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Endoplasmic reticulum stress can stimulate calreticulin (CALR) presentation on the cell surface, promoting the phagocytic uptake of stressed cells by myeloid cells. Recent findings from Wattrus et al. demonstrate that zebrafish and mouse embryonic macrophages engulf CALR-exposing nascent hematopoietic stem cells to ensure the selective survival of stem cells apt for adult hematopoiesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitochondria control various processes that are integral to cellular and organismal homeostasis, including Ca2+ fluxes, bioenergetic metabolism, and cell death. Perhaps not surprisingly, multiple pathogenic bacteria have evolved strategies to subvert mitochondrial functions in support of their survival and dissemination. Here, we discuss nonimmunological pathogenic mechanisms that converge on the ability of bacteria to control the mitochondrial compartment of host cells. Mitochondria, the evolutionary successors of an ancient endosymbiotic prokaryote, occupy a central position in the biology of modern eukaryotic cells. Numerous pathogenic bacteria have evolved strategies to subvert the mitochondrial functions of host cells in support of proliferation and dissemination. The control of metabolism, Ca2+ fluxes, autophagy, and regulated cell death at mitochondrial level provides invading pathogens with a considerable evolutionary advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]