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Here we aim to build up a metagenomics-centered surveillance on the infectious microbiome showing in the fever of unknown origin (FUO) patients. We collected venous blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, tissue block, sputum, bone marrow biopsy, and purulent liquid samples from 123 patients. Metagenomic sequencing (mNGS) for both DNA and RNA sequences was performed to profile the total pathogenic microbiome in the samples. A large pool of infectious or conditional infectious bacteria was found, belonging to Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcaceae (10.55%), Burkholderiaceae (10.05%), and Comamonadaceae (4.25%). The major virus families detected from mNGS analysis include Adenoviridae, Anelloviridae, Peribunyaviridae, Flaviviridae , and Herpesviridae , showing up in 34.96%, 47.37%, 30.89%, 5.69%, 3.25%, and 1.63% of patients, respectively. Using the Ward clustering method, two clusters of patients were organized: high-variety group and low-variety group. The patients in the high-variety group demonstrated higher levels of immune cells and inflammatory indicators such as lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. The patients in the low-variety group showed higher levels of inflammatory lipids such as 13,14-dihy-15-keto PGE2 (fold > 10, P  = 0.021); tetra-PGDM (fold = 5.29, P  = 0.037); and 20-HETE (fold > 10, P  = 0.02). The mNGS surveillance system demonstrated remarkable potential in preventing infectious diseases using mNGS data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PM2.5-bound metal contaminants are associated with multiple chronic diseases in human. At global level, the contamination status has not been well controlled yet. Here we report findings from a long-term air pollution surveillance in Jinan city of Shandong, China. During 2014–2022, the dynamics and trends of PM2.5-bound heavy metal contaminants were monitored in an industrial area and a downtown area. The surveillance targets included: antimony (Sb), aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se). The human exposure and health risks were calculated and we found that the health risks of most contaminants showed peak values in autumn and winter. But Al, Mn, Hg and Be were found to result in highest health risk in spring or summer in the downtown area. In the industrial area we identified 100% alarming health index >1 (ranged from 1.12 to 3.35) in autumn and winter. In winter the total non-carcinogenic HI was all above 1 (peak value 2.21). Mn and As together posed >85% non-carcinogenic risk. As and Cd were ranked as major drivers of carcinogenic risks (5.84 × 10−6 and 2.78 × 10−6). Pd and Cd both showed non-negligible environmental levels but risk assessment model for their air-exposure associated non-carcinogenic risks are not yet available. This study updates air pollution data and status for air pollution status in China. This study provides valuable 9 year long-term reference to experimental and field studies in the related fields. [Display omitted] • PM2.5-bound metals demonstrate element- and season-dependent environmental performances. • Jinan industrial area showed alarming health risk in cold seasons of 2014–2022. • Mn and As together pose >85% of total non-carcinogenic health risk associated with PM2.5-bound metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To know the species composition, life form, seasonal features and application of woody landscape plants in Jinan City; woody landscape planrs in the city were investigated comprehensively The investigation shows that there arc 535 woody landscape plant species in the city in total (including variants, subspecies and cultivars), belonging to 199 genera of 77 families. Among the 535 species, there are 49 gymnospcrm species of 16 genera, 5 families, 486 angiospcrm species of 183 genera, 72 families (including 467 dicotyledon species of 174 genera, 69 families, 19 monocotyledon species of 9 genera, 3 families). The figures reflect rich woody landscape plants in Jinan City. There are 286 tree species, accounting for 53.4% of the total species; 216 shrub species, accounting for 40.4% of the total; 33 vine species, accounting for 6.2% of the total, thus tree and shrub species are diversified, while vine species arc limited. Among all tree species, there arc 103 evergreen species, accounting for 19.25% of the total; 432 deciduous species, accounting for 80.75% of the total; so deciduous tree species occupy a prominent position. Woody plants in Jinan City are applied in diversified forms, but seldom in innovative forms. Problems in the current application of woody landscape plants in the local area arc summarized as (a) there arc diversified tree species, but only a few of them are applied in high efficiency; (b) evergreen tree species are less used; (c) indigenous tree species are insufficiently used. Therefore, suggestions are given as (i) combine landscape plants scientifically; (ii) promote indigenous tree species; (iii) introduce and domestic new species actively. The investigation results provide scientific theoretical support for the sustainable utilization of woody plant resources in Jinan City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We established long-term surveillance sites in Jinan city to monitor PM 2.5 particles (PM2.5) and PM2.5-bound PAHs (2014–2020). The range of PM2.5 was 15–230 µg/m3. The average annual ƩPAH 16 were 433 ± 271 ng/m3 (industrial area) and 299 ± 171.8 ng/m3 (downtown). PAHs captured in winter accounted for 61.5% (industrial area) and 59.1% (downtown) of total PAHs. A hazardous seasonal benzo[ a ]pyrene level was detected in 2015–2016 winter as 14.03 ng/m3 (14 folds of EU standard). The dominant PM2.5-bound PAHs were benzo[ b ]fluoranthene (24–26%), chrysene (19–20%), benzo[ g , h , i ]perylene (15%), Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (12%) and Benzo[ a ]pyrene (10%). Toxic equivalent quotients of PAHs were 4.93 ng/m3 (industrial area) and 3.13 ng/m3 (downtown). Excess cancer risks (ECRs) were 4.3 × 10−4 ng/m3 and 2.7 × 10−4 ng/m3, respectively. The ECRs exceeded EPA regulatory limit of 1 × 10−6 ng/m3 largely. Non-negligible excess lifetime cancer risks were found as 36 and 26 related cancer incidences per 1,000,000 people. Consistently, local prevalence of lung cancer raise from 56.97/100,000 to 72.38/100,000; the prevalence of thyroid cancer raise from 10.12/100,000 to 45.26/100,000 from 2014 to 2020. Our findings suggest an urgent need to investigate the adverse health effects of PAHs on local population and we call for more strictly restriction on coal consumption and traffic tail gas emission. [Display omitted] • The dominant detected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have 4-ring structures. • From 2014–2020, 93% monthly values of particulate matter-2.5 exceeded 35 µg/m3. • Excess cancer risk unit was 4.3 × 10−4 ng/m3 in the industrial area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]