastasis-promoting tumor microenvironment reprogramming and TNBC therapy. The copper-based MOF not only serves as a drug carrier, but also specifically produces Cu2+ in tumors, which catalytic oxidizing estrogen to reduce estrogen levels in situ. Meanwhile, the rationally designed Pt-Arg prodrug reduced into cisplatin to significantly promote the generation of H2O2 in the tumor, then permitting self-augmented cascade NO gas generation by oxidizing Arg through a H2O2 self-supplied way, thus blocking platelet activation in tumor. We clarified that IGBN inhibited TNBC metastasis through local estrogen deprivation and platelets blockade, affording 88.4% inhibition of pulmonary metastasis in a 4T1 mammary adenocarcinoma model. Notably, the locally copper ion interference, NO gas therapy and cisplatin chemotherapy together resulted in an enhanced therapeutic efficacy in primary tumor ablation without significant toxicity. This "ion/gas" bioactive nanogenerator offers a robust and safe strategy for TNBC therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a 2-point algorithm is proposed to estimate the relative pose as well as the absolute scale between two vehicle-mounted cameras efficiently. The system model is deduced by combining a two-view geometric model and the planar motion constraint to reduce the degrees of freedom. 2-point correspondences are utilized to calculate the rotation information independently from the translation information, which indicates that the proposed algorithm can deal with pure rotation scenes. Besides, provided that the camera’s configuration satisfies a certain condition, the absolute scale can be recovered. An approximation algorithm is developed and combined with the random sample and consensus scheme to deal with the uneven ground surfaces in practice. As only 2-point correspondences are required, less iterations are demanded in the estimating procedure compared with many other existing related algorithms. Both simulation and experiments are implemented to evaluate the proposed algorithm, in which the synthetic data, virtual robot experimentation platform, KITTI Vision Benchmark, and SUMMIT-XL platform are acquired. According to the results, the proposed algorithm performs better than many related algorithms including the well-known 5-point algorithm in many cases, especially when the camera’s trajectory contains sharp corners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensemble learning methods can be used to evaluate landslide susceptibility when combined with remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS). In this study, the rotation forest (ROF) and random forest (RF) ensemble learning models were applied to evaluate landslide susceptibility. The experiments selected the factors by analysing the linear relationship between the factors, explored the optimal proportions of non-landslide samples and landslide samples based on an unbalanced sample dataset, and used the factors before and after the selection to generate landslide susceptibility maps (LSMs) in the Zigui-Badong area. The results show that a suitable ratio between the sample types in the training set can achieve good results for both sensitivity and specificity. The RF models of the study area with 21 factors and 16 factors had sensitivities of 94.22% and 93.59%, respectively. The ROF models with 21 factors and 16 factors had sensitivities of 90.63% and 88.84%, respectively. Although both the RF and ROF models exhibited high accuracy, the RF model achieved a more reasonable and accurate LSM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracellular vesicles (EV) have attracted increasing attention as tumour biomarkers due to their unique biological property. However, conventional methods for EV analysis are mainly based on bulk measurements, which masks the EV‐to‐EV heterogeneity in tumour diagnosis and classification. Herein, a localized fluorescent imaging method (termed Digital Profiling of Proteins on Individual EV, DPPIE) was developed for analysis of multiple proteins on individual EV. In this assay, an anti‐CD9 antibody engineered biochip was used to capture EV from clinical plasma sample. Then the captured EV was specifically recognized by multiple DNA aptamers (CD63/EpCAM/MUC1), followed by rolling circle amplification to generate localized fluorescent signals. By‐analyzing the heterogeneity of individual EV, we found that the high‐dimensional data collected from each individual EV would provide more precise information than bulk measurement (ELISA) and the percent of CD63/EpCAM/MUC1‐triple‐positive EV in breast cancer patients was significantly higher than that of healthy donors, and this method can achieve an overall accuracy of 91%. Moreover, using DPPIE, we are able to distinguish the EV between lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous carcinoma patients. This individual EV heterogeneity analysis strategy provides a new way for digging more information on EV to achieve multi‐cancer diagnosis and classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracellular vesicles (EV) have attracted increasing attention as tumour biomarkers due to their unique biological property. However, conventional methods for EV analysis are mainly based on bulk measurements, which masks the EV‐to‐EV heterogeneity in tumour diagnosis and classification. Herein, a localized fluorescent imaging method (termed Digital Profiling of Proteins on Individual EV, DPPIE) was developed for analysis of multiple proteins on individual EV. In this assay, an anti‐CD9 antibody engineered biochip was used to capture EV from clinical plasma sample. Then the captured EV was specifically recognized by multiple DNA aptamers (CD63/EpCAM/MUC1), followed by rolling circle amplification to generate localized fluorescent signals. By‐analyzing the heterogeneity of individual EV, we found that the high‐dimensional data collected from each individual EV would provide more precise information than bulk measurement (ELISA) and the percent of CD63/EpCAM/MUC1‐triple‐positive EV in breast cancer patients was significantly higher than that of healthy donors, and this method can achieve an overall accuracy of 91%. Moreover, using DPPIE, we are able to distinguish the EV between lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous carcinoma patients. This individual EV heterogeneity analysis strategy provides a new way for digging more information on EV to achieve multi‐cancer diagnosis and classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial genotyping is important for understanding the complex microbiota. Although fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has enabled bacterial community identification with high spatial resolution, its unavoidable cell fixation steps and signal generation by multi-probe stacking greatly limit its application in living bacterial genotyping. Here, we designed polyethyleneimine-encapsulated CRISPR/Cas12a-circular reporter nanoprobes (CasCLR) for rapid and sensitive visualization of gene information in living bacteria. We found that, nanoprobe-based sequential delivery of Cas12a/crRNA and circular reporter into bacteria allowed single genomic loci to initiate trans-cleavage activity of Cas12a, thereby cleaving CLR to generate amplified fluorescent signals for imaging of target gene. Using CasCLR, we can sensitively analyze the percentage of target bacteria in co-culture experiments and directly detect pathogenic bacteria in uncultured mouse gut microbe. In addition, CasCLR has the ability to sensitively analyze specific genotype of microbial communities in vivo. This nanobiotechnology-based bacterial gene analysis is expected to advance understanding of in vivo bacterial cytogenetic information. CasCLR is designed for directly visualizing gene information in living bacteria. By sequential delivered into living bacteria, CasCLR allow specific single copy gene loci to initiate trans-cleavage activity of Cas12a, thereby cleaving CLR to generate robust fluorescent signal with high signal to noise ratio. CasCLR can be used to identify genotypes of various bacteria to sensitively analyze pathogenic bacteria in complex samples and demonstrating excellent in vivo bacterial genotyping capabilities. [Display omitted] • The designed nanoprobe can efficiently deliver CRISPR detection system into living bacteria. • Rapidly sense low-copy genomic loci in living bacteria with high fidelity. • Circular reporter (CLR) showed improved stability in bacteria. • Sensitively analyze specific genotype of microbial communities in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Autonomous regulating the pathological microenvironment enables efficient probiotics colonization. • Improved probiotic bacteria to survive acid and bile salt attacks show 2.5-times enhanced intestinal mucosal adhesion. • The here described encapsulation method can be widely applied to a variety of bacteria. Transplanting beneficial bacteria to gut microbiome can positively modulate microbiome composition and is a promising strategy to prevent and treat diseases. However, oral probiotic delivery is challenged not only by the physiological microenvironment, but also by pathological microenvironment. Herein, we designed a S uper G ut M icroorganism (SGM) encapsulated with versatile self-assembly coating for enhanced intestinal colonization. SGM has a rapidly self-assembling coating of tannic acid and poloxamer 188 that not only resists the attack of the physiological microenvironment but more importantly, autonomously modulates the pathological microenvironment (e.g., scavenging inflammation-mediated ROS and taking iron away from pathogenic bacteria), which improves probiotic survival. In addition, the artificial coat mediates strong intestinal mucosal adhesion, enhancing the intestine colonization of probiotics especially in disease. SGM significantly improved the efficacy in the prevention and treatment of colitis in vivo. In dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis mice, SGM showed an excellent anti-inflammatory effect, capacity to restore intestinal barrier functions, and to prompt the balance of gut flora. In Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm) colitis mice, treatment with SGM resulted in 6.8-times less STm compared to uncoated probiotics. The SGM presented here are a new resource to create novel probiotic systems to treat and prevent microbiome related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Hybrid nanoparticle with H 2 O 2 self-supply and iron ion self-circulation properties dredge the hurdles of CDT. • Photothermal accelerates H 2 O 2 /Fe3+ self-supply and improve efficiency of CDT. • To be applied for enhanced CDT synergistic antitumor ion therapy. Although chemodynamic therapy (CDT) holds the advantage of tumor treatment by generating hydroxyl radicals (·OH) without the participation of O 2 , insufficient H 2 O 2 and the hindered Fe ion circulation remain major hurdles for its clinical application. Herein, we developed a hybrid nanoparticle with H 2 O 2 self-supply and iron ion self-circulation properties for enhanced CDT. Through encapsulation of CaO 2 with ZIF-8 and in situ assembled Fe3+/TA (tannic acid) on the surface, the hybrid nanoparticles (CaO 2 @ZIF8@MPN) were prepared. The Fe3+/TA coating could dissociate in response to lysosomal acidity, and release Fe3+ and TA subsequently. Significantly, the unprotected CaO 2 can be degraded to H 2 O 2 and Ca2+, providing sufficient materials for CDT and resulting in a Ca2+ "storm" for ion therapy. Meanwhile, TA could convert Fe3+ to Fe2+, realizing a self-circulation for promoting the sustained generation of ·OH. Interestingly, Fe3+/TA coating endows the nanoparticles with photothermal property, which accelerated the degradation and further improved the efficiency of Fenton reaction, obtaining 77.7% of tumor growth inhibited rate without obvious adverse effect in tumor-bearing mice. Our findings showed CaO 2 @ZIF8@MPN had potential to be applied for enhanced CDT synergistic antitumor ion therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A distance-controlled switchable MRI nanoprobe was prepared. • High Gd loading content and tumor-targeting ability. • Tumor-specific responsibility for high-resolution imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs) are a powerful tool for disease diagnosis. However, the "always on" state of clinically used CAs affects the specificity of tumor MR imaging in vivo. Herein, we constructed a tumor microenvironment "switch-on" type nanoprobe (TSN) with a distance-dominated property for specific tumor MR imaging, by employed a superparamagnetic hollow mesoporous iron oxide nanoparticle (HMIN) as the carrier to encapsulate T 1 -field CA (Gd), followed by blocking of the mesoporous channel with biocompatible hyaluronic acid (HA). In normal tissues with low-level hyaluronidase (HAase), Gd was restricted inside the HMIN, the distance between the two substances became quite close, and the magnetic field of Gd was interfered by the superparamagnetic HMIN, turning "off" the T 1 -field signal is "turned off"; in contrast, in tumor tissues with high-level HAase, Gd was rapidly released from the HMIN by specifically responding to overexpressed HAase, the distance between the two substances became significantly enlarged, and the magnetic field of Gd was not interfered, thus turning "on" the T 1 -field signal to achieve tumor-specific "switch on" MR imaging in a distance-controlled manner. The tumor/normal T 1 -field signal ratio after TSN treatment increased by 1.9-fold compared with free Gd-DTPA, because of its high Gd loading content, tumor-targeting ability of HA and the tumor-specific property. This distance-controlled switchable nanoprobe provides an alternative strategy for high-resolution tumor imaging with high specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoparticle-based CRISPR/Cas9 delivery systems hold great promise for specific and precise treatment of genetic disorder diseases. Herein, we developed a DNA nanoflower-based platform for microRNA-responsive cytosolic delivery of Cas9/sgRNA complex into tumor cells. The biocompatible DNA nano-vehicles can efficiently load Cas9/sgRNA by sequence hybridization. Importantly, this hybridization can be replaced by a tumor specific miRNA through toehold-mediated strand displacement process and achieve cell-type-specific release of Cas9/sgRNA from the DNA nanoflowers. We have verified that this miRNA-responsive releasing process can significantly improve the genome editing efficiency comparing with non-responsive control. This strategy suggests a versatile way for designing more specific and efficient CRISPR-based genome therapy system by incorporating stimuli-responsive Cas9/sgRNA release process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cancer cells always develop ways to resist and evade chemotherapy. To overcome this obstacle, herein, we introduce a programmatic release drug delivery system that imparts avoiding drug efflux and nuclear transport in synchrony via a simple nanostructured drug strategy. Results: The programmatic liposome-based nanostructured drugs (LNSD) contained two modules: doxorubicin (DOX) loaded into tetrahedral DNA (TD, ~ 10 nm) to form small nanostructured DOX, and the nanostructured DOX was encapsulated into the pH-sensitive liposomes. In the in vitro and in vivo studies, LNSD shows multiple benefits for drug resistance tumor treatment: (1) not only enhanced the cellular DOX uptake, but also maintained DOX concentration in an optimum level in resistant tumor cells via nanostructure induced anti-efflux effect; (2) small nanostructured DOX efficiently entered into cell nuclear via size depended nuclear-transport for enhanced treatment; (3) improved the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution via reducing DOX leakage during circulation. Conclusions: The system developed in this study has the potential to provide new therapies for drug-resistant tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]