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The quarantine and treatment plays an important role in prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases. It has been nearly 200 years since sanatorium model was adopted to isolate and treat patients with tuberculosis(TB). The era of the Republic of China was an important period for the model to sprout and expand. TB sanatorium was established in the early 20th century in China, and flourished in the 1930s. Establishment and changes of TB sanatoriums in Peking, Shanghai and Hangzhou during the era of the Republic of China, has great significance for sorting out the clues of China's anti-TB history, exploring historical trends of TB in China, and most important of all, summing up valuable lessons.

Background: The prognostic impact of perineural invasion (PNI) in patients with esophageal cancer who receive neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) remains unclear., Methods: A thorough pathological review of PNI was performed on post-nCRT esophagectomy specimens obtained from non-ypT0 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). When PNI was identified, it was classified according to the presence or absence of penetration through the nerve sheath (i.e., PNI surrounding the nerve sheath [PNI-SS] versus PNI penetrating through the nerve sheath [PNI-TS]). The impact of PNI on overall survival (OS) was assessed in combination with clinical and pathological risk factors., Results: A total of 177 eligible patients were identified between 1998 and 2008. PNI was identified in 43.5% (77/177) of participants. Of them, 33 and 44 had PNI-SS and PNI-TS, respectively. The 5-year OS rate of patients with PNI-TS was significantly lower (6.7%) than that observed in those without PNI (30.6%, P < 0.001). However, the 5-year OS observed in the latter group did not differ significantly from that of patients with PNI-SS (26%, P = 0.68). Multivariate analysis identified PNI-TS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.965, P = 0.02), LVI (HR = 1.514, P = 0.048), and ypN2 stage (HR = 2.39, P = 0.007) as independent adverse prognostic factors for OS., Conclusions: The presence of PNI-TS after nCRT is associated with poor survival. A thorough assessment of distinct PNI patterns (i.e., PNI-TS versus PNI-SS) should be part of the routine post-nCRT histopathological work-up of ESCC patients., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd, BASO ~ The Association for Cancer Surgery, and the European Society of Surgical Oncology. All rights reserved.)