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Despite being a central topic, current theories of motivation in sociology remain underdeveloped. This paper supplements existing sociological theories on motivation with insights from affective and cognitive neuroscience to address this issue. The resulting sociological affective model of motivation treats affect as an independent force that sometimes coordinates with cognition while taking charge at other times. Drawing on recent work in the neuroscience of motivation and reward, the paper shows how two affective mechanisms—wanting and liking—can shed light on various behavioral outcomes of interest while allowing for sharper theorizing of key distinctions that need clarification in the literature. By examining the distinctive contribution of each process, the paper reveals a proactive, desire‐driven agent often overlooked by prevailing sociological models emphasizing a reactive actor responding creatively and deliberately when internal meanings and external cues are incongruent. The paper concludes by outlining the broader implications of this synthetic affective model of motivation for sociology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to use the notion of the general-ized quadrangle (Ω, L) of type O-6(2) to show that NE(A(B)) induces SL(A(B)) on A(B), where B is a coclique of Ω, A(B) = 〈ex | x ∈ B〉 is the space spanned by ex, x ∈ B and NE(A(B)) is the stabilize of A(B) in the Chevalley group E = E6(K) of type E6 over a field K of characteristic 2, and to show that E acts transitively on the family V2 of all 2-dimensional singular subspaces of the 27-dimensional module A over K, we also compute |V2|, the order of V2. Next, we compute the action of the subgroup H = 〈UΔ, UΔσ 〉 of E on the 27-dimensional module A over K, where UΔ,UΔσ are two root subgroups of E and we prove that H acts completely reducibly on A with H &#8780 SL2(K). It is important to mention that the motivation behind this work is the challenging nature of the investigation of Chevalley groups, in particular E6, over fields of characteristic 2, and also that this work could lead to more understanding of this type of group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employees play a pivotal role in the implementing of green development strategies and the attainment of dual-carbon objectives within manufacturing enterprises. Effective motivation of employees, fostering consensus on environmental protection, increased engagement in environmental initiatives, and the cultivation of employee cohesion are all vital for fostering green development within these enterprises. This paper seeks to elucidate the roles of general managers, green coordination groups (GCG), and employees in actualizing green behaviors. Furthermore, it advocates for a double incentive model to be employed in the implementing of green strategies within manufacturing enterprises. The research reveals that multiple factors, including incentive intensity, green capability, effort cost, risk aversion, and green variance, significantly influence the formulation of incentive contracts for green behaviors. The motivation level of the general manager directly impacts the efforts of the GCG, the organization's green climate, the manager's individual efforts, and indirectly influences the motivation and efforts of employees towards green behaviors. Notably, the influence of the organization's green climate on employees surpasses than on the manager, underscoring the imperative for collaboration efforts between the general manager and GCG to instill green behaviors among employees. Hence, it is imperative for the general manager and GCG to collaborate not only on critical aspects of green strategy implementation but also in fostering green behaviors among employees. This collaboration will facilitate the development of a multi-layer incentive mechanism aimed at promoting and facilitating the adoption of green behaviors among employees, thus contributing to the advancement of theory regarding employees' green behaviors and offering practical guidance for effectively realizing dual-carbon targets and achieving high-quality development within enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thrust of this paper is to unravel the role of perceived motivation and workers' productivity in educational sectors. By its objectives, It will show the importance of motivation to employees, It will reveal the strategies likely to motivate employees for better work results. To achieve the purpose of this study, one research question was posed, and one null hypothesis was generated. Survey research design was adopted for the study. A sample of seven hundred and ninety-two (792) respondents out of eight thousand one hundred and twelve (8112) administrative staff being the population was randomly selected from this study. The selection was done through the stratified random sampling technique. Questionnaire was the main instrument used for data collection. The instrument was subjected to face validation. The reliability estimate of the instrument was established using the Cronbach-Alpha reliability method. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis was the statistical analysis techniques adopted in the study. The hypothesis was subjected to testing at 0.05 level of significance with relative degrees of freedom. The results of the findings revealed that, there is a positive relationship between medical services as motivational factor and workers' productivity. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that management of all educational sectors should ensure that they build a healthy public policy, zero bills, subsided medical services as motivational package for efficient and productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leadership styles in an organization substantially impact the success of the organization and the productivity of its employees. However, what transformational leadership entails and what effect it has on teacher effectiveness, as well as the influencing factors between leadership style and the work performance of university teachers, remains unknown. The objective of this paper is to undertake an empirical literature review of current studies on the extent to which transformational leadership affects the job performance of university teachers and the mediating effect of organizational culture. Based on the literature review, it reaches two conclusions: Firstly, there is a positive correlation between transformational leadership and the job performance of university teachers. Secondly, organizational culture plays a crucial mediating role between transformational leadership and the performance of university teachers. Hence, it is reasonable to conduct additional research on the impact of transformational leadership, especially the effect of its specific dimensions on the performance of university teachers through the mediating role of the university organizational culture. It is also highlighted that university leaders should recognize the significance of school culture and thus work hard to cultivate a conducive and pleasant work environment and organizational culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we characterize the class of extremal points of the unit ball of the Hessian–Schatten total variation (HTV) functional. The underlying motivation for our work stems from a general representer theorem that characterizes the solution set of regularized linear inverse problems in terms of the extremal points of the regularization ball. Our analysis is mainly based on studying the class of continuous and piecewise linear (CPWL) functions. In particular, we show that in dimension d = 2 , CPWL functions are dense in the unit ball of the HTV functional. Moreover, we prove that a CPWL function is extremal if and only if its Hessian is minimally supported. For the converse, we prove that the density result (which we have only proven for dimension d = 2 ) implies that the closure of the CPWL extreme points contains all extremal points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-pressure angle valves have suffered from eccentric jet flow characteristic in the diffuser pipe section due to the inherent structures and throttling effect. The eccentric jet flow will continuously scour the valve body and lead to washout on the side wall of the valve seat, largely impacting the valve service life and safety. With regard to this issue, this paper has conducted a numerical characterization study to investigate the influences of valve spool structures including the prototype, parallel and spherical spools on the eccentric jet flow in the first diffuser pipe section of a high-pressure angle valve. Results show that the parallel and spherical valve spool structures can achieve a lower pressure difference across the pipe section than the prototype spool structure, while the spherical spool has shown the minimum pressure difference in the first diffuser pipe section. Moreover, compared with the prototype and parallel spools, separated flows are distributed more uniformly on both side walls in the first diffuser pipe section for the valve with the spherical spool. The relative uniformly distributed separation vortexes makes the high-speed mainstream along the pipe center line and can successfully mitigate the eccentric jet flow. The motivation of this work is to reveal the influencing mechanisms of spool structures on the eccentric jet characteristic in high-pressure angle valves and provide useful guidelines for advanced angle valve design with low erosion and long service life. • The influences of valve spool shapes on the eccentric jet flow characteristic are studied in a high-pressure angle valve. • Separated flows are distributed more uniformly in the first diffuser section of the valve with spherical spool. • The spherical spool achieves a smaller pressure difference across the diffuser pipe than the prototype and parallel spools. • The spherical spool is beneficial for suppressing the eccentric jet flow characteristic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chamber inflating soft pneumatic actuators (SPA) are widely used for many industrial applications. Despite the increasing popularity of the actuators, few analyses investigating the detailed functionality of the actuator subcomponents and the contribution of their functions to the overall actuator operation are available. Understanding the roles of the actuator's (sub)components for the overall actuator motion is the fundamental motivation of this work. Consequently, this paper must evaluate the interactions between the actuator's overall performance and the component-level design parameter variations. To understand the relation, this work builds component-level simplified analytical models and extends them to estimate the actuator motions. With finite element method (FEM) models, the work enhances its analysis of each component and confirms their contribution to the overall motion. Both the newly built analytical and FEM models are thoroughly compared to a series of experiments. Finally, the present work synthesizes the studied design sensitivity of the subcomponent variations and suggests a soft pneumatic actuator design that is believed to provide the maximum workspace. [Display omitted] • Identified the functional role of the subcomponent to the overall actuator motion. • Isolated the component and created simplified analytical models. • Properly synthesized the analytical models and FEM to accomplish the objective. • Proposed a new soft pneumatic actuator design that provides maximum working range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]