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The significant acceleration of China's urbanization process has greatly promoted economic development. At the same time, the massive construction of urban buildings has also caused many problems such as environmental pollution and increased energy consumption. Therefore, in architectural design, it is particularly important to pay attention to the sustainable development of the environment, handle the relationship between good people and nature under the guidance of the concept of green development, and focus on the recycling of resources. Focusing on resource utilization in architectural design and based on certain planning can better control the construction process of urban buildings, save energy consumption, reduce construction costs, and contribute to the green development of cities. The comprehensive evaluation of energy conservation and emission reduction of construction projects is a classical MAGDM problems. Recently, the Logarithmic TODIM (LogTODIM) method has been employed to cope with MAGDM issues. The single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs) are used as a tool for characterizing uncertain information during the comprehensive evaluation of energy conservation and emission reduction of construction projects. In this paper, the single-valued neutrosophic number Logarithmic TODIM (SVNN-LogTODIM) method is built to solve the MAGDM under SVNSs. In the end, a numerical case study for comprehensive evaluation of energy conservation and emission reduction of construction projects is given to validate the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In multicasting packets of data from a node will be sent to a group of receiver nodes at the same time. Multicasting lowers transmission costs. Energy conservation is critical to a sensor network's long-term viability. Sensor networks have limited and non-replenishable energy supplies, maximizing network lifetime is crucial in sensor nodes. As a result, clustering has become one of the popular methods for extending the lifetime of an entire system by integrating information at the cluster head. Cluster head (CH) selection is the important serving node in each cluster in the Wireless sensor networks (WSN). This paper introduces a High Power Node (HPN) multicasting approach which embeds a cluster of sink node data in packet headers to allow receiver for utilizing a approach for transferring multicast packet data via the shortest paths. The proposed Energy efficient multicasting cluster based routing (EEMCR) protocol utilized high power nodes, which shall play a critical role in minimal energy usage. The implementation findings demonstrate that, when compared with the previous methodologies, the suggested algorithm has enhanced in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR), End to end delivery rate, efficiency and achieves low energy consumption. The proposed EEMCR obtain 95% efficiency. The results are then compared to other existing algorithms to determine the superiority of the proposed methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANET) in modern research have many optimal energy conservation mechanisms that can be deployed easily and in a faster manner. The routing approaches associated with energy consumption play a dominant role in routing the data packets between the mobile sensor nodes within the range of optimization. However, major challenges associated with energy consumption in MANETs include reduced lifetime of sensor nodes, poor coverage, and throughput. Most methods tend to reduce the interference of data while traversing between the sensor nodes and increase the capacity of the network. This results in delays while transmitting the packets across the network, and this may result in failure of packets being transmitted. To resolve this issue, in this paper, we propose an ant colony optimization combined with a flower pollination algorithm for minimal energy consumption and throughput maximisation in MANETs. This hybrid meta-heuristic model resolves the issues, including delays, poor coverage, and reduced network lifetime. This hybrid model uses the estimation of neighbourhood distance among the nodes for optimal placement of nodes for effective location. The estimation of location is found using a flower pollination algorithm with a levy flight mechanism. The estimation is carried out in a hyper sphere model that helps in finding the coverage area of the sensor nodes. Depending upon the estimation of neighbourhood distance among the sensor nodes, the consumption of energy among the sensor nodes in MANETs is reduced. The simulation was conducted between the proposed hybrid approach and conventional soft computing heuristics, where the results show that the proposed model achieves a higher rate of energy conservation and reduces delay than other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is difficult to recharge or replace the batteries in wireless sensor networks. So taking corresponding measures to reduce energy consumption to prolong lifetime without affecting the communication coverage is one of the most important challenges. At present, many researchers use the concept of backbone network to achieve this goal. Nodes which are not in backbone network can go to sleep state for topological simplification and energy conservation. By using the time-based and energy-based topology maintenance, this paper analyzes and compares four backbone-based topology construction protocols, namely A3, A3Cov, EECDS and CDS Rule K. Simulation results show that the time-based-A3 and energy-based-A3 perform better than other protocols in terms of lifetime and communication coverage. Then a hybrid topology control technology based on A3 (hybrid-based-A3) is presented for wireless sensor networks. During the topology construction phase, the importance weight is added into the A3 algorithm. During the topology maintenance phase, we mix time-based and energy-based methods. Based on the "Active Nodes from Sink" and "Communication Coverage" metrics, the performance comparison of time-based-A3, energy-based-A3, and hybrid-based-A3 topology control algorithms are simulated on Java platform. The results show that the hybrid-based-A3 algorithm performances better than time-based-A3 and energy-based-A3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim at achieving the energy conservation and fully taking advantage of the multi-radio resource for multi-radio wireless sensor networks (MRWSNs), the interval type-2 fuzzy logic (IT2FL) based energy-optimal radio resource management mechanism is proposed, by taking the complex uncertainties existed in MRWSNs into consideration. The contribution of this paper is as follows. Firstly, the IT2FL inference mechanism is proposed to handle the complex uncertainties better. In the proposed IT2FL inference mechanism, three important factors, i.e., the transceiver energy consumption, the residual energy, and the channel quality, are considered as the input variables and the selection probability of each transceiver is regard as output variable. Secondly, the proposed IT2FL is utilized to the decision-making of the energy-efficient radio resource allocation in MRWSNs, when there are multiple new/delivery tasks. Following that, full simulations are deployed, in order to validate the proposed IT2FL based radio resource management mechanism can effectively improve the network performance, in terms of the energy efficient, throughput, data transmission success rate, and prolong the network lifetime etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the performance of modern multi-core processors is significantly increases, the total energy consumption in the systems also increases drastically. Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) is considered as one of the efficient schemes for achieving the aim of energy saving. In this paper, we consider scheduling a task set, whose release times, deadlines and execution requirements are given, on DVFS-enabled multi-core processor system. Our main aim is to meet the execution requirements of all the tasks, and to minimizethe overall energy consumption on the processor with effective utilization of resources. Instead of seeking optimal solutions with high complexity, we aim to design algorithms suitable for real-time systems, with good performances. We come up with a simple algorithm for task scheduling and energy awareness by considering deadline constraint. We further consider the distribution of deadline and task scheduling, which guarantee that all tasks meet their execution requirements, and tries to minimize the overall energy consumption. Case based simulations for various applications and task characteristics and evaluations using a practical processor’s power configuration indicate that our proposed algorithm has a less energy consumption performance and good resource utilization in terms of saving processor energy, though it has low complexity. Besides, the proposed algorithm is easy to be implemented in practical systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing popularity of media-rich Internet content and the associated growth in power consumption have highlighted the need for energy efficient content distribution schemes. This paper investigates the power savings introduced by caching content in IP over WDM networks. To carry out the study, we develop a MILP model to minimize the power consumption of cache-based services over an IP over WDM network by optimizing the cache sizes of the network nodes at different times of the day. A Constraint-Based Genetic Algorithm (CBGA) is developed to validate the optimum cache sizes obtained from the MILP model and a simulation based on lightpath bypass validates the power consumption of routing traffic demands. We consider different popularity distributions including the Zipf, Pareto and Bimodal content popularity distributions to exemplify different types of IPTV services. Our results reveal that deploying the optimum variable cache sizes at the nodes reduces the overall network power consumption by up to 42%, 68% and 72% using Zipf, Pareto and Bimodal distributions for content popularity, respectively. We further study the impact of regular cache updates on power efficiency. The results show that removing the 10 most popular objects from caches increases the network power consumption by up to 20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the need for energy-efficient and sustainable capacity growth has become stringent for telecommunication networks and great efforts have been produced to reduce their power consumption. Optical technologies based on Wavelength Division Multiplexing are well-recognized as a promising solution for greening the future Internet. One relevant approach to achieve such power savings consists in aggregating traffic flows in few network links, so that power can be saved by switching-off some unused network devices. However, the need to ensure network resiliency against link and/or node failures imposes that still the resources reserved to protect connections become available immediately after a failure occurs. Therefore, a possible solution is to set some devices into low-power sleep-mode, so that they can be rapidly re-activated and provide fast connection recovery. In this paper we focus on the power-efficiency of protected IP-over-WDM networks and provide a comprehensive comparison of four different protection strategies, namely Shared-Link, Shared-Path, Dedicated-Link and Dedicated-Path Protection (SLP, SPP, DLP and DPP respectively) in a sleep-mode scenario. In the proposed design strategies we assume that low-power sleep-mode is enabled for devices used for protection. Mathematical models for a power-aware design with sleep-mode is proposed for the four protection strategies. We show that relevant power savings (up to about 60%) can be obtained for all the protection strategies by setting protection devices into sleep-mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past decade, the ever-increasing energy demands of IT infrastructures have posed significant challenges for the research community in terms of reducing their total power consumption and minimizing their environmental impact. Optical communication networks are envisioned to be promising candidates to help preventing this problem affecting the Internet backbone, as well as for distributed applications such as computational grids. In this paper, we propose an adaptive and distributed scheme for the establishment of energy-efficient lightpaths in computational grids. The grid is deployed over an optical circuit-switched backbone network, defining an optical grid network. Each node of the backbone network maintains two different dynamic thresholds values and estimates the changes in network performance by evaluating the moving average of the total wavelength channel occupancy on all its input/output links. The nodes have the ability of reducing the energy consumption by entering into an Energy Saving Mode (ESM) on the basis of a comparison between their channel occupancy and the thresholds. Furthermore, we extend our framework by allowing the thresholds to be dynamically adapted depending on the network performance in terms of blocking probability. We show that the proposed method achieves considerable energy savings when compared to a normal energy-unaware operational mode and still allows to maintain an acceptable level of network performance in terms of blocking probability and end-to-end delay. Numerical results are obtained with a Java event-driven simulator of two different optical network topologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]