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Leadership is championed through political participation starting from the grassroots to the federal. However, Christians' participation in politics/governance has not been significant and their civic responsibilities appear to be consciously eroded given the misconceptions of biblical injunctions. To address this, qualitative methods were used in critiquing areas of duties of Christians' in Nigerian politics and democratic governance from doctrinal and moral standpoints; and examining the doctrinal and moral questions surrounding Christians' apathy. The paper revealed that three areas of obligations that Christians are to fulfill comprise: duty to God, duty to the State, and duty to neighbours. Failure of the clergymen, failure of the government, political corruption, godfatherism conundrum and failure of the security operatives were the identified moral questions. The paper concluded that the level of Christian involvement in Nigerian politics is low and democratic governance is lacking in Nigeria. It therefore submitted that Christians should fulfill their duties through political involvement and advance social justice and social welfare policies as part of the hallmarks of scriptural injunctions. The implication of the paper for practice is that except the moral questions raised in this paper are tackled, Christians would likely maintain their apathetic stand on politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document, titled "The Centrality of Trust in Academic Publishing Lies with the Corresponding Author," discusses the role of the corresponding author (CA) in academic publishing and the potential for authorship abuses. The author explores a proposal to assign fractional values to authors based on their contribution, as a way to reduce abuses such as gift or guest authorship. However, the author also acknowledges the potential for abuse and power struggles within author teams. The document highlights the importance of the CA in transmitting information to journals and assumes a leadership role in confirming the accuracy of authorship claims. The author raises concerns about the ability to independently verify authorship contributions and suggests that trust in science may erode if fraudulent practices go undetected. [Extracted from the article]

The most important Public policy debates today surround the use of euthanasia to end the sufferings of terminally ill patients. This debate revolves around one of the most important aspects which is, the right to a dignified life, and it is the central concern for one and all. This research paper is an attempt to analyze the legal issues involved in legalizing euthanasia and the consequences thereof. The research paper will also focus on the role played by the judiciary in India related to euthanasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By aligning Saudi Vision 2030 with the UN's SDGs, this study highlights the significant role of integrating sustainable environmental design knowledge into architectural education in Saudi Arabia. Viewing this integration as a moral obligation, it emphasizes equipping future architects with the skills to create environmentally responsible and resource-efficient buildings, fostering a sustainable and resilient built environment. This paper aims to examine the degree of integration of sustainability knowledge and assess the structural models incorporated into the architectural programs of six Saudi Arabian universities. Adopting a quantitative approach with qualitative insights, this research focuses on universities certified by the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB) or accredited by recognized national and international bodies. This study is limited to the meso-level (curricular management) and includes structural models, course descriptions, learning outcomes, course sequences, and alignment with program visions and missions. A comprehensive review was conducted on all courses related to sustainability, collecting data from program websites. The main variables analyzed included sustainable environmental knowledge, total contact hours dedicated to sustainability courses, distribution across various course types, and patterns over a 5-year period. The units of analysis encompass program plans, vision and mission statements, learning outcomes, course syllabi, and descriptions. The findings reveal significant disparities in sustainability emphasis among programs, with Imam Abdul Rahman Al-Faisal University dedicating 42% of contact hours to sustainability, compared to 25 to 11% at other universities. This study highlights the need for integrating sustainability across design studio levels to provide students with practical skills across disciplines. Most programs use a "linear/parallel" or "partially integrated" model, requiring sustainability principles in graduation projects. However, elective sustainability courses are unpopular and do not adequately address curriculum gaps. This study highlights the necessity of further investigating the effectiveness of incorporating sustainability knowledge in architectural programs. Exploring specific areas for future research to enhance the integration of sustainability in architectural education is also recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term neo-Zionism can be used to group ideologically much of contemporary Hebrew literature. However, since neo-Zionism shares similar critical tools with post-Zionism, while also sharing a common political vision with Zionism, it has been difficult to find the definitive signifiers of neo-Zionis! writing. This paper offers a way to determine the nuanced ideological inclination of Hebrew literature: the presentation of time. First, this paper recognizes the metamorphosis of time in Israeli literary history that reflects the writers' historical view of the Zionist agenda. Zionist Hebrew literature was engaged ir re-establishing Jewish historical time by emphasizing the relationship between time and events. Post- Zionist writers fragmented, subverted, or eliminated historical time in their works to loosen the commitment to historical specificity. In the neo-Zionist literary generation, timelines are reassembled as the writers try to reinterpret the Zionist ideology that shapes the person, the nation, and the relationship between the two. Erich Auerbach's observation that the Old Testament introduced realist writing to Western literature suggests two benchmarks to read neo-Zionist literature as realist writing: the first one is the writers' moral duty and sense of responsibility to write reality; the second is the restoration of the omniscient narrator. This article uses these two parameters to further interpret the neo-Zionist historical narrative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theological discussions about visits to the Prophet's grave in Madina are the focus of this paper. The relevant question in this context relates to the idea of a postmortem life of the Prophet and its accessibility for believers after his death. The idea of a spiritual presence of the Prophet in this world is found in the description of religious visits to Madina, namely in the traditional Sunni books of Fiqh (describing the normative rules concerning the Prophet's grave), as well as in some books of Tafsir. These ideas have been challenged by the Wahhabi movement, in which the idea of becoming connected to the Prophet's presence is refused and the visit to Madina is seen to be focused on the mosque, not the grave of the Prophet. This reinterpretation is examined in this article on the basis of various textual references. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of REICE. Ibero-American Journal on Quality, Effectiveness & Change in Education / REICE. Revista Iberoamericana Sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educación is the property of Red Iberoamericana de Investigacion sobre Cambio y Eficacia en Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Water resources are under pressure, which poses serious challenges for our society. Persuading individuals to conserve water is difficult, especially when they have the impression that they already conserve water. This is identified as the cognitive bias of self-assessment, where a lack of information can lead to misperceiving one's performance. This means that people misperceive their actual performance and have the self-perception of behaving "good enough", or "better" than others while this is not the case. This paper explores the magnitude of these misperceptions, their impact on water conservation intentions and linkages to personal and situational factors. An online survey (n = 1013) explored whether individuals under-/over-/correctly estimated their own water conservation performance in comparison with others and examines if personality traits (i.e. intentions to conserve water, moral obligation to conserve water, personal values) and situational factors (i.e. social influence, exposure to media content) can explain the tendency of the individuals' misperceptions of their self-assessment. The results revealed that people do have misperceptions about water conservation (with at least half of the sample misperceiving to perform better or even worse than the norm). Results also demonstrated that a combination of personal and situational factors is related to the incorrect self-assessment of water conservation performance. The work reveals tendencies and potential explanations for misperceptions, but also potential barriers to promote water conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Derechos y Libertades is the property of Dykinson SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper establishes moral duties for intermediaries of political advertising in election campaigns. First, I argue for a collective duty to maintain the democratic quality of elections which entails a duty to contain some forms of political polarization. Second, I show that the focus of campaign ethics on candidates, parties and voters—ignoring the mediators of campaigns—yields mistaken conclusions about how the burdens of the latter collective duty should be distributed. Third, I show why it is fair to require intermediaries to contribute to fulfilling this duty: they have an ultimate filtering position in the campaign communication process and typically benefit from political advertising and polarization. Finally, I argue that a transparency-based ethics of campaign advertising cannot properly accommodate a concern with objectionable polarization. By contrast, I outline the polarization-containing implications of my account, including a prohibition on online targeted advertising, and intermediaries' duties to block hateful political advertising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The attention of scientists and citizens is increasingly focused on the issue of animals as sentient beings. This inherent quality of animals, although recognized by many countries at a regulatory level, if not well defined in scientific terms can lead to misunderstandings and the wrong consequences. It is important to note that animal sentience, understood as the ability to experience emotions, is limited in extent and restricted to certain animal species. While this understanding may lead some to believe in universal animal rights, this is not logical as the recognition of animal life free from fear, restriction, and suffering is actually a human right, not an animal one. Taking a cue from J.W. Yates' recent work on animal sentience published in this journal, which explores the field and categorizes it as a harmony with nature and a recognition of its values, inferring that the inclusion of animals in the sphere of objective rights is the obligatory step for a real sustainability in all human activities, this opinion paper seeks to challenge some of the claims made in the article and present an alternative perspective on sentience and animal rights. Preliminarily, I propose a semantic word-washing and the use of more precise terms instead of not well-defined ones such as "harmony" in relation to nature and "sentience" in relation to animals, and I affirm that there can be only one point of view, however rich in dialectics, which is the human one for looking at the problems of animal ethics. Below, I present the thesis that concludes that it is not possible to attribute rights to animals, but it is our right and duty to protect their well-being, which requires states to pass laws for their defence. I conclude that while it is acceptable to raise animals for priority human rights (such as food and health), it is also an obligation to properly care for and protect them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of KADER is the property of Kelam Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Análisis Filosófico is the property of Sociedad Argentina de Analisis Filosofico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to understand the individual factors sustaining the migratory flow of Catholic priests to Italy. Priests' migration cannot be seen as the mere result of lack of vocations and shortage of priests in the host country since their agency, belief, aspirations, and motivations affect their religious identity and, consequently, their integration and participation in the host country. Drawing on qualitative research, this paper collects the voices and the narratives of selected international priests living in Italy. Priests' interviews led to broad-range questions about the nature of migration decisions and their integration into the host society and churches that originate from differences in religiosity, vocations, and missions. That resulted in a typology of 4 types of migrant priests: careerist priests, highly educated and integrated into the host country, driven by career and salary aspiration, and showing a highly politicized vision of religion; servant priests, with a strong missionary impulse to serve the Church as a universal institution transcending abstract and real boarders; evangelist priests who feel the moral obligation to evangelize secularized countries to bring them back to the origins of Catholicism; rebel priests who feel second-class priests, discriminated both within and outside the Church, in a country where they were forced to move, for this reason questioning their sense of clear vocational directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Philosophical Investigations / Pizhūhish/hā-yi Falsafī is the property of University of Tabriz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper deals with the topic of a non-active status of civil servant due to organisational reasons. The author specifically focuses on legal grounds that may lead to a civil servant being temporarily placed in a non-active status. The author analyses available defence instruments for civil servants against temporarily leaving the service. During the non-active status, the civil servant does not execute their service, the period of the non-active status is generally limited to six months. If the non-active status exceeds the six-month period it shall be decided to terminate the civil service employment. Additionally, the author provides an overview of the rights and duties of both the civil servant and the appointing authority during the period of non-active status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I make a case for the view that we have special relationship duties (also known as "associative duties") that are not identical to or derived from our non-associative impartial moral obligations. I call this view "moral partialism". On the version of moral partialism I defend, only loving relationships can normatively ground special relationship duties. I propose that for two capable adults to have a loving relationship, they must have mutual non-trivial desires to promote each other's interests or flourishing and to respect each other's core values. Along the way, I critically ascertain three alternative accounts of what normatively grounds special relationship duties and argue that my proposed view avoids the problems plaguing the alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As a chronic disease, type 2 diabetes (T2D) often involves long-term care obligations for patients' family members. Understanding the socially and culturally specific challenges that family caregivers face and how they cope with them is crucial in developing targeted and effective interventions to support both caregivers and patients with T2D. This research examined family caregiving for people with T2D living in rural northern Vietnam. Although there is a growing literature on family support in Vietnam, little is known about the personal experiences of family caregivers for people with T2D. This paper seeks to fill this gap revealing some of the challenges and coping strategies of family caregivers to people with T2D. Methods: This qualitative study is based on ethnographic research using primarily semi-structured interviews with 21 caregivers to a person with T2D in Vietnam. The research was conducted in 2022 by a Vietnamese-Danish research team. Each interview was voice-recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically coded. Results: Four major challenges emerged from the analysis: physical health concerns, psychological exhaustion, economic burdens, and lack of support. Caregivers expressed motivation to overcome these challenges as they felt a deep sense of responsibility towards their family member with diabetes. The primary caregiver's sense of responsibility toward their family would often cause them not to share the burdens from caregiving with other family members to avoid burdening them as well. However, negative experiences from caregiving were decreased and positive feelings increased in the instances where caregiving was shared between multiple family members. Conclusion: While family members expressed motivation to take care of the patient because of moral obligations, some caregivers, specifically primary caregivers, did not want to burden other family members with care tasks and were reluctant to ask for assistance. For families who did share the caregiving tasks among several family members, some of the negative sentiments associated with caregiving were diminished. Having multiple members of a family forming a caregiving community thus motivated people in handling care challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The collaborative work between authors, reviewers and editors during the different phases of publication process has epistemic consequences for several reasons. Therefore, discussing the nature and principles of the publication process, including peer review and editorial work, is vital for the whole field of education policy research. Editors are familiar with both the importance of the swift publication process, for example, for the advancement of PhD processes, but also the time constraints with which the reviewers struggle. This issue consists of four peer-reviewed articles, and two nonreviewed texts: a book review and a discussion paper. [Extracted from the article]

The sacred and moral duty of family members, primarily heirs, was to bury the deceased. The funeral ceremony and the size of the funeral monument reflected the social status of the decedent; nonetheless the funeral itself had a dual role – to ensure a peaceful transition of the soul into eternity and to provide peace for the descendants. Reading the legal texts, it could easily be seen that the issue of funeral costs was at the high level of importance for the offspring. In addition, we can assert that the Roman legislators, lawyers and priests were particular aware of its importance. In this regard, the praetor issued the Edictum de sumptibus funerum, establishing the actio funeraria, in order to determine who and under what conditions acquires the right of reimbursement of funeral costs, but also to ensure that no one is buried at someone else’s expense. The aim of this paper is to answer the questions who had the liability and responsibility to organize the funeral and bear it costs, when and under what conditions could organizer sue for the incurred expense and what was considered as the funeral cost. Results indicate the following. The grandeur of the funeral and the amount of funeral expenses depended on the social status and wealth of the deceased. The costs of the funeral were divided into necessary, which cover expenses in the name of activities without funeral could not take place and convenient, which depend on the reputation of the defunctus. Although there have been attempts to expand Ulpian’s classification into necessary and convenient expenses, this does not seem to have been the case at the outset. Funeral expenses were mostly – with a few exceptions, covered from the inheritance, and the obligation to reimburse the costs incurred was most often borne by the persons burying the deceased. From Cicero’s and Ulpian’s texts, we learn which persons were obliged to bury the deceased, i.e. cover funeral expenses. It is important to note that research shows that from the moment of death until the costs are paid, the inheritance is in the regime of hereditas iacens, and that it is administered by the praetor to ensure that no one is buried at someone else’s expense. The paper uses linguistic, historical and systematic interpretation of passages D.11.7.12.4–6, D.11.7.13, D.11.7.14.3,4,6 and 10, D.11.7.21, Cic.Leg.2.48–49, as well as historical method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Filozofija i Drustvo is the property of University of Belgrade, Institute for Philosophy & Social Theory and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historie Otazky Problemmy is the property of Charles University Prague, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the relevance of Islamic environmental theology in contemporary Islamic society. Islamic law or Shariah gives a significant prominence to environmental care. The responsibility to care for the environment is set at individual and societal levels, as outlined in the primary sources of Shariah. In line with the industrial and vast economic development, the modern jurists have extended the moral and religious obligations to firms. Environment is an important element that supports the objective of Shariah or maqasid al-Shariah, which is to safeguard the interests of all beings. However, the current devastating state of the global environment, including those of Islam-majority and Islam-dominated countries, poses major challenges to the maqasid al-Shariah. Environmental degradation is threatening the dharuriyyah level of maqasid al-Shariah, or the basic necessities of human. In view of this devastating phenomenon, this paper highlights the relevance of Islamic legal maxim of harm prevention, and how it can provide an impetus to the global environmental sustainability in modifying human attitudes and actions pertaining to the environment. We conclude that progressive interpretations of Shariah by way of incorporating vast economic development and social changes are important to address new necessities of maqasid al-Shariah. While holding on to the principles of Shariah, religious rulings pertaining to environmental matters are to be aligned to the current changing needs and problems of the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moral conflicts are the situations which emerge as a response to deal with conflicting obligations or duties. An interesting case arises when an agent thinks that two obligations A and B are equally important, but yet fails to choose one obligation over the other. Despite the fact that the systematic study and the resolution of moral conflicts finds prominence in our linguistic discourse, standard deontic logic when used to represent moral conflicts, implies the impossibility of moral conflicts. This presents a conundrum for appropriate logic to address these moral conflicts. We frequently believe that there is a close connection between tolerating inconsistencies and conflicting moral obligations. In paraconsistent logics, we tolerate inconsistencies by treating them to be both true and false. In this paper, we analyze Graham Priest's paraconsistent logic LP, and extend our examination to the deontic extension of LP known as DLP. We illustrate our work, with a classic example from the famous Indian epic Mahabharata, where the protagonist Arjuna faces a moral conflict in the battlefield of Kurukshetra. The paper aims to avoid deontic explosion and allows to accommodate Arjuna's moral conflict in paraconsistent deontic logics. Our analysis is expected to provide novel tools towards the logical representation of moral conflicts and to shed some light on the context-sensitive paraconsistent deontic logic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apologies are an important part of moral life and a method by which someone can satisfy their reparative obligations. At the same time, apologies can be used both as a shield to protect the person apologizing and as a weapon against the person to whom the apology is owed. In this paper we unpack both claims. We defend two principles one should employ to try to avoid such bad outcomes: (1) Apologies must be one-sided and nontransactional, and (2) the wrongdoer must be willing to pay what they owe. We argue that these principles require the wrongdoer's emotional vulnerability. Furthermore, we argue that the duty to be vulnerable in issuing apologies helps to make sense of why apologizing well is so difficult and why members of privileged groups might be especially prone to apologizing badly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper was motivated to test whether the high child labor prevalence observed in Ethiopia is explained by the poverty (luxury) hypothesis or wealth paradox theories. The data for this study is the Young Lives project, consisting of 1803 children units (a total of 7212 children in four rounds). Major determinants of child labor: household characteristics, shocks, poverty or wealth proxy indicators, and area and time fixed effect variables are controlled. The study employs a Feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) econometric technique to estimate the causal relationship between child labor; household characteristics, poverty, and wealth indicator variables. Both drought and income losses were found to be positive and significant almost across all specifications. Resource or asset ownership indicators, such as land, access to credit, and TLU) were found to be positively related to child labor, consistent with the wealth paradox. However, the wealth index, except in the two quartiles found to be negative and significant at 1 percent, consistent with the luxury axiom. One more result that is interesting is the significant differences between boys and girls in the type of tasks children engaged in. Girls' dominance in household chores and boys in economic activity. Moreover, the current high level of child labor participation rate of 45 percent is very alarming. Finally, the household head's educational status also has a strong negative impact on child labor. In view of, the moral obligation of societies and government; future economic benefit of investing in children, policy be directed towards pro-poor development programs especially targeting children's welfare, promoting adult education, and introducing agricultural insurance schemes to reduce the extent and intensity of child labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sophia, Colección de Filosofía de la Educación is the property of Universidad Politecnica Salesiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Jurídica Cesumar: Mestrado is the property of Revista Juridica Cesumar - Mestrado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Letras (Lima) is the property of Letras, Facultad de Letras y Ciencias Humanas. Universidad Nacional Mayor De San Marcos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The prosecution of perpetrators of mass violations of human rights remains one of the unfinished tasks of Africa's Ê°democraciesÊ° which, in itself, is eloquent evidence of the need for systemic arrangements to protect human rights, build a culture of the rule of law and ultimately defeat impunity. Emboldened by the absence of the foregoing, accountability for human rights violations of individuals and the fulfilment of the corresponding duty to prosecute violators have been contentious issues in Africa's politically volatile communities. As states are caught betwixt and between protecting human rights and holding individuals accountable, the questions about the State's fulfilment of its international obligations arises. Sourced primarily from international treaties, customary international law, and general principles of law, the duty to prosecute violations of human rights is revisited with a focus on the theoretical and legal framework. Situated in the context of the ongoing Anglophone Cameroon crisis in which political factions of the Englishspeaking regions are pitted against the French-speaking dominated Government of Cameroon, and bringing to the fore the violations, which have become an odious scourge, this paper argues that there is a sacrosanct duty on the Government of Cameroon to investigate, prosecute and punish such violations. The paper interrogates the relevant international law instruments and engages in a dialogue with relevant and respectable literature penned by prominent scholars and jurists on the issue of accountability. It provides an analytical disquisition on the duty to prosecute which, as argued herein, must be fulfilled by Cameroon given the violations that have been committed during the ongoing Anglophone Cameroon crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atheist moral philosopher Erik Wielenberg recently argued that Divine Command Theory is implausible as an explanation of objective morality because it fails to explain how psychopaths have moral obligations. In this paper I explain that everyone agrees the consciences of psychopaths don't work as they should, but there's disagreement among experts as to whether: A. The consciences of psychopaths don't inform them of what's right and wrong and that they should do what's right or B. The consciences of psychopaths do inform them of these things but merely don't generate the appropriate moral emotions. I argue that, based on the psychological research, a strong case can be made for B and thus under DCT psychopaths do have moral obligations because their consciences inform them of what's right from wrong and that they should do what's right. I also argue that even if A is true, God can, and does, make psychopaths aware of what's right and wrong and that they should do what's right through other means such as rationality, society, parents, culture, direct verbal commands, etc. Therefore, even if A is true, then psychopaths still have moral obligations under DCT because they do know what's right from wrong and that they should do what's right. Lastly, I turn the tables on Wielenberg and point out that his theory is even worse than DCT when it comes to providing an explanation for the moral rights and obligations of psychopaths [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bhagavad Gita is one of the world's oldest known holy scriptures, dating back over 5,000 years. The scripture, which Hindus believe was inspired by God, contains unique perspectives and prescriptions for today's leaders. The Gita advises managers to seek a higher level of consciousness. It makes them influence people and lead compassionately and inclusively. The Bhagavad Gita advocates a consciousness approach to transformational leadership based on eternal values and moral principles. Many researchers and practitioners in business leaders identify the Bhagavad Gita as one of the most famous and quoted works in Indian literature. The paper attempts to assist business leaders with insights into Indian scriptures and how they can benefit from the ancient writings of spiritual gurus. Therefore, the authors pursue extracting and elaborating the Bhagavad Gita's concepts into business leadership. Specifically, the study indicates how lessons from Gita can help transform a transactional leader, 'me-leader',into a transformational 'we-leader'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on an in-depth study of physicians facing the Covid-19 pandemic in Italy in 2020, we advance theory on how professionals in their workplace respond to knowledge disruptions associated with complex societal challenges that undermine the adequacy of their knowledge base to solve professional problems. We show that, in the context of uncertainty generated by the knowledge disruption and the inability to mitigate this uncertainty through typical knowledge-based strategies, professionals experience a trail of negative epistemic emotions. Despite these negative epistemic emotions, and motivated by a heightened sense of moral duty, professionals engage in service-oriented practices of collegial and humanistic work that depart from the knowledge-centric practices of their usual work. We detail how the repeated development of positive moral emotions when performing such practices leads professionals to ultimately consolidate and embed service-oriented practices in their professional work. Our study contributes to the literature on professions and organizations by theorizing the distinctive category of knowledge disruptions of unmitigable uncertainty and by uncovering the microlevel dynamics and mechanisms that sustain professionals' responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erik Wielenberg has offered a fascinating argument from moral psychology against a sophisticated theistic account of moral obligations: Divine Command Theory (DCT). This argument focuses on the pathology known as psychopathy—a perennial interest for those concerned with abnormal and moral psychology. The argument can be labeled the argument from psychopathy for convenience. The strength of the argument is that it forces the DCT-ist to maintain that there are some human beings who have no moral obligations yet still do evil actions. This, he argues, is an implausible thesis. Therefore, DCT is false. In this paper, I defend DCT and argue that there is good reason to be neutral or skeptical that psychopaths have moral obligations and, to the degree that they do, they are able to grasp morality in a way consistent with DCT. Furthermore, if the argument does present a serious problem for DCT, then it does so for Wielenberg's own view, Robust Normative Realism (RNR), just as much as DCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will examine Estate Duty(ED) and its impact on the structure of smaller British businesses. ED was one of the most controversial and wide-ranging taxes ever imposed in the UK. It was the first substantive tax on capital. It was partly responsible for the reconfiguration of British business in the 1940s- 1950s as businesses sought to avoid the Duty with measures which could result in the loss of a family firm to the 'corporate economy'. Examining this phenomenon adds a hitherto unexplored dimension to the arguments of business historians surrounding the structure of British business and its relative performance after World War II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Research in Education Sciences is the property of National Taiwan Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper presents a formalization of Henryk Elzenberg's system of axiology, which features the notions of value, ought, and obligation. The formalization I propose is constructed in the language of sentential modal logic. However, as Elzenberg was well aware, his system of axiology had several difficulties. To avoid them, I propose a modification of the system's foundations and show that it preserves the formal properties of ought and obligation postulated by Elzenberg. To show this, I express in the proposed formal language a certain theory of the logic of preference that I describe from the syntactical as well as the semantical point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the role of African worldviews in biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. African worldviews recognise the interdependence and interconnectedness of human beings, animals, plants and the natural world. Although it is not always the case that what one does depends on what one thinks and believes, indigenous African people’s ideas and beliefs about the human–nature relationship have influenced what they have done in and to nature. In African worldviews, the present generation has moral obligations to the ancestors and future generations. It ought to preserve the environment, which is rich in biodiversity, for posterity. This paper insists that it is extremely urgent that every effort be made to document the knowledge of peasant farmers and indigenous people in general. This paper further stresses that indigenous environmental knowledge makes a big difference to sustaining diverse environments, and it is imperative to preserve such knowledge before it dies out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calls for Ethical AI have become urgent and pervasive, especially as ethical issues surrounding AI products at tech companies are increasingly scrutinized by the public. Yet even after a first wave of responses to these calls coalesced around Ethical AI principles to guide decision‐making and a second wave generated technical tools to mitigate specific ethical issues, multiple lines of evidence indicate that these Ethical AI principles and technical tools have only a limited impact on the daily practices of AI users and producers. In other words, there is a big gap between what we publish in academic papers and what AI creators need to generate AI products that reflect society's values. Ethical AI is by no means the only field to have this problem. However, when medical and ecology fields documented similar gaps between their fields' scientific discoveries and the practices and products that people actually use, they invested tremendous resources into subfields that developed evidence about how to translate what was done in the lab to adopted solutions. I argue in this commentary that it is our research community's moral duty to invest in our own subfield of "Translational Ethical AI" that will determine how best to ensure AI practitioners can implement the Ethical AI technical tools we publish in academic venues in production settings. Further, I offer concrete steps for doing that, drawing on insights gleaned from other translational fields. Closing the "Ethical AI Publication‐to‐Practice gap" will be a considerable transdisciplinary challenge, but one of the AI research community has the unique expertise, political leverage, and moral responsibility to tackle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tax evasion remains a complex issue for tax authorities, policymakers, and researchers. While socio-psychological factors have been researched, their impact on tax evasion among SMEs has not yet been determined. This paper empirically analyses the effects of tax fairness, peer influence and moral obligation, on sales tax evasion among Jordanian SME owners/managers. A survey was used to obtain data from three regions of Jordan (north, middle, south). Random sampling was utilized in selecting the prospective respondents from SMEs in three sectors (trade, service, manufacturing). A total of 212 usable questionnaires retrieved from the SMEs were analysed using Smart-PLS 3.0. The results revealed that tax fairness and moral obligation had a significant negative effect on sales tax evasion behaviour among SME owner-managers. On the other hand, peer influence positively and significantly impacted sales tax evasion behaviour. Thus, policymakers and tax authorities should incorporate these factors in developing effective strategies to reduce tax evasion in Jordan, which could result in an improvement in the country's overall revenue collection. The findings also contribute to the scarcity of literature about the significance of socio-psychological factors in mitigating tax evasion by examining the effects of tax fairness, peer influence, and moral obligation on sales tax evasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zbornik Radova Pravnog Fakulteta u Nisu is the property of Law Faculty in Nis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Intelligent Transport System (ITS) offers inter-vehicle communication, safe driving, road condition updates, and intelligent traffic management. This research intends to propose a novel decentralized "BlockAuth" architecture for vehicles, authentication, and authorization, traveling across the border. It is required because the existing architects rely on a single Trusted Authority (TA) for issuing certifications, which can jeopardize privacy and system integrity. Similarly, the centralized TA, if failed, can cause the whole system to collapse. Furthermore, a unique "Proof of Authenticity and Integrity" process is proposed, redirecting drivers/vehicles to their home country for authentication, ensuring the security of their credentials. Implemented with Hyperledger Fabric, BlockAuth ensures secure vehicle authentication and authorization with minimal computational overhead, under 2%. Furthermore, it opens up global access, enforces the principles of separation of duty and least privilege, and reinforces resilience via decentralization and automation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we argue that moral deference is prima facie obligatory in cases in which the testifier is a member of a marginalized social group that the receiver is not and testifies about their marginalized experience. We distinguish between two types of deference: epistemic deference, which refers to believing p in virtue of trusting the testifier, and actional deference, which involves acting appropriately in response to the testimony given. The prima facie duty we propose applies to both epistemic and actional deference, though defeaters may quash either or both obligations. Even if one fails to epistemically defer to the marginalized testifier, we argue that they may still be ethically obligated to act in accordance with their testimony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their exceptional performance in coping with large variations in output voltage and current, parallel resonant converters (PRC) are commonly used in high-voltage applications. The incorporation of step-up transformer parasitic components as part of a power topology, on the right duty and a suitable switching frequency, determines the high efficiency and wide variety of applications with PRC. Switching losses are reduced in the same topology by tracking and running on the optimum mode for each power and voltage by a set frequency and duty. The PRC's static model behaviors, under optimum operating circumstances, are illustrated. The equivalent polynomial model is used to quickly compute the switching frequency and duty cycle required to achieve the converter's desired output voltage and power. The polynomial model is simple and easy to implement in any form of a digital signal controller (DSC). Normalized parameters are used to widen the operational range and generalize the model. This also offers the essential protection against current and voltage spikes. The work in progress depicts the specific procedures involved in developing a polynomial model. The normalized equations provide a graphical description of the static model, from which the graphical representation of the polynomial are derived. Hence, polynomial equations are obtained. This paper describes the PRC static model, how to convert it to a polynomial model, how to validate it with MATLAB-Simulink, how to program F28335 using Simulink, and how to use it in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Categorical Imperative is the normative expression of Kantian Ethics and it is the supreme principle of morality for unholy beings. In Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant introduces several characterizations of the Categorical Imperative. Kant’s commentators have no agreement on how many characterizations Kant has indicated, on which characterization plays a basic role, and whether Formulas are equivalent or not. The consequence of this paper is that though five versions are presented as characterizations of the Categorical Imperative or the Supreme Principle of morality, one of these characterization is the main expression, but the other four versions he introduces, in his view, would be equivalent and all of which would have a similar meaning according to the concept of "otherness as a rational subject" and together would propose the same system of duties. In this regard, it will be shown that not every version is to be used separately, but that all versions should be used together to understand each duty, and that each characterization can shed new light on duties of moral subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mandatory reporting laws in relation to animal maltreatment are a specific kind of regulatory enactment that imposes a duty on a specified group or groups of persons to report knowledge of animal mistreatment to enforcement officials. In Canada, they are administrative (non-criminalizing) Provincial Statutes with sanctions for non-compliance. Most veterinary reporting laws are similar in intent and form to child welfare reporting laws, and include a clause to protect mandated reporters from civil liability when reporting in good faith (1). Mandatory reporting laws reflect societal commitment to an enhanced legal framework to protect the vulnerable. They are evolving and flexible instruments of social policy, whether the vulnerable individual is a non-human animal, a child, the elderly, or other valued individual unable to protect themselves from avoidable harm. Mandatory reporting statutes communicate the intent of society to maximize early detection and prevention of injury to the vulnerable. Mandatory reporting laws generally identify classes of people, where due to the practice or nature of their profession, it is reasonable for them to more frequently correctly identify incidents of or high risk of avoidable harm. The benefits of a regulated profession are accompanied by a heightened community responsibility to report. Most Canadian provinces require veterinarians to report knowledge of animal abuse or neglect to provincial enforcement agents (social norm). Furthermore, the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association (CVMA) has opined that veterinarians with their special skills, knowledge, and access to animals in the private arena have a moral obligation to society to report “animal abuse” (professional norm) (2). The question of what situations would reasonably trigger the obligation to report are not well-documented in the literature. This paper briefly reviews the history of mandatory reporting of child and animal abuse, then uses a case example to demonstrate the evidence-based (analytical) and affective (intuitive) com ponents inherent in clinical decision-making (3) in veterinary mandatory reporting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To make a convincing argument, people are nowadays expected to speak the language of economics. Neoliberalism has become notorious for making an economic worldview dominate politics, yet it offers only a partial and ideologically inclined explanation for the zeitgeist of today. This paper expands upon the term, or ideology, of economism as a critical means for understanding educational politics and the contemporary formation of moral subjectivity. Economism helps clarify the ideological features of mainstream economics that can influence education. Rather than describe the influence of markets and competition as an 'invisible hand', this paper envisages it less favourably as an 'invisible foot'. Philosophers such as Samuel Bowles, Michael Sandel and Robin Hahnel claim that seeing the world through a purely economic lens crowds out certain important features of the human character such as moral obligation. Based on my earlier research I show how competitive ways of thinking are hampering the learning of ecological virtues, such as empathy. The ideology of economism is thus examined as a concept from a primarily moral or virtue-ethical perspective. Rather than examining moral rules or moral obligations as such, virtue-ethics asks what character traits we should adopt to live a morally fulfilling or ecologically viable life. This philosophical paper therefore has two main research questions: (1) What is economism? (2) How does economism affect our moral character? The main conclusion is that economism and competition have a detrimental impact that hardens our moral subjectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I argue that the suffix -vel '-ble' in dispositional adjectives (such as quebrável 'breakable', adorável 'adorable', durável 'durable') behaves like a dynamic modal, and I offer three arguments in support of this view. First, I show that it is particularly difficult to capture the quantificational force of the suffix, and consequently of the derived adjective, in the same way that happens with other dynamic modals, like ability -can and dispositional -will. Second, I show that -vel '-ble', like other dynamic expressions (e.g., can, will) is anchored to the subject of the modal and relativized to bundles of property expressions, not to propositions. In other words, they share the same kind of modal base. Third, I show that both -vel '-ble' and dynamic can have a veridical effect when combined with predicates that denote a sensation or experience. Finally, I conclude that the suffix -vel '-ble' expresses dispositions, best captured in the domain of dynamic modality as potentiality, rather than possibility, probability, moral obligation or causality (i.e., the trigger reading), as recently proposed by Resende and Rech (2020). This analysis affords a simpler, more elegant explanation for the different interpretations attributed to these adjectives across languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Derecho Penal y Criminologia is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia, Departamento de Derecho Penal y Criminologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Theological voluntarism is the view according to which certain moral properties or statuses have to be explained in terms of God's commands, will, or other voluntary states of God. In his God and Moral Law, Mark Murphy criticizes theological voluntarism in general and Adams' divine command theory of the nature of moral obligations in particular. Furthermore, he puts forward the first sketches for a theory of moral obligation that is not voluntaristic. In this paper, I will first introduce Murphy's proposed theory and will show that it is implausible. Then, drawing on Adams' views of the nature of goodness and virtue, articulated in Finite and Infinite Goods and A theory of Virtue, I will try to put forward the first sketches of a viable theory of moral obligations that do not appeal to divine commands in explaining moral obligations and explains them in terms of goodness/badness. An important feature of morality that voluntarists appeal to for motivating their view and criticizing views that explain obligations in terms of goodness is the existence of supererogatory actions, that is, actions that are good but not required. I will focus on this feature of morality and try to show how a theory of moral obligation that explains obligations in terms of goodness can accommodate this feature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]