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Objective/Context: This article presents the historical context of the creation of Goiânia, capital city of the state of Goiás, built in the 1930s as a symbol of the expansion of the demographic and agricultural frontier in central Brazil. The city emerged through the Pedro Ludovico Teixeira efforts, appointed state intervener by the President Getúlio Vargas. In the construction process, there was the boosters's discourse, which attributed to the promised "metropolis" the power to create good opportunities for economic growth. For this, they relied on natural resources such as rivers, the presence of rich nearby forests and the fields with a less sloping region. Methodology: The study used archival sources based on technical and memorialist reports, photographs, maps, newspapers and periodicals of the time, as well as bibliography based on the theoretical and methodological assumptions of Environmental History. Originality: The historiography of Central Brazil has often been analyzed from the perspective of the frontier and not from the perspective of environmental history. In this paper, we seek to appropriate these two issues, reinforcing the relationship between the rural and urban processes of the Cerrado environmental history in Central Brazil. Conclusions: The real scenario was different from the announced one, since nature was much more a barrier than a facilitating element of development. In addition, the ideals of modern urbanism were partially abandoned due to the opportunism of selling lots. Also, the growth took place, but not because of the abundance of natural resources, but because of the transfer of the capital that fed it back as it attracted new inhabitants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State and international entities can have profound effects on the development of a country's nursing profession. Through a global health governance lens, this paper explores the development of nursing in Brazil during the early twentieth century, and its intersections with national and international interests. Accordingly, we will show how state policies established an environment that fostered the institutionalization of nursing as a profession in Brazil and supported it as a means to increase the presence of females in nation building processes. The State focused on recruiting elite women for nursing, in part due to the Rockefeller Foundation's involvement in the country. Nurses who worked for Rockefeller came from well-educated classes within US society with specific ideas about who should be a nurse and the roles of nurses in a healthcare system. These women served as the primary vehicles for interacting with Brazilian health authorities responsible for health system development. Their early efforts did not, however, ensure a system capable of producing nursing human resources at a rate that, in present day Brazil, could meet the health needs of the country. Findings from this paper offer new avenues for historians to explore the early roots of professional nursing through a global health governance lens, improve the understanding of the intersection between international politics and professionalization, and highlight how these factors may impact nursing human resources production in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazil is a signatory to various international treaties against gender violence and has a specific law on the issue: the "Maria da Penha" Law (LMP), the tenth anniversary of the approval of which was in 2016. This law is the first systematic mechanism against gender violence in the country. This paper analyses the validity of this legislation over these ten years, studies the mechanisms created to halt domestic violence against women and assesses their effectiveness. Finally, some current challenges for the policy combating gender violence in Brazil are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past decades working relationships have been continuously changed toward more flexible relations vis-à-vis labor relations of the traditional type. These transformations have also reached the Brazilian labor market, even though it has characteristics quite different from those of more developed economies. At the Brazil context, labor relations have always had a strong element of flexibility, since the formal and informal work is equally important in the economy. However, despite the informality in the Brazilian scenario, Brazilian skilled workers remained in stable work bonds, with CLT contracts, during the second half of the last century. But this scenario has been modified in recent decades. Although all these changes in labor market, research about different types of work contracts in the Brazilian market is scarce. Data relating to qualified professionals are even rarer. Considering this situation this paper aims to identify the different types of working contracts among skilled workers in Brazil. The paper discusses the results of empirical research and presents, based on literature and on data from 47 workers' interviews, 15 variations of work contracts, which could be distinguished from CLT type. Considering these diversity the results of this research indicate that flexible labor relations cannot be taken as a homogenous process. The data also depict a troubling reality. We can say that there is a gap in the Brazilian context between current labor relations and the environment in which they operate. Brazilian society and labor laws are structured based on formal working relations. Organizations often do not know how to deal with a workforce with different contract types, facing complex problems arising from this situation. And workers in general are not prepared to act in this differentiated labor market. We emphasize that the workers are the weakest link in this context, struggling to maximize the positive and minimize the negative aspects associated with labor contracts that differ from traditional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the results of studies about broadcasting media in Brazil, the history of the radio is divided in three phases. The first embraces the period between 1922 and 1935, that corresponds to the experimental transmission stage. The second period (1935-1955) is characterized by the consolidation of the radio as a media. The last one, the period between 1955 and 1976, reflects the lost of media space due to the television. The present paper has the main proposal to describe the development of the radio as a media in Brazil and its role as advertising in every period. This paper also explains the use of radio advertising after the 70's. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The government of President Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC/1995-2002) played a significant role in the consolidation of policies directed to the countryside and the agrarian reform process in Brazil. The aim of this paper was to reflect on the profile and stresses involved in agrarian reform policy of the FHC government, and the ramifications of this policy in light of the number of settled families and areas obtained for agrarian reform in Brazil. It was used as source texts of researchers who studied the ways and waywardness of the Brazilian agrarian reform and data from the "Fight for Land Database" (DATALUTA/NERA/Unesp/Presidente Prudente). It is understood that during the FHC government, despite the number of settled families and obtained areas have considerably advanced when compared to previous governments, agrarian reform was treated marginally, and the government sometimes denied the struggles and the leadership role of social movements in the countryside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout our history, the idea of Brazil has been the subject of several elaborations, in general combining political and aesthetic aspects. However, at the turn of the third millennium this process has taken a new shape. Appropriations and reworkings of the idea of Brazil multiplied. The initiatives were everywhere, reaching different sectors of cultural and artistic production, the media and especially the market. The objective of this paper is to present the results of a documentary research project on the topic conducted in the course of the 2000s, which indicate two basic changes in comparison to the movements in the 20th century: the displacement of political interest to marketing, as well as of the emphasis on national identity to cultural diversity. In conclusion, we discuss the implications of the slide of identity construction from the sphere of politics to consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the National Defense Strategies of the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) in order to verify how the four countries evaluate the strategic landscape of this century, especially regarding the balance of power between the Great Powers, their immediate geographical surroundings and their relationship with the US. This work addresses specifically the similarities and differences among them and how these differences reflect in their respective defense policies. Among the four cases, the Brazilian one will be in especial focus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of the Brazilian academic production in the period from 1997 to 2011 on the theme 'brand identity'. The starting point for its realization was the study previously conducted by Vieira (1998), considering nine variables in bibliometric analysis. This article complements that first one, specifically for observing a chronological horizon involving more time of analysis, a specific theme and a more extensive selection of journals and scientific events. This article is the first reference on the topic 'brand identity' in terms of bibliometric survey ever made in Brazil. After analysis of 3,584 articles, the results reveal predominant use of books as a basis for academic and scientific production on the theme as well as ratifies that Brazilian authors do not quote Brazilian scholars, and also that there is concentration of academic production on the topic identity brand into three main areas: 'Consumer Behaviour', 'Product Positioning and Brand' and 'Market Strategies'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the transformation process of the Indian villages (called «aldeias») into parishes, in the Archdiocese of Bahia, from the new guidelines issued in the Pombaline period concerning indigenous and colonial policy. This process occurred in the last months of the year 1758 driven by a special tribunal of the «Mesa da Consciência e Ordens», introduced in Bahia, chaired by the diocesan prelate and attended by three royal ministers from Lisbon. The replacement of the Jesuits by priests contributed to a greater involvement of the secular clergy with indigenous issues in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper assert that there was cross - breed between the African groups that arrived to Rio de Janeiro in the XIX century, that means, that the cross - breed is not just the result of the links between black and white people but also the product of the relation between people coming from the big regions of Africa. In order to explain this phenomena we appeal to the high forced mobility of African people to Rio de Janeiro that generated a pattern of exogamy filogenetic that was saw as a cultural endogamy, and the social demanding over the ethnic origin in order to participate in the work market implied that the slaves had to make different and various attributions of identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]