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The present article provides a comparative review of historical economic inequality in the two most unequal regions of the world, namely Latin America and Africa. This contribution examines novel studies that provide quantitative estimates of income and/or wealth inequality in the two continents in terms of sources, methods, results and interpretations, focusing on the period 1650 to 1950. The article shows that although scholars in the two regions have often employed similar methodologies, their results are far from conforming to a uniform pattern. The present review highlights how scholars of Latin America and Africa tend to remain geographically isolated, failing to capture the learning opportunities stemming from the work of their continental counterparts in terms of both sources and methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A documentary review was carried out on the production and publication of research papers related to the study of the variable Importance of education in humanities and history in Latin American basic education. The purpose of the bibliometric analysis proposed in this document, is to know the main characteristics of the volume of publications registered in Scopus database during the period 2016-2021 in Latin American countries, achieving the identification of publications44 in total. The information provided by said platform, was organized by means of graphs and figures categorizing the information by Year of Publication, Country of Origin, Area of Knowledge and Type of Publication. Once these characteristics were described, the position of different authors regarding the proposed topic was referenced by means of a qualitative analysis. Among the main findings of this research, it is found that Brazil, with 126 publications, is the Latin American country with the highest production. The area of knowledge that made the greatest contribution to the construction of bibliographic material referring to the study of the importance of education in humanities and history in basic education was social sciences with 49published documents, and the type of publication that was most used during the period indicated above was the journal article, which represents 61% of the total scientific production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper examines the second and third editions of the Pan-American Games (Pan-Am), as a formal constituent of the Olympic Movement, materialized within the broader tensions of Cold War. Data collection gathered primary sources from the 1950s corresponding to the preparation and realization of those Games, namely: official documents of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the Pan-American Sports Organization (PASO), and the Mexican Olympic Committee. Results demonstrate that, after the immediate success of the first two editions, the continuity of the Pan-Am was threatened by financial, ideological and political reasons.

The essay reconceives Deep History as a type of origin myth best understood in the context of its own time, and as an intellectual project with methodological strengths and weaknesses. Drawing on insights from the history of science, Latin American studies, and Indigenous theory, I challenge the Eurocentric periodization of human history (and pre-history). Finally, I conclude with suggestions for collaborative ways that historians in particular can engage in multidisciplinary conversations about time, narrative, subjectivity, and authority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the idea of lifelong education in Spain is much older, the history of the concept begins in the 1960s. As digital libraries are becoming a source of new data for researchers, the aim of this study is to examine the history of the terms related to lifelong education and learning in Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries by using data published before 1960 and available in Massive Digital Libraries, such as Google Books and HathiTrust. The analysis of books and different kinds of texts and discourses published in Spanish from 1400 until 1959 revealed three formative periods in the development of lifelong education that begin in 18th-century Spain during the Enlightenment and spread to Latin America by the mid-19th century where most of the activity is focused in the following century. What emerges are different conceptualisations of permanent education shaped by the social, political, and economic context as well as influential philosophical movements, such as Krausism and positivism, on one hand, and by a variety of actors on the other hand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The historical development, frequency, and impact of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are less clear in Latin America than in high-income countries. Although there is a growing number of dementia studies in Latin America, little is known collectively about FTD prevalence studies by country, clinical heterogeneity, risk factors, and genetics in Latin American countries. Methods: A systematic review was completed, aimed at identifying the frequency, clinical heterogeneity, and genetics studies of FTD in Latin American populations. The search strategies used a combination of standardized terms for FTD and related disorders. In addition, at least one author per Latin American country summarized the available literature. Collaborative or regional studies were reviewed during consensus meetings. Results: The first FTD reports published in Latin America were mostly case reports. The last two decades marked a substantial increase in the number of FTD research in Latin American countries. Brazil (165), Argentina (84), Colombia (26), and Chile (23) are the countries with the larger numbers of FTD published studies. Most of the research has focused on clinical and neuropsychological features (n = 247), including the local adaptation of neuropsychological and behavioral assessment batteries. However, there are little to no large studies on prevalence (n = 4), biomarkers (n = 9), or neuropathology (n = 3) of FTD. Conclusions: Future FTD studies will be required in Latin America, albeit with a greater emphasis on clinical diagnosis, genetics, biomarkers, and neuropathological studies. Regional and country-level efforts should seek better estimations of the prevalence, incidence, and economic impact of FTD syndromes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]