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CO2 flooding is recognized as an efficient method for enhancing shale oil recovery, while CO2-oil MMP (minimum miscibility pressure) in the micro-nanoscale is a crucial parameter. This paper presents a method for calculating the MMPs of pure hydrocarbons (C4H10, C6H14, C8H18, and C10H22) and CO2 systems in nanopores (3 nm to 10 nm) with temperature ranging from 290.15 K to 373.15 K. Firstly, we modify the Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR-EOS) by considering the influence of confinement effect and capillary pressure in nanopores. Secondly, the flash calculation algorithm is employed to determine whether the oil and gas phases in nanopores have reached an equilibrium state according to the equality of the fugacity of the two phases. Thirdly, we calculate the interfacial tension (IFT) between the two phases using the Macleod-Sugden equation. When the extrapolated IFT is zero, we treat the corresponding pressure as the MMP of the CO2-oil system in nanopores. Simulation results indicate that the calculated MMP using this method has a relative error of about 0.62% compared to the MMP calculated using the multiple mixing cell (MMC) method, indicating high reliability for MMP prediction. Moreover, the measured MMP at the nanoscale is generally smaller than that in the bulk phase due to the influence of the confinement effect. The MMP is positively correlated with the reservoir temperature, the carbon atom number in alkanes, and the nanopore radius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given multiple material performance advantages, ceramic matrix composite (CMC) material has become one of the most promising hot structural materials used for thermal protection system in hypersonic vehicles. Under harsh thermal exposure of vehicles in flight, the design of connection structure would be a critical issue in improving load-carrying efficiency and ensuring service safety of aircraft structures in service environments. However, little attention was paid on mechanical behavior and its factors affecting the mechanical property of CMC joining at elevated temperature. To address this concern, a 3D finite element model coupled with progressive damage analysis is carried out to predict high temperature tensile properties and failure behavior of single-lap, double-bolt CMC/superalloy joints assembled by two serial protruding-head bolts. In the implementation of progressive damage analysis of 2D plain-woven C/SiC composites, a user-defined subroutine UMAT including a nonlinear constitutive model, 3D Alvaro failure criterion and Tan's material degradation rule were embedded into the general package ABAQUS® through Fortran program interface. A parametric study considering geometries of joints was performed to evaluate their resultant influence on high temperature tensile behavior and the associated damage mechanisms for the CMC/superalloy double-bolt joint. New findings were provided for full exploitation of high performance through geometric design of ceramic matrix composite hot structure for hypersonic aircraft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Instant delivery is an intermediary bridge for same-city O2O services and an important part of urban short-distance logistics. The route planning and scheduling of instant delivery need to balance cost and customer satisfaction and consider the impact of traffic conditions on the distribution process. In this paper, we propose a vehicle routing problem model considering two types of customer time windows under time-dependent road networks and design a memetic algorithm combined with genetic algorithm and variable neighborhood search to solve the problem. By comparing the results of the different time periods and conducting sensitivity analysis for the two types of customer time windows, the effectiveness of the model and algorithm is verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the difficulties associated with the preservation and transmission of religious cultural resources and the difficulties encountered in the new development environment and background. It does so in light of the current state of religious, cultural resources. The protection, growth, and use of religious and cultural resources against the backdrop of the digital era are elaborated upon and critically analyzed in this article. Based on the foregoing discussion, this article conducts a thorough analysis of the development of a digital platform for religious and cultural resources and its big data analysis, and it also suggests an image feature extraction algorithm based on DL. This article develops a clustering CNN based on the network with PCA vector as convolution kernel, which clusters small images and computes principal component vectors according to categories, generating multiple groups of convolution kernels to extract more features so that the input image can select feature extractors adaptively. Simulation and comparative analysis are used in this article to confirm the algorithm's effectiveness. Compared to the conventional NN algorithm, simulation results indicate that this algorithm is more accurate, with a maximum accuracy of about 95.14 percent. It has some reference value for the research that will be done in relation to the creation of the next digital platform for religious and cultural resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The turn of contemporary visual culture has led to the expansion of the connotation and scope of visual communication design (VCD) education, the generation of new artistic concepts and forms, and the great changes in the subject education system. VCD instruction now has an enhanced teaching environment and operational platform because of the rapid advancement of digital technology. Digital technology is expected to break through traditional learning methods in the future and will be more widely integrated into VCD courses. A topic that must be addressed and explored in the reform and growth of VCD education is how to build a fairer and more inclusive college art education subject system. Therefore, it is particularly important to design a complete VCD teaching evaluation system. In this paper, artificial intelligence technology is applied to the teaching quality evaluation (TQE) system, and a scientific and reliable TQE model is obtained. The main works of this paper are as follows: (1) analyze the background and significance of TQE research, and systematically expound the domestic and foreign research status of TQE, genetic algorithm, and neural network. (2) Using an adaptive mutation evolutionary method, this research builds a TQE system for the VCD course and produces a BPNN model. The adaptive mutation genetic algorithm's convergence speed is considerably faster than the regular genetic algorithms, the optimized neural network's performance is also superior, and the model has a faster convergence time and better prediction accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of customized bus (CB) service intends to expand and elevate existing transit service, which offers an efficient and sustainable alternative to serve commuters. A probabilistic model is proposed to optimize CB service with mixed vehicle sizes in an urban setting considering stochastic bus arrival time and spatiotemporal demand, which minimizes total cost subject to bus capacity and time window constraints. The studied optimization problem is combinatorial with many decision variables including vehicle assignment, bus routes, timetables, and fleet size. A heuristic algorithm is developed, which integrates a hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) and adaptive destroy-and-repair (ADAR) method. The efficiency of HGA-ADAR is demonstrated through numerical comparisons to the solutions obtained by LINGO and HGA. Numerical instances are carried out, and the results suggested that the probabilistic model considering stochastic bus arrival time is valuable and can dramatically reduce the total cost and early and late arrival penalties. A case study is conducted in which the proposed model is applied to optimize a real-world CB service in Xi'an, China. The relationship between decision variables and model parameters is explored. The impacts of time window and variance of bus arrival time, which significantly affect service reliability, are analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To determine the role of sodium butyrate in intestinal inflammation via regulation of high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), we analyzed the potential mechanism in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in a neonatal mouse model. Methods. A NEC model was created with hypoxia and cold exposure and artificial overfeeding. C57BL/6 neonatal mice were randomized into three groups: the control, untreated NEC, and sodium butyrate (150 mM)-pretreated NEC groups. Pathological variations in ileocecal intestinal tissue were observed by HE staining and scored in a double-blind manner. The mRNA expression levels of HMGB1, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and inflammatory cytokines in intestinal tissues were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The protein levels of HMGB1 and associated cytokines in intestinal tissues were evaluated using ELISA. The relative protein expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB in intestinal tissues were quantified by western blot. Results. Sodium butyrate administration improved the body weight and survival rate of NEC mice; relieved intestinal pathological injury; reduced the intestinal expression of HMGB1, TLR4, NF-κB, interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α; and increased the intestinal expression of IL-10 (P < 0.05). Treatment with butyrate decreased the proportion of opportunistic Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Enterococcus and increased the proportion of beneficial Firmicutes and Lactobacillus in the NEC model. Conclusions. Sodium butyrate intervention relieves intestinal inflammation and partially corrects the disrupted intestinal flora in mice with NEC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CD3+CD56+ natural killer T (NKT)-like cells have an immune function of T cells and NK cells, which play an important role in antitumor and antiviral immune responses. This study aims to establish a CD3+CD56+ NKT-like cell model by simulating the memory NK effect induced by cytokines IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 (IL-12/15/18) and explore the formation mechanism. Our study found that the IL-12/15/18 preactivated CD3+CD56+ NKT-like cells exhibited enhanced IFN-γ production in response to restimulation with IL-12/15/18 for 6h on day 7. The intrinsic potential of these trained cells was significantly improved, showing an increase in IFN-γ, TNF-α, and cell proliferation potential. The IFN-γ release, granzyme B level, and proliferation ability significantly increased when stimulated by NK-cell-sensitive K562 tumor cells. Among these cytokines, the combination of IL-12/15/18 was particularly effective. After the preactivation of IL-12/15/18, some cell surface proteins related to function and differentiation, such as CD11b, CD62 L, NKp46, NKG2A, and CD127, showed an evident and consistent change trend. The CDK4/6 inhibitor can effectively weaken this effect, and the expression of cyclin D1, Rb protein phosphorylation, and E2F-1 decreased significantly. Our work revealed that cytokine IL-12/15/18 can induce CD3+CD56+ NKT-like cells to obtain enhanced training immunity, which was a memory-like phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

City image, as a public image, is the public's overall evaluation and cognition of the city, including concept image, behavior image, and visual image. The new media art is an interdisciplinary research field integrating art, informatics, and communication. It emerged and developed in the new media era and effectively reached the agreement of scientific and technological means and artistic expression. This paper expounds the concept and connotation of smart city informatization and then constructs a measurement model of smart city informatization construction level based on GCD_BPNN. The degree of satisfaction of city image communication in H city was measured, the index evaluation system of system satisfaction in H city was constructed, and the comprehensive satisfaction scale of cultural system in H city was formed. The research shows that the communication of city image in the future should focus on the virtual space and construct the cultural identity and psychological identity of city image from the user's point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl (Oleaceae) leaves are valuable sources of phillygenin. This study aimed to isolate phillygenin from F. suspensa leaves and examine its analgesic and anti‐inflammatory effects. Phillygenin was successfully extracted and isolated from F. suspensa leaves after fermentation. Phillygenin significantly reduced the number of writhing induced by acetic acid, prolonged the latency period in the hot plate test, and inhibited the xylene‐induced ear edema and carrageenan‐induced paw edema in mice. IL‐6, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, NO, and PGE2 levels in the carrageenan‐induced paw edema were notably reduced after pretreatment with phillygenin. Phillygenin significantly decreased the iNOS and COX‐2 protein expressions and the IκB‐α and NF‐κB p65 phosphorylation. This study demonstrated that phillygenin is a potential therapeutic candidate for managing pain and inflammation‐mediated disorders. The study contributes to the comprehensive development and utilization of F. suspensa leaves for economic and health care. Practical applications: Phillygenin is one of the major active ingredients in Forsythia suspensa. But the content of phillygenin in F. suspensa is very low which limits its application. Phillygenin has potential pharmacological activity and anti‐inflammatory properties. However, the potential effects of phillygenin on analgesic activity have not been clarified. Furthermore, the data on its anti‐inflammatory activity in vivo are relatively limited. This study evaluated the analgesic activity for the first time and the acute anti‐inflammatory effect of phillygenin from F. suspensa leaves by fermentation, which indicated phillygenin is a potential therapeutic candidate for managing pain and inflammation‐mediated disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. This meta-analysis was performed to identify the prognostic value of SLNCR1 in multiple cancer types. Methods. Electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Medline, BioMed Central, Springer, Science Direct, and China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), were searched for relevant studies up to August 2021, and the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to assess the relationship between SLNCR1 expression and overall survival (OS). Results. 12 studies with a total of 1155 patients with 9 different types of cancers were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled HR indicates that high SLNCR1 expression represented poorer prognosis of cancer (HR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.59–2.80, I2 = 0%, P < 0.00001). Additionally, high SLNCR1 expression was correlated with TNM stage (odds ratio (OR): 1.72, 95% CI: 1.08–2.74, I2 = 62%, P = 0.02), lymph node metastasis (LNM) (OR:2.42, 95% CI: 1.61–3.64, I2 = 55%, P < 0.0001), and distant metastases (DM) (OR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.50–3.55, I2 = 27%, P = 0.0002). However, no evidence was found for a relationship between SLNCR1 expression and clinical features such as tumor size (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 0.93–3.14, I2 = 71%, P = 0.09), age (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.68–1.08, I2 = 0%, P = 0.19), or gender (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.64–1.81, I2 = 55%, P = 0.79). Conclusion. Our findings found that high SLNCR1 expression was associated with poor OS, advanced tumor stage, tumor size, LNM, and DM in multiple cancers, indicating that SLNCR1 may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for cancer patients in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the large-scale search and rescue (S&R) scenarios, the centralized and distributed multi-UAV multitask assignment algorithms for multi-UAV systems have the problems of heavy computational load and massive communication burden, which make it hard to guarantee the effectiveness and convergence speed of their task assignment results. To address this issue, this paper proposes a hierarchical task assignment strategy. Firstly, a model decoupling algorithm based on density clustering and negotiation mechanism is raised to decompose the large-scale task assignment problem into several nonintersection and complete small-scale task assignment problems, which effectively reduces the required computational amount and communication cost. Then, a cluster head selection method based on multiattribute decision is put forward to select the cluster head for each UAV team. These cluster heads will communicate with the central control station about the latest assignment information to guarantee the completion of S&R mission. At last, considering that a few targets cannot be effectively allocated due to UAVs' limited and unbalanced resources, an auction-based task sharing scheme among UAV teams is presented to guarantee the mission coverage of the multi-UAV system. Simulation results and analyses comprehensively verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed hierarchical task assignment strategy in large-scale S&R scenarios with dispersed clustering targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]