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Smart cities consist of various energy systems and services that must be optimally scheduled to improve energy efficiency and reduce operation costs. The smart city layout comprises a power distribution system, a thermal energy system, a water system, and the private and public transportation systems. Additionally, several new technologies such as reconfiguration, regenerative braking energy of the metro, etc. are considered. This study is one of the first to consider all these technologies together in a smart city. The proposed power distribution system is a grid‐connected hybrid AC–DC microgrid. The biogeography‐based optimization algorithm was utilized to seek the best solution for scheduling micro‐turbines, fuel cells, heat pumps, desalination units, energy storage systems, AC–DC converters, purchasing power from the upstream, distributed energy resources, and transferring power amongst electric vehicle parking stations and metro for the next day. Also, the reduced unscented transformation layout was used to capture the system's uncertainty. The suggested layout is implemented on an enhanced IEEE 33‐bus test system to show the efficiency of the suggested method. The results show that costs and environmental pollution are reduced. By comparing the proposed smart city with other studies, the efficiency and completeness of the proposed smart city are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to examine cyber security issues related to smart grids (SGs), such as prior cyber‐attacks, possible vulnerability issues, and enhanced cyber‐security procedures for SGs on a technical and management basis. When designing public policies for SGs, it is important to consider both the motivations and obstacles to cyber protection and socio‐economic conditions. Furthermore, the importance of suggested policies is viewed from various perspectives. The present paper provides an assessment of a group of policies specified by various stakeholders as having the potential for developing SG cyber security. The methodology for the formation of such a group of policies includes a perfect examination of global experience and meetings with experts from various fields. Subsequently, such policies are evaluated using a Delphi questionnaire aimed at assessing their advantages in pursuing investment goals for cyber security. The first result is that every policy is considered a positive effect of all goals, different in the priority assigned to each of them. The policies that received the most attention were: "regulatory changes policy to foster innovation in cyber security of SGs," "regulation of new business models to improve cyber security and detect malicious attacks" and "establish a cyber‐security governance strategy." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, many countries are facing water shortage due to population increase as well as groundwater pollution. To overcome this problem, a variety of techniques have been developed and implemented, one of the most recent being the condensation of water from humid air. Aqueous vapour in the Earth's atmosphere includes a significant amount of water that could be used to supply potable water. One of the methods for condensing water vapour in humid air is to use thermoelectric coolers. In this study, production of potable water by thermoelectric coolers, which is one of the optimal methods for trapping moisture in order to produce fresh water by condensation, has been studied. Fundamental concepts in the design of thermoelectric coolers for the production of potable water have been discussed by the thermoelectric element. According to the specification of temperature, pressure, relative humidity and desired geographical location variables, the maximum amount of water production can be achieved. Modelling results demonstrate higher water production with the thermoelectric method for Ramsar (318 L) in comparison to Bandar‐Abbas. Similarly, for this geographical point, the proposed hybrid solar panels efficiency results in 62.67% by mid‐December with 49.33% on thermal efficiency and 13.33% on electrical efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]