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Summary: The consumption of fossil fuel has resulted in global warming, environmental pollution, and many other crucial problems. Replacing fossil fuel with renewable energy has become an important issue over the recent decades. As a renewable clean energy, wind power is a relatively well‐developed and promising energy method for current technology development in China. Under the background of growing demand for electricity and enhancing awareness for environmental, the “Internet+ wind power” concept has emerged based on both the wind power's characteristics that renewable and non‐polluting, and the rapid development of the Internet in China. Through querying an amount of literature and information, this paper reveals the resource endowment and policy environment about wind power and energy Internet at first. Then, the PEST‐SWOT strategy analysis model is used to analyze the internalities (strengths and weaknesses) and the externalities (opportunities and threats) of “Internet+ wind power”. According to these results, the paper puts forward some measures (development and utilization, business mode) for wind power accommodation. Then some policy recommendations have been proposed. The government should provide favorable conditions for wind power grid with the “Internet+” technology innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently China's wind power industry is challenged by many problems such as wind power integration and wind curtailment, which seriously hinders the development of onshore wind power. Since China's policy has a direct and significant influence on wind power industry, it is vital to analyze and evaluate published policies. This paper explores in detail 134 China's onshore wind power policies from 2005 to 2015 so as to provide analytical support for future formulation and implementation of wind power policy. Based on policy summary from equipment manufacturing industry, wind farms and power grid industry, this paper evaluates the policies from the perspective of overall plan, support policy and policy implementation using fitting method, game theory and empirical analysis. The results indicate that China's wind policy is gradually becoming perfected, for example, there are more reasonable objectives and improved support policies. However, many problems remain to be solved, like unreasonable planning, imperfect support policies, immature trading systems and uncoordinated actions among interest related parties. Furthermore, combined with international experiences, suggestions on improving China's wind power policy are proposed from seven aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid growth of China׳s installed wind power capacity in recent years is closely related to the wind energy policies issued by the Chinese government. Using content analysis and quantitative analysis methods, this paper studies the historical evolution of Chinese wind energy policies. Based on 72 wind energy policies issued in the past two decades (1995–2014), this paper analyzes the issuing organization, form, number and stringency of wind energy policies and compares different policy instruments in two periods. The results show that the number and stringency of wind energy policies fluctuated greatly from 1995 to 2014 and that more than twenty organizations had independently or jointly issued the policies. The main organization issuing wind energy policies, however, is the department that controls key economic and administrative resources and not the one that is in charge of wind energy. Of the 72 policies issued, twenty-three took the form of notices, and eleven were measures. As to the policy instrument, environmental policies are most widely applied by the Chinese government, and “regulation control” and “goal-planning” instruments are the ones most frequently adopted. Furthermore, the application of supply- and demand-type policies is inadequate, and few effective instruments have been adopted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to assess the viability of wind energy projects in China, this paper takes a real options approach by accounting for flexibility over deployment of the technology in response to a stochastic non-renewable energy cost. The difference between the latter and the R&D-enhanced cost of renewable energy operation may be thought of as a benefit from using wind. On the other hand, the Chinese government provides feed-in tariffs to encourage further adoption of wind, which should be included as a cost. This work, thus, shows that there is substantial options value to China's wind energy program, which is bolstered if the cost of carbon dioxide emissions is internalized. Moreover, by varying the rate of feed-in tariffs, the model may be used to show plausible ranges for the feed-in tariffs, which could be a useful policy insight. Furthermore, the study hypothesizes that with the likelihood of renewable energy to replace non-renewable energy, wind power in China can potentially reduce CO 2 emissions by approximately 6.4% by 2020 comparing to the 2005 level and highlights the significant role of wind power in China's emission targets and energy security. This is a relevant paper, especially given the importance of a sustainable energy transition for China. More generally, using the real options approach from a policy perspective could provide insights about the viability of renewable energy programs and robustness of feed-in tariffs rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The matching between random wind supply and electric vehicle (EV) charging demand can reduce the requirement of traditional power sources and the emission of CO2. This problem is of great practical interest but involves system dynamics in multiple timescales. We consider this an important problem in this paper. In order to capture the randomness in the wind supply and EV charging demand, we formulate the problem as a bilevel Markov decision process. At the upper level, the charging demand of EVs in different locations is aggregated into multiple aggregators. The system operator dispatches power among the aggregators in a coarse timescale to maximize the wind power utilization. At the lower level, the aggregator schedules the charging process of individual EVs at a finer timescale to minimize the charging cost. In order to solve this large-scale problem, a bilevel simulation-based policy improvement (SBPI) method is developed. It is mathematically proved that the SBPI can improve from base policies in both levels. The performance of this multi-timescale and bilevel coordination approach is demonstrated through case studies in the city of Beijing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]