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The phase‐locked loop (PLL) is a critical control module applied in the control system of renewable energy sources (RESs) to synchronize with the grid voltage. When a fault occurs, the dynamic response process of the PLL will generate a phase locking error, resulting in a mass of harmonic components in the fault current of the PV inverter, which further poses challenges to transformer differential protection. To address the challenges posed by the phase locking error in practical engineering applications, this paper proposes an improved scheme that uses a digital computer algorithm to record and store the pre‐fault voltage and introduces the limiting coefficient. Firstly, the memory voltage is used to eliminate the phase locking error of the PLL, thereby mitigating harmonic distortion in the fault current of the RESs and ensuring the reliability of the transformer differential protection. In addition, the limiting coefficient is introduced to eliminate the effect of the increased amplitude of the fault current caused by the memory voltage. The voltage reference value of the inverter is multiplied by an appropriate limiting coefficient k and then output to the physical system. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the formation mechanism of the transmission distortion of electronic voltage transformer, and points out that the integrator will magnify the transient transfer error and superimpose the dynamic additional component on the output signal, which may cause the transfer distortion of voltage signal in serious cases. To restrict the electronic transformer transient variable error effect on distance relay, a distance relay method using instantaneous value after equal transfer processes is proposed. It directly uses output differential signals of the capacitor voltage divider and Rogowski coil. The capacitor voltage divider and Rogowski coil are decomposed into several typical variable link in series. The virtual digital transfer link, which is constructed by the digital filter, is used to compensate for the difference parts of the transfer link, so that the voltage and current signals pass through the same transfer link. It can mitigate the influence of voltage and current signal transfer difference on the calculation accuracy of distance relay. The simulation results show that the proposed distance relay method has fast operation speed and is less affected by abnormal voltage and current signal transfer, and its performance is better than existing distance relay methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power electronic transformer (PET) should have a satisfying low‐voltage ride‐through (LVRT) ability to cope with different kinds and severities of voltage sags. To solve the LVRT issue, this paper proposes to coordinate mode switching control (MSC) and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), and it is to realize the targets of promoting voltage recovery, keeping DC‐link stabilization, and alleviating current inrush. First, the theoretical modeling of a PET incorporating with a SMES unit is implemented, and the PET's fault transient characterizes as well as the SMES's potential supportability is analyzed. Then, the coordination philosophy of the MSC and the SMES is presented. For that the voltage sag reaches a certain threshold, the MSC is enabled to remove the PET's normal control, and the SMES collaboratively operates to lower the DC‐link overvoltage, while avoiding the PET damage. In the process of the coordination control handling the voltage transients, a proper reactive current injection is carried out at the PET's output stage to assist the voltage recovery, and the PET can possess a better LVRT margin. Using MATLAB, a 3 MW PET with an 8 H/1.2 MJ SMES unit is modeled, and different voltage sag scenarios and utilization ways of the MSC and the SMES are simulated. The comparative analysis results show that the proposed approach realizes a satisfying LVRT for the PET. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at the appropriate applications of two important current differential protection criteria by quantitative analyses. Combining theoretical analysis with simulation tests, the overall performances of two typical percentage differential protection criteria are compared in terms of the operation sensitivity and security. First, with appropriate parameter settings, the comparative sensitivity analysis between the phase-current-based criterion and the superimposed-component-based criterion is done. Further, the security of these criteria is compared, and some disadvantages of the criterion based on phase current directly are reported. The performance of the criteria during the current transformer (CT) saturation when experiencing heavy external faults are studied, and some valuable findings are reported as well. With the conclusion drawn from this paper, the applications of both criteria can be arranged more reasonably. © 2015 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]