8 results
Search Results
2. Understanding rural resistance: contemporary mobilization in the Brazilian countryside.
- Author
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Pahnke, Anthony, Tarlau, Rebecca, and Wolford, Wendy
- Subjects
SOCIAL movements ,MASS mobilization ,PEASANTS ,AGRICULTURAL productivity ,POLITICAL autonomy - Abstract
Contradictions between impressive levels of economic growth and the persistence of poverty and inequality are perhaps nowhere more evident than in rural Brazil. While Brazil might appear to be an example of the potential harmony between large-scale, export-oriented agribusiness and small-scale family farming, high levels of rural resistance contradict this vision. In this introductory paper, we synthesize the literature on agrarian resistance in Brazil and situate recent struggles in Brazil within the Latin American context more broadly. We highlight seven key characteristics of contemporary Latin American resistance, which include: the growth of international networks, the changing structure of state–society collaboration, the deepening of territorial claims, the importance of autonomy, the development of alternative economies, continued opposition to dispossession, and struggles over the meaning of nature. We argue that by analyzing rural mobilization in Brazil, this collection offers a range of insights relevant to rural contention globally. Each contribution in this collection increases our understanding of alternative agricultural production, large-scale development projects, education, race and political parties in the contemporary agrarian context. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Combustible renewables and waste consumption, agriculture, CO2 emissions and economic growth in Brazil.
- Author
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Ben Jebli, Mehdi and Ben Youssef, Slim
- Subjects
VECTOR error-correction models ,ECONOMIC development ,COINTEGRATION ,AGRICULTURAL productivity ,GROSS domestic product ,AGRICULTURE ,BIOMASS energy - Abstract
This paper studies the dynamic relationships between per-capita combustible renewables and waste (CRW) consumption, agricultural value added (AVA), carbon dioxide (CO
2 ) emissions, and real gross domestic product (GDP) for the case of Brazil, spanning the period 1980–2013. There is long-run cointegration between the considered variables. Short-run empirical findings reveal that there is a unidirectional causality running from agriculture to CO2 emissions and to GDP. However, there is long-run bidirectional causality between all considered variables. The long-run estimates show that both CRW consumption and AVA contribute to increase economic growth and to decrease CO2 emissions. Agricultural production and CRW consumption appear to play substitutable roles in the Brazilian economy as increasing CRW consumption reduces AVA in the long run, and vice versa. In addition, economic growth increases agricultural production and CRW production. Brazil is advised to continue encouraging agriculture and biofuels productions. The present substitutability between agriculture and biofuels productions could be reduced or even stopped by encouraging second-generation biofuels and discouraging first-generation biofuels. This may be done by policies of subsidization or of taxation, encouraging R&D and giving advantageous credits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The accidental agro-power: constructing comparative advantage in Brazil.
- Author
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Hopewell, Kristen
- Subjects
FARM produce exports & imports ,PRODUCE trade ,AGRICULTURAL productivity ,AGRICULTURAL policy ,INDUSTRIALIZATION - Abstract
Brazil has emerged as an agro-export powerhouse: from being a net-agricultural importer and food aid recipient as recently as the 1960s and 1970s, it has now become the world’s third largest agricultural exporter, after the US and EU. What is more, Brazil’s new role as a major agricultural trader has provided an important foundation for its enhanced status and influence in global economic governance, as an emerging power and one of the ‘BRICS’. This paper analyses how such a remarkable transformation was brought about. I argue that Brazil’s emergence as an agricultural powerhouse was the result not of its natural factor endowments, but extensive intervention on the part of the Brazilian state that had the effect of constructing a new comparative advantage. This transformation was propelled by state-driven innovation and related policies that opened up massive new areas of the country to agriculture, enabled it to shift to producing goods in direct competition with the world’s dominant agricultural exporters, and generated significant gains in productivity and competitiveness. The irony is that the intention of these policies, initiated in the 1970s, was to foster industrial development in Brazil as part of its import-substitution industrialisation programme, yet they wound up having precisely the opposite effect – transforming Brazil into one of the world’s dominant agricultural powers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Institutionalizing economies of opposition: explaining and evaluating the success of the MST's cooperatives and agroecological repeasantization.
- Author
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Pahnke, Anthony
- Subjects
SOCIAL movements ,POOR people ,COOPERATIVE agriculture research ,AGRICULTURAL productivity ,AGRICULTURAL ecology - Abstract
Dominant conceptions of social movements consider their constitutive feature thedisruptionof order, not practices aroundbuildingit. In this paper, I challenge this notion by analyzing the Landless Workers' Movement (MST)'s relatively successful efforts toinstitutionalizethe practices of agricultural production developed by its members in cooperatives and agroecology. Through this analysis, I show that the movement's administration of a democratically managed form of agricultural production exemplifies a unique form of social movement resistance – namely, what I callself-governmentalresistance.Rather than reformist or revolutionary contention, self-governmental resistance – performed by movements like the MST –redevelopsstate policies by vying for and often taking control over the design and implementation of agricultural production. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Unpacking the finance-farmland nexus: circles of cooperation and intermediaries in Brazil.
- Author
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Spadotto, Bruno Rezende, Martenauer Saweljew, Yuri, Frederico, Samuel, and Teixeira Pitta, Fábio
- Subjects
LAND titles ,AGRICULTURAL productivity ,AGRICULTURAL marketing ,CIRCLE ,REAL property ,PROPERTY rights - Abstract
In this article, we analyse strategies of accumulation of agribusiness corporations specializing in the land market. More specifically, we examine the processes and actors involved and the connections that global financial capital makes in order to access the land market and agricultural production in the Cerrado biome in central-northern Brazil (Matopiba region), which we refer to as 'circles of cooperation'. We present case studies on two financialized corporations engaged in real estate farmland speculation, Radar and SLC LandCo, to illustrate the technical and political dimensions of 'operations of capital' and the grilagem (falsification of land titles) scheme used in the Matopiba region. Our focus is on the role of the intermediaries, namely colonels and grileiros, and the legalization of land grabbing by corporate investors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Toward a Spatial Understanding of Staple Food and Nonstaple Food Production in Brazil*.
- Author
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Brown, J.Christopher, Rausch, Lisa, and Luz, VerônicaGronau
- Subjects
FOOD storage ,AGRICULTURAL productivity ,SPATIAL variation ,FARM produce - Abstract
Copyright of Professional Geographer is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Family farming in Brazil: evolution between the 1996 and 2006 agricultural censuses.
- Author
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Guanziroli, Carlos, Buainain, Antonio, and Sabbato, Alberto
- Subjects
CENSUS ,FAMILY farms ,AGRICULTURE ,AGRICULTURAL productivity ,RURAL population ,RURAL development ,FARMERS ,HISTORY ,CHARTS, diagrams, etc. - Abstract
This article compares the main findings of Brazilian agricultural census data of 1996 with the same of 2006 by applying the methodology known as ‘FAO/INCRA’ (Food Agriculture Organization/Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária) which allows the characterization of family farms in relation to the total universe of farms. In this comparison several variables are shown, including the share of family farming in the total value of production, in the total number of farms, utilization of modern technology and partial factor productivity. Census data shows that family farming has changed from 37.91 percent of total production value to 36.11 percent during a decade of strong expansion of agriculture as a whole, demonstrating the economic relevance of this segment which, besides producing food, is integrated in the most important productive agricultural chains of the Brazilian agribusiness. Family farming is a heterogeneous segment, with different sub-segments. During the studied period of ten years the most rich of these sub-segments (A) has increased participation in total production, while the poorer sub-segments (C and D) have only grown in absolute terms without a corresponding increase in production. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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