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Reinforcing the term proposed by Queixalós & Renault-Lescure (2000, pp. 9-11) in the title, this paper aims to establish relations between the colonial history of Brazil and the policies for language teaching in our country since the beginning of the colonization, in order to analyze traces of linguistic coloniality that are still present nowadays. Through an analysis of the history of language teaching in Brazil (BESSA FREIRE, 2018; GRILLI, 2018; LUCCHESI, 2017; SAVIANI, 2007; SILVA & FAVORITO, 2018), with a theoretical basis in decolonial thinking (FANON, 2008; SOUSA). SANTOS, 2019; VERONELLI, 2015), this paper delimits three effects of the coloniality of language. It is argued that these three effects were launched by the abyssal exclusion of non-white peoples during the colonial period, but they persist firmly in contemporary Brazil. Finally, language education is defended as an emancipating alternative to the civilizing monolingualism, as a way to welcome the multiplicity of knowledges and speeches of the Brazilian people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the growing migratory movement of Venezuelans to Brazil, the state of Roraima occupies a prominent place in the dynamics of reception of crisis migrants of Venezuelan origin. In this context, this paper aims to reflect on the representation of the Venezuelan as an "invader" in the midst of xenophobic manifestations of part of the population of Roraima and the Spanish language represented as "the language of the invader". The theoretical framework is based on applied linguistics with debates on language and crisis migration. The methodology used was qualitative and interpretativist, with clippings of oral narratives of crisis migrants living in Roraima generated in a focus group activity. The results point out that the representation of the "invading" migrant is present in Roraima's society by both Brazilians and foreigners, and the use of the Spanish language may influence the way these people are treated in the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the issue of the configuration of a network for the digital fabrication of personal protective equipment to fight the pandemic of COVID-19. The main aim is to highlight how creative and innovative design practices, based on digital fabrication, have contributed to combat the new coronavirus in Brazil, concerning the design, production and distribution of face shields. The paper is the result of both exploratory, descriptive and qualitative research. In addition to documentary data and revisiting design literature, this work sought to understand the network formation modus operandi for digital manufacture of face shields, based on examples carried out in every region of the country. In conclusion, it argued that these social mobilization networks are based on the assumptions of the maker culture and reveal the potential for an open, distributed and resilient design to face this contemporary and future crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to analyze Applied Linguistics research, focusing on studies related to the teaching of language. We argue that Applied Linguistics, as it is practiced today, represents continuity with regard to research done in the 1940's, when the field started. Since its origin, the field of Applied Linguistics has aimed to understand and offer solutions to socially relevant problems that involve the use of language in educational contexts. The paper presents a brief history of reading research in Brazil in order to illustrate the development of Applied Linguistics research in the last fifty years. Three types of transformations in the field are discussed: territorial, epistemological and paradigmatic, this last one with focus on interpretative, situated research in school contexts and on a new research interest, language teacher education. In the final considerations, we propose a research agenda based on the categories discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the increasing time Brazilians spend on social-networking websites, Interactional Sociolinguistics has become more interested on the interaction by the means of these new media, particularly Facebook - the most used social media website in Brazil. This paper aims at studying the configuration of impoliteness in an online text published on Facebook as well as verifying the role of lexis in the impoliteness research. In this article, we understand (im)politeness as an evaluative phenomenon by which behaviors are judged regarding their social adequacy, so they are normally labeled as: polite, impolite, rude, courteous, aggressive, excessively polite etc. Moreover, impoliteness, according to Culpeper and Hardaker (2017), is the technical term that designates behaviors that are generally judged as socially inadequate. In order to achieve our goal, this paper reports an exploratory study in which we analyze a text published on Facebook, observing the conventionalized impoliteness formulae and the lexical choices in the light of the textual-interactive perspective. The results show that the study of lexis contributes to the analysis of impoliteness by accounting for linguistic aspects, and that some features of the interaction on Facebook stimulate that impoliteness is more directed to interlocutors' ideological positions rather than their individual selves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the growing migratory movement of Venezuelans to Brazil, the state of Roraima occupies a prominent place in the dynamics of reception of crisis migrants of Venezuelan origin. In this context, this paper aims to reflect on the representation of the Venezuelan as an "invader" in the midst of xenophobic manifestations of part of the population of Roraima and the Spanish language represented as "the language of the invader". The theoretical framework is based on applied linguistics with debates on language and crisis migration. The methodology used was qualitative and interpretativist, with clippings of oral narratives of crisis migrants living in Roraima generated in a focus group activity. The results point out that the representation of the "invading" migrant is present in Roraima's society by both Brazilians and foreigners, and the use of the Spanish language may influence the way these people are treated in the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we discuss the colonialities of language discussed by undergraduate students of Letras: Inglês. The problematizations are based on experiences reported by the students focusing on two themes: the effects of coloniality in the construction of the Portuguese language in Brazil and in the Letras course. We structure our argument on the decolonial thought and on the idea that languages are inventions with real effects in language tests, migration, textbooks, and language teaching. The empirical material was generated in a critical language teacher education experience, and we use classroom interactions and answers from a written test in order to support our discussion. As for the invention of language, the reflections showcase the maintenance of the colonial epistemology, since the relation between language and subalternity is preserved. As for the Letras course, the discussions revealed contradictions. On the one hand, debates that promote language diversity were promoted, but on the other hand, when it comes to assessment only hegemonic forms were considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the verbal and non-verbal behaviors adopted by participants of an electoral debate. To carry out this study, we adopted the theoretical and analytical principles of a theoretical-methodological approach developed by the Interaction & Formation Group, based at the University of Geneva. For this approach, language is an instrument for coordinating actions and a resource that allows interlocutors to communicate and negotiate knowledge, establish social links and transform the environment they are in, jointly building identity images and developing their interactional competence. Adopting the concepts, theoretical articulations and methods proposed by the group, this study analyzed an excerpt from the last electoral debate of the 2018 campaign for the Presidency of the Republic of Brazil. With the analysis, it was possible to observe that the interlocutors use verbal and non-verbal language to reveal expectations related to the context, showing its ruled, social and historical character, and to negotiate these same expectations, revealing that the meanings and the interaction itself are emerging, flexible and highly contextualised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maker Networks indicate how society organizes itself to overcome significant challenges, such as the lack of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyze initiatives that produced PPE for frontline health staff to propose design guidelines for implementing RDM-Maker Networks: networks of people and organizations in the Maker Movement that collaboratively produce goods or services organized in a redistributed manufacturing (RDM) model. This paper has two main results: five Maker Networks in Brazil analyzed in terms of their RDM features and the subsequent design guidelines. We selected cases through several criteria like their location and the type of one of their nodes. Those criteria also represent limitations that further works can address. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to slow down the spread of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, it is vital to adopt measures to inform citizens about preventive actions. Such an operation requires a wideranged system that comprises a variety of interfaces as channels between citizens and healthcare authority's information services. Amongst such interfaces, the Interactive Voice Response (IVR) systems can present benefits for informing citizens about the pandemic. Although the literature shows that IVR systems have been used for healthcare, the extent of the COVID-19 pandemic demands new examinations on the role of IVR systems on a multiplatform system for delivering information. This paper aimed to identify gaps and opportunities for the use of IVR systems to inform citizens about the COVID-19 pandemic. A case study was conducted by mapping the Brazilian Ministry of Healthcare's channels of information about the coronavirus and analyzing the Disque Saúde IVR system - a phonebased ombudsman channel - based on literature recommendations. The results showed that while IVR systems have great potential for accessibility, it is essential that all types of information are available and continuously updated for citizens. Furthermore, the vast and mutable availability of information in a pandemic scenario may be a challenge for the usability of such systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The provision of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for COVID-19 demanded initiatives beyond the sole provision of physical artifacts, urging the development of new services and system innovations in order to produce effective solutions. In this paper the authors report one of such initiatives, where a streetwear brand (ÖUS) and Paraná Federal University have joined efforts to develop a sustainable Product-Service System for mask provision, aiming at the protection of vulnerable school children in the surrounding area of a shoe manufacturing plant in the state of Ceará, one of the epicenters of the pandemic in the country. This consisted of an Action Design Research where, due to the pandemic context, all participants were in social isolation and, therefore, the design process was carried out remotely. In the article, the authors explore in-depth the induction of a more distributed economy paradigm on the PSS Design. A distributed approach presents itself more aligned with the health requirements during pandemic, with a higher potential to contain locally the flow of people. Furthermore, it also addresses the need for generating income locally, thus merging the health and economic concerns of the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the role of inferencing has been widely acknowledged as key to reading comprehension, little has been done to approach these issues in teaching and assessing second-language reading comprehension in the Brazilian educational system. With this in mind, this research paper sets out to investigate the types of inferences that might be required for test takers to answer questions in the most important Brazilian university entrance exam, ENEM (Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio). This exam is taken by Brazilian students at the end of secondary school in order to assess their performance according to the school curriculum. The students' grades can be used not only for scholarships, but also as a resource for applying for more than 500 Brazilian universities. In order to analyze the ENEM tests, we formulated a framework based on the extensive work of Kintsch and van Dijk and on the model of fluent reading comprehension established by Gagné and colleagues. The framework considered three main types of inferences: bridging, elaborative, and summarizing. The results show that test takers might have to draw more elaborative inferences, meaning they might need a significant amount of background knowledge in order to select the correct alternatives. Summarizing, inferences were also significant, which means the test takers might have to build a complete mental representation of the text, i.e., to integrate world knowledge with the ideas expressed in the text in order to construct meaning. Overall, the results are in consonance with the literature on inferencing, meaning that it does have an essential role in text comprehension. In conclusion, there should be teaching and assessing programs in place designed around tackling these issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a reflection about the connections that can be made between the theory of popular constitutionalism, by Larry Kramer; theories of constitutional dialogue, by Christine Bateup; the model of judicial review proposed by João Mangabeira in the Itamaraty Commission (1932-1933); and the constitutional jurisdiction scheme in Brazil's 1937 Constitution. It discusses the hypothesis that there is an identity between, on the one hand, the central theses of popular constitutionalism and constitutional dialogue and, on the other, some models of parliamentary review of the judicial review that had already been proposed in the late 30s and are currently under discussion in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]