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Glomerular diseases are common causes of chronic kidney disease in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. The epidemiology of glomerular diseases differs between different age groups, with minimal change disease being the leading cause of nephrotic syndrome in childhood, while membranous nephropathy and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis are more common in adulthood. IgA vasculitis is also more common in childhood. Moreover, there is a difference in disease severity with more children presenting with a relapsing form of nephrotic syndrome and a more acute presentation of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis and concomitant glomerulonephritis, as highlighted by the higher percentage of cellular crescents on kidney biopsy specimens in comparison with older patients. There is also a female preponderance in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis and more children present with tracheobroncholaryngeal disease. This article aims to summarize differences in the presentation of different glomerular diseases that are encountered commonly by pediatric and adult nephrologists and potential differences in the management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic influenced the management of patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis. A paucity of data exists on outcome of patients with vasculitis following COVID-19, but mortality is higher than in the general population and comparable to patients undergoing haemodialysis or kidney transplant recipients (reported mortality rates of 20–25%). Delays in diagnosis have been reported, which are associated with sequelae such as dialysis-dependency. Management of ANCA-associated vasculitis has not changed with the aim to suppress disease activity and reduce burden of disease. The use of rituximab, an important and widely used agent, is associated with a more severe hospital course of COVID-19 and absence of antibodies following severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 infections, which prone patients to re-infection. Reports on vaccine antibody response are scarce at the moment, but preliminary findings point towards an impaired immune response, especially when patients receive rituximab as part of their treatment. Seropositivity was reported in less than 20% of patients when rituximab was administered within the prior six months, and the antibody response correlated with CD19+ B-cell repopulation. A delay in maintenance doses, if disease activity allows, has been suggested using a CD19+ B-cell guided strategy. Other immunosuppressive measures, which are used in ANCA-associated vasculitis, also impair humoral and cellular vaccine responses. Regular measurements of vaccine response or a healthcare-policy time-based strategy are indicated to provide additional doses ("booster") of COVID-19 vaccines. This review summarizes a recent educational forum and a recent virtual meeting of the European Vasculitis Society (EUVAS) focusing on COVID-19. • A high proportion of patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis and COVID-19 have a severe disease course with an excess fatality rate. • Antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination is impaired in most patients receiving immunosuppression , and absent in most patients with a recent dose of rituximab. • Antibodies should be regularly monitored, and booster doses may be considered in those with low antibody titres , as neutralisation titres are per se reduced against emerging variants of concern and protection against COVID-19 directly relates to the level of antibody titres. • Patients should continue social distancing measures and vaccination of close contacts is of importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remdesivir has demonstrated clinical benefits in randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)1–4 and was first approved for COVID-19 patients.5 However, whether remdesivir causes gastrointestinal adverse drug reaction (GI-ADRs) including hepatotoxicity is less clear.1–4,6 Therefore, we aimed to detect a diverse spectrum of GI-ADRs associated with remdesivir using VigiBase, the World Health Organization's international pharmacovigilance database of individual case safety reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]