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Pediatric intestinal development is immature, vulnerable to external influences and produce a variety of intestinal diseases. At present, breakthroughs have been made in the treatment of pediatric intestinal diseases, but there are still many challenges, such as toxic side effects, drug resistance, and the lack of more effective treatments and specific drugs. In recent years, dietary polyphenols derived from plants have become a research hotspot in the treatment of pediatric intestinal diseases due to their outstanding pharmacological activities such, as anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant and regulation of intestinal flora. This article reviewed the mechanism of action and clinical evidence of dietary polyphenols in the treatment of pediatric intestinal diseases, and discussed the influence of physiological characteristics of children on the efficacy of polyphenols, and finally prospected the new dosage forms of polyphenols in pediatrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel oxide (NiOX) has a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency and stability of p‐i‐n inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which hold great potential for commercialization. However, improving contact passivation between perovskites and NiOX is a challenge due to a hindered buried interface. In order to address this issue, self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) are introduced as a buffer layer to prevent direct contact and non‐radiative recombination. While, the large dipole moment of SAMs increases the work function of NiOX, which is crucial for enhancing hole transport performance, given the low interfacial potential barrier for hole transfer. By a combination of the first‐principles calculations, drive‐level capacitance profiling, and transient absorption spectrum characterization, the understanding of the ion‐dipole interactions and interface passivation mechanism of potassium fluoride (KF) ultra‐thin buffer layer between SAMs and perovskites is provided. The efficiency of inverted PSCs as high as 23.25% is obtained, and the unencapsulated devices kept 90% of initial efficiency following 1400 h aging under nitrogen, which demonstrate remarkable long‐term stability as well. This novel strategy highlights the significance of SAMs dipole moment at the NiOX/perovskites interface and provides a new approach to address buried interfaces for high‐efficiency and long‐term stability in inverted PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation (MOMP) plays a pivotal role in cellular death and immune activation. A deeper understanding of the impact of tumour MOMP on immunity will aid in guiding more effective immunotherapeutic strategies. Methods: A comprehensive pan‐cancer dataset comprising 30 cancer‐type transcriptomic cohorts, 20 immunotherapy transcriptomic cohorts and three immunotherapy scRNA‐seq datasets was collected and analysed to determine the influence of tumour MOMP activity on clinical prognosis, immune infiltration and immunotherapy effectiveness. Leveraging 65 scRNA‐Seq datasets, the MOMP signature (MOMP.Sig) was developed to accurately reflect tumour MOMP activity. The clinical predictive value of MOMP.Sig was explored through machine learning models. Integration of the MOMP.Sig model and a pan‐cancer immunotherapy CRISPR screen further investigated potential targets to overcome immunotherapy resistance, which subsequently underwent clinical validation. Results: Our research revealed that elevated MOMP activity reduces mortality risk in cancer patients, drives the formation of an anti‐tumour immune environment and enhances the response to immunotherapy. This finding emphasises the potential clinical application value of MOMP activity in immunotherapy. MOMP.Sig, offering a more precise indicator of tumour cell MOMP activity, demonstrated outstanding predictive efficacy in machine‐learning models. Moreover, with the assistance of the MOMP.Sig model, FOXO1 was identified as a core modulator that promotes immune resistance. Finally, these findings were successfully validated in clinical immunotherapy cohorts of skin cutaneous melanoma and triple‐negative breast cancer patients. Conclusions: This study enhances our understanding of MOMP activity in immune modulation, providing valuable insights for more effective immunotherapeutic strategies across diverse tumours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the freeze‐drying process of Rosa roxburghii Tratt powder and evaluate the bioactive compound and physicochemical properties of the powder produced under optimal conditions. The external properties of the three different encapsulating agents were compared. Based on this, we selected the appropriate enzyme and encapsulating agent and performed response surface process optimization. The thermodynamic analysis, particle size, ATR‐FTIR spectra, X‐ray diffraction, antioxidant properties, and inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase of R. roxburghii Tratt powders were characterized using super‐fine grinding powder as a control. The results showed that vacuum freeze‐dried powder exhibited 78.05% ± 6.24% scavenging rate of DPPH at 0.5 mg/mL and the inhibition rate of pancreatic lipase at 10 mg/mL was 74.53% ± 0.87%, and possessed significant antioxidant and hypolipidemic activities in vitro. This study provides a reference to the application of R. roxburghii Tratt powder in food and agriculture. Practical applications: As Rosa roxburghii Tratt juice is not easy to preserve and components with high nutritional value are easily lost during storage or transport, drying the fresh fruit is often used to extend shelf life and develop new products. Through the comparison and application of the encapsulating agents and enzymes, we successfully screened the suitable encapsulating agent and enzyme for the microencapsulation of R. roxburghii Tratt. After process optimization, powder characterization, antioxidant, and pancreatic lipase inhibition analyses, it was demonstrated that the R. roxburghii Tratt powder has a microencapsulation effect, a certain degree of crystallinity, exhibits excellent nutritional potential, and is stable to heat. This study provides a reference to the application of R. roxburghii Tratt powder in food and agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Floral patterns are unique to rice and contribute significantly to its reproductive success. SL1 encodes a C2H2 transcription factor that plays a critical role in flower development in rice, but the molecular mechanism regulated by it remains poorly understood. Here, we describe interactions of the SL1 with floral homeotic genes, SPW1, and DL in specifying floral organ identities and floral meristem fate. First, the sl1 spw1 double mutant exhibited a stamen‐to‐pistil transition similar to that of sl1, spw1, suggesting that SL1 and SPW1 may located in the same pathway regulating stamen development. Expression analysis revealed that SL1 is located upstream of SPW1 to maintain its high level of expression and that SPW1, in turn, activates the B‐class genes OsMADS2 and OsMADS4 to suppress DL expression indirectly. Secondly, sl1 dl displayed a severe loss of floral meristem determinacy and produced amorphous tissues in the third/fourth whorl. Expression analysis revealed that the meristem identity gene OSH1 was ectopically expressed in sl1 dl in the fourth whorl, suggesting that SL1 and DL synergistically terminate the floral meristem fate. Another meristem identity gene, FON1, was significantly decreased in expression in sl1 background mutants, suggesting that SL1 may directly activate its expression to regulate floral meristem fate. Finally, molecular evidence supported the direct genomic binding of SL1 to SPW1 and FON1 and the subsequent activation of their expression. In conclusion, we present a model to illustrate the roles of SL1, SPW1, and DL in floral organ specification and regulation of floral meristem fate in rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To deal with the problems of low positioning accuracy and poor stability caused by model parameter uncertainty and external disturbances in the remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dynamic positioning control system, the adaptive fuzzy control is combined with a disturbance observer to estimate the lumped disturbances and the error compensation mechanism is introduced to design the ROV dynamic positioning controller based on the finite‐time command filter. The combination of finite‐time command filter control and the backstepping method ensures that the positioning error converges to a smaller neighborhood near zero in finite time. The stability of the closed‐loop system is demonstrated according to the Lyapunov stability theory. The simulation results show that a 13% performance improvement over traditional backstepping methods is achieved by the designed controller, effectively suppressing system lumped disturbances and achieving fast and accurate positioning of the desired positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep learning techniques have been applied to medical image segmentation and demonstrated expert‐level performance. Due to the poor generalization abilities of the models in the deployment in different centres, common solutions, such as transfer learning and domain adaptation techniques, have been proposed to mitigate this issue. However, these solutions necessitate retraining the models with target domain data and annotations, which limits their deployment in clinical settings in unseen domains. We evaluated the performance of domain generalization methods on the task of MRI segmentation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) by collecting a new dataset of 321 patients with manually annotated MRIs from two hospitals. We transformed the modalities of MRI, including T1WI, T2WI and CE‐T1WI, from the spatial domain to the frequency domain using Fourier transform. To address the bottleneck of domain generalization in MRI segmentation of NPC, we propose a meta‐learning approach based on frequency domain feature mixing. We evaluated the performance of MFNet against existing techniques for generalizing NPC segmentation in terms of Dice and MIoU. Our method evidently outperforms the baseline in handling the generalization of NPC segmentation. The MF‐Net clearly demonstrates its effectiveness for generalizing NPC MRI segmentation to unseen domains (Dice = 67.59%, MIoU = 75.74% T1W1). MFNet enhances the model's generalization capabilities by incorporating mixed‐feature meta‐learning. Our approach offers a novel perspective to tackle the domain generalization problem in the field of medical imaging by effectively exploiting the unique characteristics of medical images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the leading allergic diseases worldwide. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) induces persistent specific allergen tolerance to achieve remission of the symptoms in AR patients. We creatively conducted the intra‐cervical lymphatic immunotherapy (ICLIT) for AR patients. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of immune cell response of AIT in AR remains elusive. Method: To investigate the transcriptome profile in AR patients who underwent ICLIT, we comprehensively investigated the transcriptional changes in B cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of AR patient by single‐cell RNA sequencing. Immunoglobulins and relative key gene, which influences the B cell differentiation, was demonstrated. The biomarkers' association with different types of tumors was investigated. Results: Naive B cells, germinal center B cells, activated memory B cells, and memory B cells constituted the B cells subsets. The expression of IGHE, IGHGs, IGHA, IGHD, and IGHM from memory B cells was validated. Pseudotime analysis further indicated the dynamic change from the expression of the immunoglobulins in the memory B cells, suggesting that ITGB1 may contribute to the differentiation procedure of memory B cells. The cell–cell communication among these immune cells demonstrated the significantly enhanced CD23, BTLA signaling after ICLIT in AR patient. ITGB1 was upregulated in 13 tumors and downregulated in six others. High ITGB1 expression was linked to poor prognosis in eight types of tumors. ITGB1 expression showed correlations with tumor mutation burden, tissue purity, and microsatellite instability in different types of tumors. Discussion: ITGB1 was demonstrated as a potential biomarker for AR patients after ICLIT and is significant in identifying immune infiltration in tumor tissue and predicting tumor prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multilevel encoding (MLE) scheme is an effective method for improving the anticounterfeiting encryption capabilities of physically unclonable functions (PUFs). However, owing to the correlation between encoding layers, the encoding capacity (EC) is difficult to improve by orders of magnitude. Herein, four noncorrelated structures in the diamond crystal structure (carbon–carbon single bond, defect luminescence structures, spin structures, and electron energy distribution structures) are considered for MLE. First, the microdiamonds containing nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) color centers are embedded into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to fabricate PUFs. Using an optical imaging system, four codable images of four noncorrelated structures are read. The noncorrelation of the four‐level encoding structure is verified by calculating the Hamming distance (0.496 ± 0.02). The results show that EC exponentially improves to 24×10 000/(100 pixels)2. Furthermore, the encoding method based on the energy level does not depend on physical structure parameters, such as the size and position of the spin structure. Thus, it is protected from structural modeling attacks, resulting in high security. Moreover, PUF labels based on PDMS flexible substrates can be employed for various flexible applications. In the proposed scheme, the information is encrypted by a four‐level two‐dimensional (2D) barcode and decoded by self‐developed PUF authentication software. The proposed scheme presents a way for developing next‐generation PUFs with super‐high EC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary The N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA modification is crucial for plant development and stress responses. In rice, the male sterility resulting from the deficiency of OsFIP37, a core component of m6A methyltransferase complex, emphasizes the significant role of m6A in male fertility. m6A is reversible and can be removed by m6A demethylases. However, whether mRNA m6A demethylase regulates male fertility in rice has remained unknown. Here, we identify the mRNA m6A demethylase OsALKBH9 and demonstrate its involvement in male fertility regulation. Knockout of OsALKBH9 causes male sterility, dependent on its m6A demethylation activity. Cytological analysis reveals defective tapetal programmed cell death (PCD) and excessive accumulation of microspores exine in Osalkbh9‐1. Transcriptome analysis of anthers shows up‐regulation of genes involved in tapetum development, sporopollenin synthesis, and transport pathways in Osalkbh9‐1. Additionally, we demonstrate that OsALKBH9 demethylates the m6A modification in TDR and GAMYB transcripts, which affects the stability of these mRNAs and ultimately leads to excessive accumulation of pollen exine. Our findings highlight the precise control of mRNA m6A modification and reveal the pivotal roles played by OsALKBH9‐mediated m6A demethylation in tapetal PCD and pollen exine accumulation in rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stainless steel (SS) foils have successful flexible device applications because of their excellent high‐temperature performance and commercial availability, and they are widely used as flexible substrate materials for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells. The method used to control metal impurities is crucial for producing high‐quality cells. Herein, CIGS precursor films are deposited on SS foils coated with a SiOx/Ti compound barrier layer by sputtering a CIGS quaternary target. The absorber layer is recrystallized at a high annealing temperature (≈600 °C). The relationship between cell performance and SiOx layer processes is investigated. The diffusion of Fe and Cr in the annealed films is influenced by SiOx layer processes. The proposed CIGS flexible cells obtain better conversion efficiency when thicker SiOx layers are deposited at high sputtering powers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rebuttal to the proposal to conserve Selaginella, nom. cons., with a conserved type is submitted. We further discuss why this proposal is unwarranted and disruptive to nomenclatural stability as is the intention to split Selaginella since potentially segregated genera fail to reconcile monophyly and taxonomic diagnosability. Accordingly, we recommend the rejection of the Proposal (2943) and not to follow the dismembering of Selaginella. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various forms of programmed cell death (PCD) exhibit distinct characteristics depending on their specific molecular mechanisms, and there are interactions among these different forms. Ferroptosis, which is related to autophagy and apoptosis, has an unknown potential interaction with pyroptosis. This study revealed a mutually antagonistic relationship between ferroptosis and pyroptosis, with 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) playing a key role in their interaction. It is found that HMGCR predominantly localized to mitochondria during ferroptosis but shifted to the endoplasmic reticulum following treatment with a pyroptosis inducer. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that BRCC36 (BRCA1/BRCA2‐containing complex subunit 36) deubiquitinated HMGCR in a manner dependent on deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) activity, and inhibited ferroptosis and promoted pyroptosis. Moreover, as an oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), BRCC36 promoted cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor growth. Thiolutin, an inhibitor of BRCC36, effectively suppressed the interaction between BRCC36 and HMGCR, leading to the inhibition of HCC growth. Therefore, targeting BRCC36 can offer a novel and promising therapeutic strategy for HCC treatment. In conclusion, these findings provide new theoretical evidence for further characterizing tumor heterogeneity and offer new molecular targets for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hafnia‐based ceramic coating is considered one of the candidates to substitute yttria partially stabilized zirconia material as thermal barrier coating working above 1200°C. In this work, a series of TiO2‐doped HfO2 ceramics (Hf1–xTixO2, x = 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 40%) were fabricated by solid‐state reaction. The microstructure, fracture toughness, and thermal conductivity were systematically investigated. The results show that Hf1–xTixO2 ceramics are comprised of monoclinic HfO2 and orthorhombic HfTiO4 phases when Ti4+ doping amount is between 5% and 20%, and the weight fraction of HfTiO4 phase linearly increases with the Ti4+ content and finally reaches 100% for Hf0.6Ti0.4O2. The fracture toughness of TiO2‐doped HfO2 ceramic is higher than 1.75 MPa m.5 when TiO2 content is no more than 15% and decreases below 1.5 MPa m0.5 if TiO2 content further increases. The thermal conductivity is significantly decreased by TiO2 doping attributed to the precipitated HfTiO4 phase. Considering the mechanical properties and thermal insulation capacity, the doping of 15% TiO2 would be beneficial for the HfO2‐based ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The efficacy and safety of the novel immunotherapy method, intra‐cervical lymphatic immunotherapy (ICLIT), need to be investigated. Comparing it with subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT), we clarified the long‐term efficacy and safety of intra‐cervical lymphatic immunotherapy on allergic rhinitis (AR), and investigated the improvement of clinical efficacy of the booster injection at 1 year after ICLIT treatment. Methods: Ninety adult patients with dust mite allergy were randomly divided into 3 groups: 30 in the SCIT group, 30 in the ILCLIT group, and 30 in ICLIT booster group. Changes in total symptom score (TSS), nasal symptom score (TNSS), ocular symptom score (TOSS) and total medication score (TMS) were evaluated in the three groups. Adverse reactions were recorded, and serum dust mite specific IgE (sIgE) and specific IgG4 were assessed in the ICLIT group and ICLIT booster group. Results: TSS, TNSS, TOSS, and TMS scores were significantly lower in the three groups at 36 months after treatment (p < 0. 05). And at 36 months the ICLIT‐booster group showed results similar to SCIT and superior to ICLIT (p < 0. 05). Serum specific IgE decreased in all three groups at 12 and 36 months after treatment, p < 0.01. The ICLIT group and the ICLIT booster group showed a significant increase in sIgG4, p < 0.01. None of the patients in the three groups had any serious systemic adverse effects during the 3‐year follow‐up. Conclusion: The ICLIT treatment is effective and safe on AR. One booster injection of allergens at 1 year can greatly improve its long‐term efficacy. Trial Registry: Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR1800017130. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The lung has a sophisticated microbiome, and respiratory illnesses are greatly influenced by the lung microbiota. Despite the fact that numerous studies have shown that lung cancer patients have a dysbiosis as compared to healthy people, more research is needed to explore the association between the microbiota dysbiosis and immune profile within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Methods: In this study, we performed metagenomic sequencing of tumor and normal tissues from 61 non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and six patients with other lung diseases. In order to characterize the impact of the microbes in TME, the cytokine concentrations of 24 lung tumor and normal tissues were detected using a multiple cytokine panel. Results: Our results showed that tumors had lower microbiota diversity than the paired normal tissues, and the microbiota of NSCLC was enriched in Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. In addition, proinflammatory cytokines such as IL‐8, MIF, TNF‐ α, and so on, were significantly upregulated in tumor tissues. Conclusion: We discovered a subset of bacteria linked to host inflammatory signaling pathways and, more precisely, to particular immune cells. We determined that lower airway microbiome dysbiosis may be linked to the disruption of the equilibrium of the immune system causing lung inflammation. The spread of lung cancer may be linked to specific bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In recent years, a series of clinical guidelines on neonatal hypoglycemia have been developed in different countries and regions. This systematic review was aimed at providing evidence for clinical decision‐making and providing ideas for future research by comparatively analyzing the contents of various guidelines. Methods: A multilateral approach was used, including comprehensive literature searches and online research. The retrieved studies were screened by two independent reviewers according to our inclusion criteria. The two reviewers independently extracted the descriptive data. Four appraisers assessed the guidelines using the AGREE‐II instrument. Results: Ten clinical guidelines on neonatal hypoglycemia were included, with a mean score of 45.28%–83.45% in six domains. The guidelines are relatively consistent in their recommendations on clinical symptoms of neonatal hypoglycemia, but different in risk factors, preventive measures, thresholds for clinical management of hypoglycemia, target glucose ranges for its control, and pharmacotherapy. Conclusion: By summarising the recommendations in the guidelines on neonatal hypoglycemia, we found that blood glucose values were not the only observational indicator, and other indicators (e.g., ketone bodies, lactate) related to glucose metabolism should also be considered for a comprehensive assessment. There is still a lack of consensus on thresholds for the clinical management of hypoglycemia and target glucose ranges for its control, and the recommendations on its pharmacotherapy are rather simple and sketchy. In the future, more high‐quality studies are required to further improve the early identification of neonatal hypoglycemia and intervention strategies against it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a devastating complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and is the most prevalent chronic kidney disease (CKD). Poricoic acid A (PAA), a component isolated from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Poria cocos, has hypoglycaemic and anti‐fibrosis effects. However, the role of PAA in DKD remains largely unclear. To mimics an in vitro model of DKD, the mouse podocyte MPC5 cells were treated with high glucose (25 mM; HG) for 24 h. CCK‐8 and flow cytometry assays were conducted for assessing MPC5 cell viability and apoptosis. Meanwhile, streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce experimental DKD in mice by intraperitoneal injection. PAA notably inhibited the apoptosis and inflammation, reduced the generation of ROS, and elevated the MMP level in HG‐treated MPC5 cells. Moreover, PAA obviously reduced blood glucose and urine protein levels, inhibited renal fibrosis in DKD mice. Meanwhile, PAA markedly increased LC3 and ATG5 levels and declined p62 and FUNDC1 levels in HG‐treated MPC5 cells and in the kidney tissues of DKD mice, leading to the activation of cell mitophagy. Furthermore, the downregulation of FUNDC1 also inhibited apoptosis, inflammation, and promoted mitophagy in HG‐treated MPC5 cells. As expected, the knockdown of FUNDC1 further enhanced the protective role of PAA in MPC5 cells following HG treatment, indicating that induction of mitophagy could attenuate podocyte injury. Collectively, PAA could exert beneficial effects on podocyte injury in DKD by promoting mitophagy via downregulating FUNDC1. These findings suggested that PAA may have great potential in alleviating kidney injury in DKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: We aim to explore the role and mechanism of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in coronary endothelial cells and angiogenesis in infarcted hearts. Methods and results: Seven days after rat myocardial infarction (MI) was prepared by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, the left cervical vagus nerve was treated with electrical stimulation 1 h after intraperitoneal administration of the α7‐nicotinic acetylcholine inhibitor mecamylamine or the mAChR inhibitor atropine or 3 days after local injection of Ad‐shSDF‐1α into the infarcted heart. Cardiac tissue acetylcholine (ACh) and serum ACh, tumour necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) levels were detected by ELISA to determine whether VNS was successful. An inflammatory injury model in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) was established by lipopolysaccharide and identified by evaluating TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 levels and tube formation. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to evaluate CD31‐positive vessel density and stromal cell‐derived factor‐l alpha (SDF‐1α) expression in the MI heart in vivo and the expression and distribution of SDF‐1α, C‐X‐C motif chemokine receptor 4 and CXCR7 in HCAECs in vitro. Western blotting was used to detect the levels of SDF‐1α, V‐akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT), phosphorylated AKT (pAKT), specificity protein 1 (Sp1) and phosphorylation of Sp1 in HCAECs. Left ventricular performance, including left ventricular systolic pressure, left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure and rate of the rise and fall of ventricular pressure, should be evaluated 28 days after VNS treatment. VNS was successfully established for MI therapy with decreases in serum TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 levels and increases in cardiac tissue and serum ACh levels, leading to increased SDF‐1α expression in coronary endothelial cells of MI hearts, triggering angiogenesis of MI hearts with increased CD31‐positive vessel density, which was abolished by the m/nAChR inhibitors mecamylamine and atropine or knockdown of SDF‐1α by shRNA. ACh promoted SDF‐1α expression and its distribution along with the branch of the formed tube in HCAECs, resulting in an increase in the number of tubes formed in HCAECs. ACh increased the levels of pAKT and phosphorylation of Sp1 in HCAECs, resulting in inducing SDF‐1α expression, and the specific effects could be abolished by mecamylamine, atropine, the PI3K/AKT blocker wortmannin or the Sp1 blocker mithramycin. Functionally, VNS improved left ventricular performance, which could be abolished by Ad‐shSDF‐1α. Conclusions: VNS promoted angiogenesis to repair the infarcted heart by inducing SDF‐1α expression and redistribution along new branches during angiogenesis, which was associated with the m/nAChR‐AKT‐Sp1 signalling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a frequency measurement method for spatial microwave signals with solid‐state atom resonance, performing measurements based on the burnt hole in spectrum with two microwave fields acting on nitrogen vacancies (NVs) simultaneously. The population on |0⟩ of the NV color center in the ground state affected by the resonance of two microwave fields with similar frequencies responds excellently to external microwave frequencies, and a phenomenon named hole burning occurs. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the resonant peak at the hole is 18.9 kHz. When microwaves of different frequencies are applied, the resonant peak precisely follows the signal frequency in the experiment. Subsequently, the resonant peak is processed using the differential method to obtain a frequency measurement error on the order of 100 Hz. The spatial resolution of this method is within the millimeter scale. This study can provide technical support for applications in microwave frequency measurement and spatial mapping with quantum precision measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The critical frequency of ionospheric F2 layer (foF2) is an important ionospheric characteristic parameter. In this paper, a deep learning model based on Bidirectional long short‐term memory (BiLSTM) and attention mechanism is implemented for predicting the foF2 parameter. The inputs of models are the foF2 of globally available ionospheric ionosonde stations, geographic longitude and latitude, world time (UT), geomagnetic activity index, and solar activity index from 2015 to 2017. The superiority of the model is analyzed from different latitudes, seasons, and geomagnetic conditions. The results show that the prediction performance of the Bidirectional long short‐term memory model based on attention mechanism (BiLSTM‐Attention) is better than other models. The performance of the prediction model is optimal at high latitudes. The root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (R) of the BiLSTM‐Attention model are 0.539 MHZ and 0.908 MHz at high latitudes, respectively. In terms of RMSE, it is 25.243%, 18.209%, and 11.203% lower than those of the international reference ionosphere (IRI), LSTM, and BiLSTM models, respectively. The prediction results of the four seasons show that the models are more applicable in winter. Compared with the IRI model, the RMSE of the BiLSTM‐Attention model in spring, summer, autumn, and winter is reduced by 24.344%, 21.181%, 25.058%, and 30.948%, respectively. The prediction effect of the BiLSTM‐Attention model is improved in the magnetic quiet period, the magnetic moderate period and the magnetic storm period. Also, the improvement effect is more obvious in the magnetostatic day, and the RMSE is reduced by 27.462% compared with the IRI model. Plain Language Summary: The critical frequency of ionospheric F2 layer (foF2) is an important parameter to characterize the variability of the ionosphere. In this study, we present an effective method to predict the foF2 based on ionosonde stations distributed around the world. The inputs to these models are the foF2 values, geographic longitude and latitude, world time (UT), geomagnetic activity index, and solar activity index from 2015 to 2017. Compared with the international reference ionosphere (IRI‐2016) model, long short‐term memory (LSTM) model, and Bidirectional long short‐term memory (BiLSTM) model, the Bidirectional long short‐term memory model based on attention mechanism (BiLSTM‐Attention) can achieve better performance under different latitudes, seasons and geomagnetic conditions. Key Points: The Bidirectional long short‐term memory (BiLSTM)‐Attention model is first used to predict the foF2 based on ionosonde stations distributed around the worldGeomagnetic activity index and solar activity index are added for the foF2 prediction of these modelsThe BiLSTM‐Attention prediction model shows better performance than the IRI‐2016, LSTM, and BiLSTM prediction models under different latitudes, seasons and geomagnetic conditions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the use of machine learning methods to predict intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm infants. IVH is a common complication of preterm birth and is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. The study used electronic medical records and antenatal data to develop a predictive model for IVH. The model achieved good accuracy and stability, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.88. The study identified several important risk factors for IVH, including gestational age, birth weight, hepatitis B and C infection, and red cell distribution width. However, the study has limitations, including being a single-center study and potential selection bias. Further research is needed to validate and improve the predictive model. [Extracted from the article]

The fragile bottom side of perovskite films is demonstrated to be harmful to the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because the carrier extraction and recombination can be significantly influenced by the easily formed strain, voids, and defects on the bottom side. Nevertheless, the bottom side of perovskite films is usually overlooked because it remains a challenge to directly characterize and modify the bottom side. Herein, a facile and effective strategy is reported to stabilize the bottom side via preburying cesium formate (CsFo) into the SnO2 electron transport layer (ETL). It is found that the synergistic effect of cesium cation (Cs+) and formate anion (HCOO−) causes strain relaxation, void elimination, and defects' reduction, which further facilitate the charge extraction. Consequently, the champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of formamidinium (FA)‐based PSCs is increased from 23.34% to 24.50%. Meanwhile, the ultraviolet (UV), thermal, and operational stability are also enhanced. Finally, formamidinium–cesium (FACs)‐based PSCs are investigated to confirm the effectiveness of this preburied CsFo strategy, and the optimal device exhibits a champion PCE of 25.03% and a remarkably high fill factor (FF) of 85.65%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With their high specific modulus, high specific strength and designability, fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have replaced or surpassed traditional metallic materials in a wide range of applications. However, the polymer matrix of commonly used FRP composites is usually a thermosetting polymer that is difficult to rework once formed, which implants a substantial challenge for the repair and recycling of composites. Self‐repair, as an emerging method of repairing polymer‐based materials, has the advantages of simplification, high efficiency and repeatability against traditional repair methods. Research on self‐healing polymer materials is developing rapidly and becoming more systematic. With the development of self‐healing polymer, polymer‐based composites with self‐healing capabilities are becoming possible. This paper reviews the current development of self‐healing polymers in recent years, with specific emphasis on their applications in FRP composites. According to the difference in healing mechanisms, the self‐healing polymer composites are split into two categories, intrinsic and extrinsic ones. The essential concepts and different types of intrinsic and extrinsic self‐healing composites are first introduced. Then, their pros and cons are discussed, respectively. Finally, the perspectives of intrinsic as well as extrinsic self‐healing FRP composites are put forward. Highlights: Development of self‐healing fiber‐reinforced polymer composites.Extrinsic and intrinsic self‐healing fiber‐reinforced polymer composites.Pros and cons of self‐healing fiber‐reinforced polymer composites.Perspectives of self‐healing fiber‐reinforced polymer composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy, which is important in noninvasive respiratory support, is increasingly being used in critically ill neonates with respiratory failure because it is comfortable, easy to setup, and has a low incidence of nasal trauma. The advantages, indications, and risks of HFNC have been the focus of research in recent years, resulting in the development of the application. Based on current evidence, we developed guidelines for HFNC in neonates using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). The guidelines were formulated after extensive consultations with neonatologists, respiratory therapists, nurse specialists, and evidence‐based medicine experts. We have proposed 24 recommendations for 9 key questions. The guidelines aim to be a source of evidence and reference of HFNC oxygen therapy in clinical practice, and so that more neonates and their families will benefit from HFNC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an algorithm of computing the robust viability kernel for discrete‐time switched systems with arbitrary switching rule and bounded disturbance based on the robust one‐step set and Pontryagin difference. The algorithm can be implemented by performing the relevant set computations using polyhedral algebra and computational geometry software when switched systems are linear. In addition, we propose a method of computing inner approximation of the robust viability kernel for switched systems based on the set theory. The convergence of the iterative algorithm is proved using a null controllable set. Finally, two examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study is to explore the status quo of foot pruritus and related factors in elderly diabetics and provide a reference for targeted preventive measures. The study involved a survey using a self‐designed foot pruritus assessment scale to understand the status quo of foot pruritus among 411 cases of elderly diabetics from 5 communities in Shanghai. The morbidity rate of foot pruritus in elderly diabetics in the community was 20.1%. Good self‐management behaviour was the protective factor, while diabetic peripheral neuropathy, hyperlipidemia, and dry skin were risk factors (all P < 0.05). The incidence of foot pruritus in elderly diabetics was high and influenced by several factors. We recommend that self‐management behaviour of patients be improved. Additionally, screening and interventions to address hyperlipidemia, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and dry skin should be conducted regularly to prevent diabetic foot ulcers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai volcanic eruption on 15 January 2022 had a significant impact on the ionosphere‐thermosphere system, resulting in large‐scale ionospheric irregularities with longitudinal and latitudinal asymmetries. Multiple instruments recorded these irregularities, indicating the propagation of a westward wave at an average velocity of 354 ± 8 m/s, which led to plasma irregularities of 0.2 TECu/min. Conversely, an eastward‐propagating wave was detected on the Pacific's east coast, traveling at a speed of 348 ± 6 m/s, with a corresponding decrease in plasma fluctuations to 0.1 TECu/min. In Asia, noticeable plasma irregularities appeared within a few hours after the eruption, and the maximum speed exceeded 1,100 m/s, which cannot be explained by the acoustic wave model. There was also a significant latitudinal asymmetry of ionospheric disturbances in the Asian‐Oceania sector, with the plasma density around Oceania depleted by 2–3 orders of magnitude within the altitudes of ∼150–575 km, while the ion density over Asia was enhanced by 1–2 orders of magnitude, and was uplifted ∼50 km. The plasma temperature was proportional to ion density, indicating the ion temperature reduced ∼500 K and increased 100–200 K around Oceania and Asia, respectively. The equatorial electric field, vertical E × B drifts and thermospheric O/N2 density ratio also fluctuated significantly following the eruption, indicating the redistribution of charged particles due to the magnetic field mapping effect, which was the main contributor to the asymmetries observed. Plain Language Summary: The Tonga eruption sent huge amounts of atmospheric waves around the world and a plume of ash into the atmosphere. As the largest atmospheric explosion in recorded history, it attracted scientists' attention. We focus on the ionospheric response to the eruption over the Circle‐Pacific regions using multiple space and ground based techniques. The results indicate the plasma irregularities triggered by the eruption were asymmetric in longitudinal and latitudinal directions. Propagation velocity and magnitude of plasma irregularities on the west coast of the Pacific were higher than those on the east coast. Notably, in Asia, plasma irregularities were observed much earlier than the arrival of volcanic‐induced atmospheric waves, with a maximum speed of over 1,100 m/s. The eruption also triggered total electron content depletion, with a reduction of 2–3 orders of magnitude around Oceania. At the same time, there was a significant increase in plasma density in the Asian sector, with an increment of 1–2 orders of magnitude. The fluctuations in ion temperature, equatorial electric field, vertical E × B drifts, and thermospheric O/N2 density ratio were also observed following the eruption, and the redistribution of charged particles associated with the magnetic field mapping effect was identified as the primary driver of these asymmetries. Key Points: Propagation velocity and magnitude of plasma irregularities on the west coast of the Pacific were higher than those on the east coastVolcanic eruption resulted in a depletion of plasma density and temperature around Oceania, while enhancing them in the Asian sectorRedistribution of charged particles caused by the mapping effect has been identified as the primary driver of ionospheric asymmetries [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A whispering gallery mode resonator (WGMR) with a high‐quality factor and large coupling spectrum width can enhance the interaction of matter and lightwave by several orders of magnitude in a large bandwidth range. The performance of the resonator determines the accuracy and range of terahertz (THz) sensing. However, the quality factors of the reported THz WGMRs are highly limited by the high absorption loss of materials within THz spectral range. The coupling spectrum width is usually limited by the coupling structure. In this paper, an on‐chip THz whispering gallery mode resonator based on multislot waveguide and gradual coupling structure is proposed. By increasing the evanescent field of guided wave mode, the absorption loss in the resonator is significantly reduced. Through gradual coupling structure, resonance curves are more uniform within a wide spectrum. The simulation results show that the structure can improve the instinct quality factor of the THz resonator to the order of 104 $1{0}^{4}$ when the bending radius is as small as 2mm. At the same time, sensitivity is increased by more than six times and uniform resonance curves are achieved from 0.45~0.55 $0.45\unicode{x0007E}0.55$THz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Genetic testing plays an important role in guiding screening, diagnosis, and precision treatment of breast cancer (BC). However, the appropriate genetic testing criteria remain controversial. The current study aims to facilitate the development of suitable strategies by analyzing the germline mutational profiles and clinicopathological features of large‐scale Chinese BC patients. Methods: BC patients who had undergone genetic testing at the Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) from September 2014 to March 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Different screening criteria were applied and compared in the population cohort. Results: A total of 1035 BC patients were enrolled, 237 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (P/LPV) were identified in 235 patients, including 41 out of 203 (19.6%) patients tested only for BRCA1/2 genes, and 194 out of 832 (23.3%) received 21 genes panel testing. Among the 235 P/LPV carriers, 222 (94.5%) met the NCCN high‐risk criteria, and 13 (5.5%) did not. While using Desai's criteria of testing, all females diagnosed with BC by 60 years and NCCN criteria for older patients, 234 (99.6%) met the high‐risk standard, and only one did not. The 21 genes panel testing identified 4.9% of non‐BRCA P/LPVs and a significantly high rate of variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) (33.9%). The most common non‐BRCA P/LPVs were PALB2 (11, 1.3%), TP53 (10, 1.2%), PTEN (3, 0.4%), CHEK2 (3, 0.4%), ATM (3, 0.4%), BARD1 (3, 0.4%), and RAD51C (2, 0.2%). Compared with BRCA1/2 P/LPVs, non‐BRCA P/LPVs showed a significantly low incidence of NCCN criteria listed family history, second primary cancer, and different molecular subtypes. Conclusions: Desai's criteria might be a more appropriate genetic testing strategy for Chinese BC patients. Panel testing could identify more non‐BRCA P/LPVs than BRCA1/2 testing alone. Compared with BRCA1/2 P/LPVs, non‐BRCA P/LPVs exhibited different personal and family histories of cancer and molecular subtype distributions. The optimal genetic testing strategy for BC still needs to be investigated with larger continuous population studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non‐invasive light‐based antibacterial therapy has a good prospect in non‐surgical treatment of peri‐implant infections. However, its applications are severely limited by poor penetration of light into human tissues, leading to unsatisfying outcomes. Moreover, as an essential prerequisite for traditional light therapy, lasers can no longer meet the patients' needs for convenient treatment at any time. To break through the spatial and temporal limitations of traditional light therapy, a wireless‐powered blue‐light zirconia implant for readily available treatment of peri‐implant infection is proposed. In space, complete irradiation to complex peri‐implant structure is realized by the built‐in wireless‐powered light source, thus improving the efficacy. In time, wireless‐powering allows timely and controllable anti‐infection treatment. Blue micro‐light emitting diodes are used as therapeutic light sources, which effectively kill peri‐implant infection‐related bacteria without exogenous photosensitive agents. Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm on implant surface can be completely killed after 20 min irradiation in vitro. The bactericidal rate of peri‐implant methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection reaches 99.96 ± 0.03% under 30 min per day blue light exposure in vivo. Within the scope of this study, the treatment of peri‐implant infection with blue‐light implant has preliminary feasibility, giving a new approach to non‐invasive treatment of deep oral infections, including peri‐implant infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Color‐tunable room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) luminescent materials with stimuli‐responsive properties are highly desirable for practical applications, but the fundamental design principles still need further exploitation. Herein, we report on the extended red‐shifted multicolor RTP afterglow from blue to orange, including white light, offered by a series of newly designed supramolecular polymers based on 1‐([2‐methylallyl]oxy)pyrene phosphor‐containing guest polymers and β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD)/γ‐CD host molecules. RTP enhancement is efficiently realized, attributing to the strong restriction on the dimeric pyrene units by the host–guest inclusion complexation of CDs and the multiple interactions amongst polymer matrices and phosphorescent moieties. Interestingly, a more comprehensive blue‐shifted color tuning range is also enabled upon introducing pH‐sensitive fragments due to the self‐assembly of the ternary polymers aided by ionic bonding. Notably, optimized intelligent multicolor RTP systems induced by altered external stimuli, including concentration, irradiation, and pH, are established, showing great potential in developing stimuli‐responsive luminescent materials for practical applications. In addition, theoretical calculations are conducted to elucidate diverse emission mechanisms of pyrene units in different assembly states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A machine learning‐based microwave spectrum detection method based on the nitrogen vacancy (NV) color centers in diamonds is proposed. The functional relationship between the fluorescence spectrum and standard microwave spectrum is established. The response matrix is calculated using the Tikhonov regularization technique, and an unknown microwave spectrum is reconstructed. Diamond particles with a size of only 5 × 5 μm2 are placed in the microfluidic structures. Consequently, the frequency detection range of the microwave spectrum is from 2.892 to 6.214 GHz with a resolution of 22 kHz. The proposed research opens new paths for microwave spectrum detection and imaging at the microscopic scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report a manganese‐catalyzed three‐component coupling of secondary alcohols, primary alcohols and methanol for the synthesis of β,β‐methylated/alkylated secondary alcohols. Using our method, a series of 1‐arylethanol, benzyl alcohol derivatives, and methanol undergo sequential coupling efficiently to construct assembled alcohols with high chemoselectivity in moderate to good yields. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds via methylation of a benzylated secondary alcohol intermediate to generate the final product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mRNA modification N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) plays vital roles in plant development and biotic and abiotic stress responses. The RNA m6A demethylase ALKBH9B can remove m6A in alfalfa mosaic virus RNA and plays roles in alfalfa mosaic virus infection in Arabidopsis. However, it is unknown whether ALKBH9B also exhibits demethylation activity and has a biological role in endogenous plant mRNA. We demonstrated here that mRNA m6A modification is induced by the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) and that ALKBH9B has m6A demethylation activity on endogenous mRNA. Knocking out ALKBH9B led to hypersensitivity to ABA treatment during seed germination and early seedling development. We further showed that ALKBH9B removes the m6A modification in the ABA INSENSITIVE 1 (ABI1) and BRI1‐EMS‐SUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1) transcripts following ABA treatment, affecting the stability of these mRNAs. Furthermore, we determined that ALKBH9B acts genetically upstream of the transcription factors ABI3 and ABI5, and its regulatory function in ABA responses depended on ABI3 and ABI5. Our findings reveal the important roles of the m6A modification in ABA responses and highlight the role of ALKBH9B‐mediated m6A demethylation in regulating ABA responses post‐transcriptionally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kangaroo mother care has reduced mortality and morbidity in preterm and low birth weight infants and has many benefits, such as promoting breastfeeding. Based on the current evidence in China and international, we developed a clinical practice guideline for kangaroo mother care in preterm and low birth weight infants using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation and proposed 34 recommendations for 20 key questions. Our goal is to promote the appropriate implementation of kangaroo mother care in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role played by phytohormones in insect galls and the mechanisms underlying plant manipulation by gall makers are still unclear.Galls made by Leptocybe invasa on two Eucalyptus species were sampled, the correlations between the levels of nine phytohormones in galls and gall size were analysed, and phytohormone levels in the interior and exterior tissues of galls and L. invasa were determined.During two larval stages, the levels of three forms of cytokinins (CKs) in the galls of the two plant species all showed significantly positive correlations with gall size. Brassinosteroids (BRs) and dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR) occurred at significantly higher levels in the interior tissues of the galls compared to in the exterior tissues of galls. Isopentenyl adenosine (IPA) was significantly higher in L. invasa larvae themselves, compared to levels in the interior and exterior tissues of galls. However, the levels of DHZR and BR were significantly lower or similar in the L. invasa pupae compared to that in the interior and exterior tissues of the galls.These findings indicate that phytohormones, especially CKs, act as key regulators of L. invasa galls, and that the larvae of L. invasa may themselves be a source of CKs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The massive adoption of renewable energy especially photovoltaic (PVs) panels is expected to create a huge waste stream once they reach end‐of‐life (EoL). Despite having the highest embodied energy, present photovoltaic recycling neglects the high purity silicon found in the PV cell. Herein, a scalable and low energy process is developed to recover pristine silicon from EoL solar panel through a method which avoids energy‐intensive high temperature processes. The extracted silicon was upcycled to form lithium‐ion battery anodes with performances comparable to as‐purchased silicon. The anodes retained 87.5 % capacity after 200 cycles while maintaining high coulombic efficiency (>99 %) at 0.5 A g−1 charging rate. This simple and scalable process to upcycle EoL‐solar panels into high value silicon‐based anodes can narrow the gap towards a net‐zero waste economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A well‐controlled bioenhanced reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) in the presence of air is carried out by using glucose oxidase (GOx), glucose, ascorbic acid (Asc acid), and ppm level of hemin. The catalytic concentration of hemin is employed to enhance hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)/Asc acid redox initiation, achieving rapid RAFT polymerization. Narrow molecular weight distributions and high monomer conversion (Ð as low as 1.09 at >95% conversion) are achieved within tens of minutes. Several kinds of monomers are used to verify the universal implication of the presented method. The influences of the pH and feed ratio of each component on the polymerization rate are assessed. Besides, a polymerization rate regulation is realized by managing Asc acid addition. This work significantly increases the rate of redox‐initiated GOx‐deoxygen RAFT polymerization by using simple and green reactants, facilitating the application of RAFT polymerization in areas such as biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light interaction physical properties of MXenes are fundamentally important and promising for developing new broadband photodetection applications. In this work, the significant influence of intercalants on the photo‐electronic properties of MXenes is studied. It is found that the intercalated H2O‐induced inter‐flake resistance greatly restricts the photon excitation responsivity of Ti3C2Tx, resulting in a slow and irreversible resistance change under laser irradiation. After deintercalation of H2O by in situ laser writing, the resistance of Ti3C2Tx responds fast and reversibly to laser excitation and the variation range is proportional to laser power. By extending the findings to another MXene member, Mo2TiC2, the intercalant induced resistance is successfully developed for optoelectronic detection. By selectively deintercalating H2O in the as‐prepared Mo2TiC2 which is co‐intercalated by H2O and TMAOH, bare TMAOH intercalated Mo2TiC2 shows fast and reversible resistance changes with laser. Moreover, the resistance of bare TMAOH intercalated Mo2TiC2 shows a negative temperature coefficient behavior while the fully deintercalated Ti3C2Tx shows a positive temperature behavior. These findings elucidate the understanding of the optoelectronic properties of MXenes and provide insights into the engineering of interfacial chemistry of MXenes for performance enhancement toward various detectors/sensors beyond optoelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the search for a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the epoxidation of styrene, it is still a challenge to develop a system that simultaneously possesses superior catalytic activity and selectivity under aerobic conditions. Herein, we report the use of perovskite LaSrCoFeO6 (LSCF) as a heterogeneous and visible‐light catalyst, and determine that LSCF acts as a highly efficient catalyst for the epoxidation of styrene under aerobic conditions. The formation of 1O2 species transformed from O2⋅− species were proposed as reactive oxygen species for the epoxidation of styrene over the LSCF catalyst, where the directional generation of O2⋅− species on the LSCF catalyst is the key step to yield highly selective epoxidation of styrene. The experimental results of styrene epoxidation show that when the molar ratio of styrene and LSCF catalyst is 150 : 1 and the reaction is under the conditions of visible light (440 nm) and 100 °C for 6 h, the conversion of styrene and selectivity of styrene oxide reached 99.9 % and 80.3 %, respectively. The reaction rate over LSCF catalyst is as high as 50 mmol ⋅ gcat−1 ⋅ h−1. In addition, the reaction kinetics of the epoxidation of styrene over LSCF catalyst was systematically studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted much attention due to the low cost and high safety. However, sluggish reaction kinetics and poor cycling stability hinder their further application. Herein, a graphene oxide wrapped ZnMnO3 nanorod (ZMO/GO) is successfully prepared and employed as cathode in ZIBs. Battery with ZMO/GO cathode demonstrates favorable special capacity of 174.8 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 and sufficient stability at 2 A g−1. The superior electrochemical performance may be attributed to the GO with high electrical conductivity and ZMO with fast H+ diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Two factors are proposed to account for the unusual features of organellar genomes: the disruptions of organelle‐targeted DNA replication, repair, and recombination (DNA‐RRR) systems in the nuclear genome and repetitive elements in organellar genomes. Little is known about how these factors affect organellar genome evolution. The deep‐branching vascular plant family Selaginellaceae is known to have a deficient DNA‐RRR system and convergently evolved organellar genomes. However, we found that the plastid genome (plastome) of Selaginella sinensis has extremely accelerated substitution rates, a low GC content, pervasive repeat elements, a dynamic network structure, and it lacks direct or inverted repeats. Unexpectedly, its organelle DNA‐RRR system is short of a plastid‐targeted Recombinase A1 (RecA1) and a mitochondrion‐targeted RecA3, in line with other explored Selaginella species. The plastome contains a large collection of short‐ and medium‐sized repeats. Given the absence of RecA1 surveillance, we propose that these repeats trigger illegitimate recombination, accelerated mutation rates, and structural instability. The correlations between repeat quantity and architectural complexity in the Selaginella plastomes support these conclusions. We, therefore, hypothesize that the interplay of the deficient DNA‐RRR system and the high repeat content has led to the extraordinary divergence of the S. sinensis plastome. Our study not only sheds new light on the mechanism of plastome divergence by emphasizing the power of cytonuclear integration, but it also reconciles the longstanding contradiction on the effects of DNA‐RRR system disruption on genome structure evolution. Significance Statement: We hypothesize that the interplay of the deficient DNA replication, repair, and recombination system and the high repeat content has led to the extraordinary divergence of the Selaginella sinensis plastome. Our study not only sheds new light on the mechanism of plastome divergence by emphasizing the power of cytonuclear integration, but it also reconciles the longstanding contradiction on the effects of DNA replication, repair, and recombination system disruption on genome structure evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) are congenital cleft facial deformities that are abnormal developments caused by errors in the fusion process of the embryo's face. Surgery is an important treatment, but postoperative scars will still cause psychological shadows to patients. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy of Botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) in preventing and treating postoperative CL/P scars and improving scar quality. Methods: A systematic review was performed by searching PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for relevant trials. All relevant trials were performed before June 30, 2021. The data were entered into Revman 5.3 software, and a meta‐analysis was conducted by using the random‐effects model or fixed‐effects model. Results: Four randomized controlled trials involving 161 cases were included. Through quantitative analysis, BTXA showed significant differences in preventing and treating postoperative CL/P scars in terms of scar width (MD: −0.20; [95% CI, −0.30, –0.10], p < 0.0001) and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) (MD: 1.30; [95% CI, 1.06, 1.55], p < 0.0001), although no significant difference was noted on the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) (MD: −0.75; [95% CI, −1.68, 0.19], p = 0.12) between the two groups. Conclusion: In preventing and treating postoperative CL/P scar hypertrophy, we found that BTXA injection can show better results. There was no statistically significant difference between the results after omitting Navarro's study or Chang's study because of the time of injection—before/during surgery or adult CL/P scars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skeleton‐based action recognition is an inspired yet challenging task in computer vision. Recently, the latest graph convolutional network (GCN), which generalises well‐established convolutional neural networks to non‐Euclidean structures, is proven to be highly successful for action recognition from body skeleton data. However, the GCN architecture has not been fully studied. In this work, a Fisher vector (FV) encoding based GCN architecture (FV‐GCN) is proposed, which exceeds the limitations of existing GCN‐based methods by combining the GCN model with FV encoding. A channel‐wise spatial–temporal aggregation function to preserve spatial–temporal information in the whole action clip and integrate it into the FV‐GCN architecture is also presented. Since FV is different from the GCN structure, this hybrid architecture that incorporates the advantages of both algorithms can discover complementary information of feature representation effectively. On two challenging human action datasets, kinetics, and NTU‐RGBD, improved performance is demonstrated over the baseline method, and the FV‐GCN is better or comparable to some state‐of‐the‐art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Little is known about the changes in allergen sensitization in China secondary to the environmental variations over the past decade. We aimed at investigating the variations in sensitization among asthma and/or rhinitis patients in China between 2008 and 2018. Methods: This study analyzed cross‐sectional data from national surveys conducted in China in 2008 and 2018. After finishing the questionnaire, participants underwent serum specific IgE measurements. A total of 2322 and 2798 patients were enrolled in 2008 and 2018, respectively. The significance of differences in sensitization rates among four regions of China were assessed. Correlation analysis was used to identify the associations of sensitization with climate change and planting of Artemisia desertorum between the two surveys. Results: Compared with 2008, the general sensitization rate to mites significantly increased in 2018, which ranked highest among all tested allergens. Sensitization to pollens, especially Artemisia vulgaris, showed the greatest increase in the north. The annual mean temperature, rainfall and relative humidity in all four regions, and the Artemisia desertorum coverage in the northeastern area, increased significantly in 2018 as compared with 2008. From 2008 to 2018, an increase in Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus sensitization was significantly associated with an increase in relative humidity (r = 0.54, p = 0.037). The increase in A. vulgaris sensitization was significantly associated with the increase in the A. desertorum planting area (r = 0.67, p = 0.006) and with a decrease in rainfall (r = −0.59, p = 0.021). Conclusions: House dust mites remain the most important allergen in Chinese individuals with asthma and/or rhinitis. Pollen sensitization dramatically increased in northern China. Increases in sensitization to dust mites and Artemisia were related to the increases in humidity and planting area of A. desertorum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]