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This article focuses on the professional writing of women in the transformation phase around 1800. Referring specifically to the woman of letters Helmina von Chézy (1783-1856) and her family, which participated in the literary market over four generations, it asks how authors could use paper(s) as assets or resources. It is shown that writersʼ papers were collected and kept as material evidence of life, that they could be an indicator of financial status and provide insight into financial practices, and that they were used particularly to position oneself (as a writer) and to relate to others. Within changing personal and historical contexts, the writing work of family members was based ultimately, in varying forms and shapes, on the logics of their social relations, lived as well as negotiated and recorded on paper. Thus, the papers used and inscribed in the family can be conceptualized as a multi-perspective kaleidoscope, offering new views on central aspects and mechanisms of writerly economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the vibrant dramatization of Anne Lister stormed screens across the globe in Gentleman Jack, she sparked interest in both the real Lister and the women in her life. Among them is her partner, Ann Walker, who was a constant presence in Lister's later life. Given that archival sources connected to Walker are fairly limited in volume and scope, studying her is challenging and requires a combination of different resources, among them Walker's letters and journal. These allow for a better understanding of Ann Walker but are not comprehensive enough to cover most of her life. Thus, to obtain a broader perspective of Walker, it is necessary to consult documents that belonged to her contemporaries. What can one learn about Walker from her perspective? How can Walker's contemporaries fill in the gaps that aren't covered by her papers? And how will these perspectives affect interpretations of Walker? In this article, I provide an overview of the materials that can be used to study and understand the real Ann Walker, both from her perspective and that of others. This article also provides suggestions on keeping a neutral approach to interpreting Walker while using different resources as sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study the popular educational broadcasting of Julius Sumner Miller and its intersections with contemporary science policy and education. Design/methodology/approach: The paper draws on archival research including resources so far unused by historians of science or of broadcasting and audio-visual resources of Sumner Miller's broadcasts on Australian, Canadian and American television. It begins by contextualising Sumner Miller as both an academic and broadcaster. The second section interprets the core points of his educational philosophy which he articulated in his written and broadcast works. The final section uses his private papers contextualised by works on the history and philosophy of science to interpret and delineate the disparity between Sumner Miller's influence as a populariser of science and the prevailing trends in scientific policy and teaching. Findings: This paper proposes that reconstructing the themes and recurring points he asserted in his broadcasts reveals disjunction between Sumner Miller's high-profile successes and the contemporary trends in both science policy and science education. This paper interprets the circumstance of an internationally known and influential science populariser who was coterminous with but against the grain of the notion of "big science". He therefore sought to popularise science precisely as it was developing in ways he disparaged. Research limitations/implications: This paper breaks new ground by interpreting the different sources, audio-visual and written, created by and about an influential television broadcaster. Originality/value: Although he was widely and internationally known, and the range of his influence on science communication is generally noted, Sumner Miller's broadcasting and the themes and educational philosophy espoused in it is little researched and contextualised. This paper sharpens understanding of his influence but also his points of intersection and disjunction with scientific culture. Hitherto unused archival resources contribute to this understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All over the world, individuals rely on forests for food security, nutrition, and the sustenance of their livelihoods. Forests serve as a source of personal and economic consumption, where harvested products are used directly or sold for profit. Consequently, forests play a crucial role in ensuring food security and supporting the livelihoods of people worldwide. In South Africa, natural forests and woodlands hold particular significance for the well-being of rural communities. These ecosystems provide a variety of socio-economic and ecological benefits to communities residing within or near such forested areas. The Dukuduku forest is an integral part of a sensitive ecosystem at both national and continental levels. It is intricately connected to the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, contributing to the economic development and natural diversity of South Africa. Thus, discussing one area without considering the other is impossible. This paper relies on a combination of archival sources, including newspapers, research reports, and various written and oral accounts gathered from interviews with land claimants, community leaders, traditional leaders, local farmers, and residents of the area. The central argument posited is that the primary source of conflict in the Dukuduku forest arises from the state's efforts to displace forest residents whose livelihoods have historically depended on the forest. The paper aims to illustrate that the racialization of the destruction of this indigenous forest has not served the interests of either the state or environmentalists. Forest residents have employed diverse strategies to resist evictions, resulting in the substantial destruction of the forest and at least sixty percent of the flood plain along the uMfolozi River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article uses archival sources to reconstruct an alternate history of Milton Friedman's A Theory of the Consumption Function, spotlighting the contributions of his collaborators Margaret Reid, Dorothy Brady, and Rose Friedman. Although Milton Friedman offered public credit to his wife and their two close friends, none received formal recognition or reward for their contribution to the permanent income hypothesis. The article documents this hypothesis as an example in professional economics of the well-known "Matilda effect," in which women's intellectual contributions are systemically devalued, while arguing it is important to distinguish between formal and informal credit. Further, the article connects the lower status of women's consumption economics to broader shifts in the economics discipline across the twentieth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reconstructs, by means of unpublished and newly discovered archival sources, the path of the Islamic manuscripts of the Cospi Museum from their entry into the collection of Ferdinando Cospi up to the present day, and identifies them, for the first time, in a group of manuscripts currently held in the University Library of Bologna. Although Islamic manuscripts had made their way to Italy since medieval times and numerous examples may be found in Italian libraries today, very few represent the collection of a single individual and, among these, fewer still have survived as a coherent group. The rediscovered collection of Islamic manuscripts of the Cospi Museum therefore represents a rare survival which provides new insights into early modern collecting practices in Italy, as well as new material through which to explore the history of the interaction between the Islamic world and Italy in the early modern period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do we know what we know about an organization's history? What methodologies do historians use? I explain and adapt the historical method of source criticism for organizational scholars through the new technique of organizational source criticism. Source criticism is how historians do research in archives. The role of source criticism is to identify, analyse and use bias in historical sources to write reliable historical narratives. Organization source criticism emphasizes the plurality of organizational sources. I capture this plurality through the organizational source criticism matrix, which categorizes organizational archival sources into four types based on their category and modality. Category differentiates between narrative and documentary sources, and modality distinguishes reportative from performative sources. The matrix proposes four distinct forms of source criticism for each type of organizational source and exemplifies these through two academic articles from management and organizational history. The paper encourages researchers to adopt organizational source criticism to create robust organizational historical narratives. It also emphasizes the importance of context, triangulation and colligation in organizational historical research. Organizational source criticism is a new historical methodology adapted to researching sources in organizational archives that aims at establishing the veracity and meaning of organizational archival sources. It will benefit organizational scholars who intend to conduct historical organizational archival research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of archival materials and objects appears as a primary challenge in conducting research on the history of media and communications in India, specifically while writing a comprehensive historical account of Bengali cinema. This paper will try to look at video halls and video tapes as the transient media spaces and objects. In the case of West Bengal, video tapes and video halls are an important part of media history about which little has been written or researched. This paper will try to look into the process of writing media history of scarcely archived media forms following the method of media archaeology and question how the method becomes important in cases of absence of archival materials. This paper will also try to enquire how media ethnography unfolds a different narrative of media history which is otherwise absent in the material archives or institutional records. Using the theoretical framework of the study of archives, this paper tries to explore new archives which present a different history of intermedia transactions in the history of Bengali cinema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital and spatial techniques, such as reality-based surveying and 3D modelling, have long been used in archaeology. However, in recent years the use of these techniques has gained importance also in the history of architecture, a discipline in which these data can help to interpret traditionally used, but often incomplete, written sources (Tucci et al. 2021; Fiorini et al. 2023).This paper is about an aspect of the eighteenth-century renovations of Palazzo Vecchio. It focuses attention on a small terrace that runs alongside the exterior facade of the Sala dei Cinquecento and to which there is no entrance. The question this paper seeks to answer is: why during eighteenth-century renovations it was decided to exclude the existing entrance to the terrace from the accessible spaces? Using geomatics techniques, it has been possible to identify the location of the enclosed spaces in relation to other parts of the building (Tucci, 2017).In accordance with the criteria of Spatial Humanities, the present research is characterized by an interdisciplinary approach based on the analysis and interpretation of data obtained from archival sources (Archivio Storico Comunale di Firenze, Fototeca Comunale di Firenze, Archivio Centrale di Stato di Roma, Archivio di Stato di Firenze, Gabinetto fotografico degli Uffizi, Catalogo Generale Beni Culturali, Biblioteca Nazionale), the consultation of relevant published iconographic sources in libraries, and the interpretation of 3D data and architectural elements discovered during the onsite survey of the area between the inner and outer southern façades of the Sala dei Cinquecento.The first part of this essay focus on the southern façade of the Sala dei Cinquecento and aims to demonstrate to what extent the Carlo Falconieri's modification altered the general appearance of the façade. The second part, aims to clarify the architectural phases or aspects of the southern façade of the Sala dei Cinquecento before Falconieri's works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Additive manufacturing, commonly known as 3D printing, represents the forefront of modern manufacturing technology. Its growing popularity spans across research and development, material science, design, processes, and everyday applications. This review paper presents a crucial review of nano-level 3D printing, examining it from the perspectives of processes, materials, industrial applications, and future trends. The authors have synthesized the latest insights from a wide range of archival articles and source books, highlighting the key findings. The primary contribution of this study is a condensed review report that consolidates the newest research on nano-level 3D printing, offering a broad overview of this innovative technology for researchers, inventors, educators, and technologists. It is anticipated that this review study will significantly advance research in nanotechnology, additive manufacturing, and related technological fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the re-animation of a geography departmental collection through a study of the archives and map collection of the School of Geography, University of Nottingham. The discussion is situated within parallel examples of work on geographical archives and map collections, and wider debates on engagement with archival sources. The paper considers how a previously dormant collection has been re-animated in recent years, conveys the range of source material involved, and discusses the possibilities of digitisation. The paper thereby raises questions which could be asked of the holdings of any academic department, from whatever time period. • The first detailed study of the re-animation of a geography departmental archival and map collection. • Shows a variety of original source material including photographic slides, plans, maps and posters. • Connects the study of a specific archive and map collection to wider debates on engagement with archival sources. • Examines the possibilities and implications of digitising analogue archival material. • Raises questions which could be asked of any archives and collections held by academic departments, from whatever period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to examine the strategies employed by the peasantry to defend their established rights and privileges against a dominant state. A careful analysis of archival and oral sources revealed that despite having common grievances, the peasants in northwestern Ethiopia have adopted a distinct approach to resistance that aligns with their local circumstances. Thus, this paper argues that local factors play a crucial role in determining the nature, content, and duration of resistance movements. Besides, it provides an opportunity to examine the central role played by the peasantry in shaping the course of history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Histriae is the property of Historical Society of Southern Primorska of Koper and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyses the forgotten concept of "sperm-force" proposed by George Newport (1803–1854). Newport is known for his comprehensive microscopic examinations of sperm and egg interaction in amphibian fertilization between 1850 and 1854. My work with archival sources reveals that Newport believed fertilization was caused by sperm-force, which the Royal Society refused to publish. My reconstruction chronologically traces the philosophical and experimental origins of sperm-force to Newport's 1830s entomological work. Sperm-force is a remnant of Newport's speculations on the creation of the active individual. I argue that sperm-force was rooted in British interpretations of German Naturphilosophie, which demonstrates Continental influences on mid-Victorian embryology, particularly the role of male generative power. This context provides further evidence that British versions of Romantic science fostered sophisticated experimental work. The refusal by Paleyite stalwarts of natural theology to publish Newport's ideas illustrates the institutional resistance to German pantheistic and vitalistic influences. This reconstruction of sperm-force's philosophical foundation and its reception offers new understandings of mid-Victorian attitudes toward the inheritance of mind and body. It situates Newport's work within the nineteenth century's scientific project to assign stereotypical genders to the gametes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, there has been a growing number of studies exploring the historical dimensions of the interconnectedness of human societies and the environment. A core approach in this field is historical ecology. We analyzed 544 historical-ecological papers to assess patterns and trends in the field. We found a high degree of interdisciplinarity with a focus on local case studies, of periods of fewer than 500 years, analyzing archival sources through quantitative approaches. The proportion of papers containing management recommendations has increased over time. To make historical ecology globally relevant, more effort should be made to utilize studies across languages, borders and worldviews. We call for high standards regarding the use of social scientific methodologies. Lastly, we argue that fostering longer-term studies and assessing the real-life impact of policy recommendations emerging from historical ecology can help the discipline better contribute solutions to the challenges facing humanity in an uncertain future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to analyze how the interplay between hard and soft elements of total quality management (TQM) produces the conditions for sustaining success in the quest for quality. Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative analysis (Gioia method) was carried out on an original dataset collected through both direct and indirect methods (i.e. archival sources, interviews and observations) to generate a new interpretive framework. Findings: The interpretative framework identifies four categories of elements: trigger elements create the starting conditions for a quality virtuous cycle; benchmarking tools set the standards of performance; improvement tools enable exploration of the space of possible alternative practices and finally, catalytic forces allow the institutionalization of effective techniques discovered in this search process into new standards. Research limitations/implications: The findings the authors present in this paper are derived by a single case study, limiting the generalizability of our results in other settings. Practical implications: This study has three implications: first, the design of trigger elements is critical for the success of any TQM initiative; second, the interplay of improvement and benchmarking tools at several levels should be coherent and third, to exploit the potential of TQM, efforts should be devoted to the dissemination of new effective practices by means of catalyzing elements. Originality/value: The model provides a more specific understanding of the nature and purpose of the hard and soft elements of TQM and the dynamic interaction between the two classes of elements over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the use of emancipatory research principles in archival research and contends with the suitability of academic conventions that characterise ethical practice when the research goal is to elevate the voices of marginalised historical groups. Drawing on a case study of Le Court Cheshire Home, England (1948–1975) to address a critical gap in the literature, I highlight some ethical dilemmas I encountered when working at the nexus of historical geography and geographies of disability. This paper demonstrates what an emancipatory research approach means for an archival study of disability, using examples to illustrate how ethical decisions impacted all stages of the research design and the write‐up of findings. I argue that ethics should not be envisaged solely as an approval process completed at the project's outset. Rather, the explorative nature of archival research necessitates that ethics should be an iterative undertaking, with archival sources having the potential to shape both the content and conduct of the research. The paper uses a case study of Le Court Cheshire Home to explore research ethics and the applicability of emancipatory research principles for an archival study of disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To provide an evaluative and personal overview of the life and contributions of Professor John Senders and to introduce this Special Issue dedicated to his memory. Background: John Senders made many profound contributions to HF/E. These various topics are exemplified by the range of papers which compose the Special Issue. Collectively, these works document and demonstrate the impact of his many valuable research works. Method: The Special Issue serves to summarize Senders' collective body of work as can be extracted from archival sources. This introductory paper recounts a series of remembrances derived from personal relationships, as well as the products of cooperative investigative research. Results: This collective evaluative process documents Senders' evident and deserved status in the highest pantheon of HF/E pioneers. It records his extraordinary life, replete with accounts of his insights and joie de vivre in exploring and explaining the world which surrounded him. Applications: Senders' record of critical contributions provides the example, par excellence, of the successful and fulfilling life in science. It encourages all, both researchers and practitioners alike, in their own individual search for excellence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sabbatical provides an important illustration of the changing nature of academic life and is a symbol of the growing demands of performativity. Drawing on historical literature and archival sources concerning university sabbaticals at Australian and English universities, the paper demonstrates that underlying assumptions about its purposes have changed slowly, but markedly, over time. A shift has occurred from a conception of the sabbatical as a period of rest, recuperation and academic travel to one of hyper-productivity. This change is linked to the emergence of the so-called research university, the rise of performativity, and the increasing demands of an audit culture. The academic sabbatical is also an often forgotten but significant indicator of the internationalisation of universities in the nineteenth and early to mid-twentieth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Labor history and international relations (IR) each offer insights regarding the extent to which women contribute to non-state armed groups and the value of their labor. Yet questions remain about how agency in joining armed movements – and, conversely, the forced participation of women – are operationalized and even fetishized by observers. Positivist empirical work in IR has operationalized agency and coercion as a dichotomy in gendered wartime labor, implying that where women's labor is coerced it may have a lesser impact on the conduct of conflict or conflict outcomes. This paper challenges the existence of an agency-coercion binary, drawing on the case of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). Analyzing archival sources in a manner informed by both feminist international relations and labor history scholarship, I show the complex interplay of agency and coercion in women's lived experience within a non-state armed group. I further reflect on how a temporal understanding of labor relations, examining coercion and choice at the moments of entry, work, and exit, contributes to a more complete understanding of the gender dynamics of wartime labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Born Idris Olarenwaju Okuneye in 1991, Bobrisky has arguably taken the politics of gender modification to a height worthy of a certain degree of scholarly attention. The self-acclaimed Mummy of Lagos, and the biggest girl in Nigeria has been a sensational cross-dresser and transgender activist for over a decade. This article focuses on Bobrisky and his subversive cross-dressing and body modification attempts. It explores his power, influence, wealth, connections, and many contradictions that his lifestyle epitomizes. Archival and secondary sources have yielded the data underpinning this paper. It specifically draws from the conceptual frame, "warrior cross-dresser," found in the recent article by Unoma Azuah on Bobrisky to argue that Bobrisky exemplifies the politics of gender modification in twenty-first century Nigeria. The authors argue that Bobrisky's lavish lifestyle seen online and offline serves as an inducement for future male cross-dressers in Nigeria and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Futuro del Pasado: Revista Electrónica de Historia is the property of Futuro del Pasado: Revista Electronica de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The history of Roma population in Montenegro has been a history of exclusion, displacement, and refusal by the rest of the Montenegrin society. Members of other ethnocultural communities in Montenegro, social actors, and institutions are not sufficiently aware of the importance of understanding the position of this community in historical terms. The methodology applied in this paper entails analysis of ethnographic material, unpublished archival sources as well as relevant legal and political documents. The aim of the paper is to examine the deep historical roots of exclusion, marginalization and frequent migration of the Roma population in Montenegro in different periods of history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Very few researches have been carried out on the Spanish influenza pandemic and its consequences in the territory of Slovakia. Objectives: The paper constitutes an attempt to investigate the second wave of the pandemic between September and December 1918. It aims to reflect on the following questions: when did the outbreak of the pandemic occur in this region?; what measures were taken during the second wave of the Spanish flu in autumn 1918?; to what extent and based on what data can the number of infected and fatalities be determined? Methods: The research is based on the study of archival sources, as well as the local press, and the county periodicals, in which the official number of infections and deaths were published. Results: The first part of the paper is dedicated to the historiographical reflections, and outlines the possible reasons why historiography has not, so far, examined this question. Here it is argued that on the one hand the focus of the Hungarian and the Slovak historiographies were put on presenting the larger political, social, and economic context and consequences of the creation of Czechoslovakia and the history of the Peace Treaty in Trianon, while on the other hand, scholars have to face the lack of accurate statistical data. The second part of the study provides a short overview of the course of the pandemic in Slovakia and try to make estimates on the number of infections and fatalities based on contemporary statistics. Conclusions: Partial data suggest that around 0.5% of the population of Slovakia may have fallen victim to the epidemic. However, the study presents only the current status of the research, and data are not available for all regions of Slovakia at the moment. Therefore, further research is required to map the impact of the world pandemic on Slovakia, in regions that are missing in such analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: During World War II and in its aftermath, Central Europe was exposed to huge migration waves. People of different religions and various mother tongues had to leave their homes and newcomers settled in the abandoned places. This paper focuses on a small town, Medzev, located on the southern edge of Spiš (eastern Slovakia), which was until the end of World War II inhabited mainly by a German-speaking population. Although the region faced emigration waves in the 19th century, it was during and after World War II when local people experienced forced migration on the order of the authorities. Local German-speaking inhabitants were "evacuated" to northern Moravia because of the approaching Red Army in autumn 1944. During the next year they tried to come back home, only to be interned in local concentration camps. Those, who remained in town faced in the first months of 1945 removal to the Soviet Union (USSR). During 1946 and 1947, the inhabitants of Medzev tried to escape from the state-ordered expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia. However, the most important migration flow which changed the linguistic character of the town came only during the 1960s, when the larger metalworking plant Strojsmalt was established in Medzev. The factory offered a wide range of job opportunities that stimulated flows of economic migration of Slovak-, Ruthenian- or Hungarian-speaking workers from neighboring villages. Objectives: While exploring local post-conflict and post-migration settings, this paper focuses on everyday life in the intimate small town community. How was the Medzev population influenced by post-war migration flows? What effects did the economic migration connected with socialist industrializationave on the prevalently German-speaking community? Conclusion: Drawing on archival sources and oral testimonies, this paper aims to show the microperspective of the post-war migration flows and interactions in an east Slovak small town. It claims that the dominance of German speakers in the remote town of Medzev was not ended by the postwar expulsion in late 1940s, but rather by economic migration flows connected with socialist industrialization in following decades. However, the relations between local German speakers with job-seeking Slovak "newcomers" were not conflictual and both groups adapted to each other. This paper argues that in the examined micro space, people were connected mainly through their working experience in the factory Strojsmalt and lived together without major conflicts. During the period of state socialism, it was mainly membership in the Communist Party that mattered, not the mother tongue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bohemistyka is the property of Instytut Filologii Slowianskiej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pedagogická Orientace is the property of Pedagogicka Orientace and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents the first results of an ongoing survey of photographers and photographic studios in 19th and early 20th-century archival records created by the municipality of Bucharest, Romania. Following the gradual development of urban regulations in the 1830s and 1840s, any construction work carried out within the boundaries of the city was subjected to a formal building permission handled by the municipal architect, and later by the Technical Department of the municipality. This pertained as well to the construction of studios or the alteration of pre-existing structures in view of accommodating a photographic studio. The archival fonds thus generated provide us with a largely untapped primary source for the history of photography in Bucharest. The archival records discussed in this paper concern two of Bucharest's foremost photographers in the 19th century, Carol Szathmári and Franz Duschek. Corroborated with cartographic material and press sources, the retrieved building permissions bring significant clarification to the chronology and the changing urban contexts of their photographic practice, while the accompanying architectural projects shed new light on the spatial organization of their residences and studios. The arguments advanced in this paper notably lead to the identification of Duschek's surviving studio house on strada Nouă (today str. Edgar Quinet), and to the localization of several exterior shots in the immediate vicinity of Duschek's provisional studio in No. 21 Calea Mogoșoaiei. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

James Croll left school at the age of 13 years, yet while a janitor in Glasgow he published a landmark paper on astronomically-related climate change, claimed as 'the most important discovery in paleoclimatology', and which brought him to the attention of Charles Darwin, William Thomson and John Tyndall, amongst others. By 1867 he was persuaded to become Secretary and Accountant of the newly established Geological Survey of Scotland in Edinburgh, and a year after the appearance of his keynote volume Climate and time in 1875, he was lauded with an honorary doctorate from Scotland's oldest university, Fellowship of the Royal Society of London and Honorary Membership of the New York Academy of Sciences. Using a range of archival and published sources, this paper explores aspects of his 'journey' and the background to the award of these major accolades. It also discusses why he never became a Fellow of his national academy, the Royal Society of Edinburgh. In the world of 19th-Century science, Croll was not unusual in being both an autodidact and of humble origins, nor was he lacking in support for his endeavours. It is possible that a combination of Croll's modesty and innovative genius fostered advancement, though this did not hinder a willingness to engage in vigorous argument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers and gatekeepers lack clarity about the circumstances under which using old data to test hypotheses is appropriate or inappropriate. In response to this complex issue, we first define what makes data "old." We then suggest that using old data is justifiable (a) when examining a past event, (b) when recent data are not available, or (c) when the data were collected painstakingly. Scholars should avoid using old data if none of these conditions exist. Further, authors should be forthcoming about the age of their data and, in the case of a rejected journal submission, update the data whenever possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addressed Sha Fei's unpublished photographs from China during World War II in three dimensions: image, symbol, and index. The intrinsic meanings of these images depend upon the historical context and historical relations between the images and historical scenes they represented. Here lies significance of the index function of Sha Fei's photographs, which is to direct historians' attention, inspire intensive research for other archival sources or textual evidence and drive researchers to discuss broader questions about Communist war mobilization and political growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The p resent research paper aims to investigate the relations between "power" and "places". It tried to find out the ethnic construct of place identity and its attachment to the sense of power. It analyses the questions as, How the ethnic identity of social groups constructs the meaning of "place" and transformed themselves into ethnic places? How do the "places" intervene in the identity of "selves"? This research undertakes Kurdish identity and their imbibed notion in order to contextualize the 'ethnic place' and questions of "selves". In this connection, it studies the ethnic places as the phenomenological product of ethnic and social experiences. It discusses ethnic places and their sense of power within the framework of place identity. The central theme of this paper is the Kurdish identity of Turkey to be placed in the spatial adjustment to which they belong. The image of Kurdistan as a place seems to empower them and ultimately causes their sense of security. The method of research is purely theoretical and descriptive on the bases of spatial-analytic approaches. However, in this research, phenomenological analysis of the concepts of place and experiences are argued with relation to power, place and ethnic identity. The phenomenological experiences of community behavior have been seen with respect to their cognitive relations to the living environment of the Kurdish group. Generally, this study is based on secondary sources and archival materials. A case study of Kurdish ethnic identity assertion is seen with respect to the theoretical applicability of place, power, and security concepts. It analyses Turkish Kurds and their identity assertion in the context of demand for the place, associated with the "power" as well as their cognitive environment and sense of belongingness. Ethnic place emerges in "relative isolation" as ethnic selves differing from other-selves. Hence, the demand for the place by the Kurdish group in Turkey is seen as a preservation of ethnic places to be empowered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This note revisits a 2009 essay by William Gibson on a proposal to appoint an Anglican bishop for Virginia in 1672. The essay indicated how advanced the planning for the project was and gave information from an archival source of a meeting of five bishops to plan the funding and powers of the bishop. What was not clear was why the project failed. This note, using manuscripts from the Huntington Library, uses letters written in the mid-eighteenth century to explain the reasons for the failure of the project. Principal among these was the distraction of one of the major proposers of the plan, Alexander Murray, by Irish entanglements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the racialization of Asians in Australia through the dialectic of the “yellow peril” and “model minority”. It uses the specific historical case study of People’s Republic of China nationals in Australia at the time of the Tiananmen Square massacre (1989) who were ultimately given permanent residence. Through analysis of archival sources and Australia’s print media in this period (1989–1993), the article identifies how the Tiananmen Chinese were at once characterized as educated, hard-working and worthy additions to the Australian nation (model minority), while also appearing as a threat to the order and integrity of the immigration system (yellow peril). The article draws on Asian American theorist Colleen Lye’s argument about the economistic character of Asian racial form. By using her framework, I suggest the value of deepening engagements with Asian American studies in examining the racialization of Asians in Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we test a long-held assumption regarding Otago, New Zealand, goldfields life and death- that scurvy was a ubiquitous and persistent cause of misery and death among the goldminers. We will also explore a parallel argument that the Chinese market gardeners played a large role in stamping out the disease in the goldfields. Through the interrogation of various archival medical primary sources, we show that scurvy was indeed a terrible scourge in the Otago goldfields, but only during the initial rushes into new regions. We also argue that while Chinese market gardeners undoubtedly contributed to a more nutritious and varied diet for European miners and settlers, scurvy had already markedly reduced in frequency by the time of their arrival in the gold fields. Patient-oriented accounts of scurvy in the gold demonstrate the clinical and functional cost of scurvy in during the initial gold rushes of Otago. Furthermore, individual stories of previously anonymous patients found locked in these archival sources demonstrate the importance of re-humanising the past to understand the biological and social context of these frontier times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though the Chicago school has been the subject of no small amount of research over the past several decades, that scholarship has focused largely on persons, ideas, and influence—in short, on the school itself. No attention has been paid to the origins of that label and the avenues via which the notion of a "Chicago school" of economics came to be. This paper attempts to address that lacuna, drawing on both published and archival resources. What emerges is a story of a label of uncertain origin but wrapped up in competing agendas, the first stage in the history of which culminates in 1962 with its rejection by two of the very people who helped birth it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heidi Kaufman's book, "Strangers in the Archive: Literary Evidence and London's East End," explores the life and work of Maria Polack, an openly Jewish Englishwoman who published the first novel by a Jewish woman in 1830. Kaufman's research reveals that Polack's novel, "Fiction without Romance, or The Locket-Watch," targeted a broad Jewish readership across various communities, including readers in British colonies like Jamaica and Barbados. Kaufman expands Polack's archive by consulting the Legacies of British Slave-Ownership website, comparing subscriber data with other publications, and incorporating private papers from the Lyon family, who had connections to the West Indies. Kaufman's work highlights the interconnectedness of East and West End literary culture and challenges stereotypes of urban degeneration. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: The main aim of this paper is to illustrate the importance of avoiding Whig interpretations in historical research. It does so by highlighting examples of what may occur when this is not done. The paper also aims to promote interdisciplinarity, in the form of working with those from other disciplines, as a means to avoid this occurring. Design/methodology/approach: This paper includes an in-depth study of the bookkeeping and financial reporting of two 18th century Portuguese state-sponsored companies using archival sources. The companies were selected because of conflicting insights across disciplines concerning the quality of their bookkeeping and financial reporting – historians have been very critical, while accounting historians have seen little wrong. These differences of opinion have never previously been investigated. The authors demonstrate how information was distributed among the account books and other records of the two companies. The approach adopted enabled a reader to fully understand the recorded economic events. The authors also present and explain the procedures, criteria and accounting terminology used in their annual reports. Findings: This paper demonstrates how easy is to inadvertently adopt a Whig interpretation of accounting history when the focus of interest is something of which the principal researcher has insufficient understanding or expertise. It also illustrates how important it is to embrace interdisciplinarity by working with those from other discipline to avoid doing so. Research limitations/implications: The conclusions from the case study are company-specific and cannot be generalised beyond those companies. However, the implications of this study go beyond the companies in its illustration of the importance of fully understanding historical evidence within its own context. Originality/value: This paper unveils primary archival sources never previously presented in the literature. It also contributes to the literature by providing an evidence-based justification for the calls previously made to accounting historians to study accounting in its social context and engage with historians from other disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes a historical anthropological approach to charting the intricate relationships between the industry of peiyin (dubbing, voice-over), the state institutions, and the public in shaping Taiwan's sociolinguistic soundscape since 1945. Grounded in multi-year ethnographic research with the peiyin industry and archival sources, this paper discerns three stages—industrialisation, popularisation, and diversification—through which the industry not only facilitated the state in establishing the Mandarin monopoly, but also contributed to the disestablishment of that very monopoly by introducing Sinitic polypoly to the public over time. In so doing, this article contributes to the anthropological and sociolinguistic literature on Mandarin in Taiwan with a dynamic account of peiyin both as a sociolinguistic practice and a social force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to offer the first account of the initial, hesitant (yet persistent) efforts to import baseball and its culture into Eretz Israel, from 1927 until the first decade of statehood; the (implicit or explicit) cultural and ideological background behind these efforts; and the various practical, cultural, political, and ideological reasons why the entire endeavor ultimately remained a marginal episode that failed to leave a significant mark on the local cultural landscape. The paper is based on close reading of the memoirs of some of the figures involved in these events, as well as on contemporary press reports and several archival and scholarly sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based mainly on original French archival sources, this paper discusses the conduct and extent of French military and civil activities in Ottoman Istanbul during the Crimean War. Using both qualitative and quantitative indicators, the paper shows how the necessities generated by the war, promoted an unprecedented growth in the French military and civil presence in Istanbul. Through this approach, the paper explains to what degree the war created new market opportunities for various French products and services, a favourable environment for the establishment of French hospitals, and also occasions for cultural encounters between the French and the Ottomans in Istanbul. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses official and Indigenous views of the Khanty and Forest Nenets uprising against the Soviets, known as the Kazym War (1931-1934). The rebellion is well documented in archival sources and covered by scholarly research, popular essays, and novels. Almost a century after the uprising, Indigenous narratives about the uprising are still circulating in local communities. Specifically, this paper addresses selected episodes of the Kazym War reflected both in official and Indigenous narratives. I focus on the analysis of diverse modes of narrating hybrid knowledge produced in a contact zone, and the mythic imagination of shamans shaping narratives about the uprising. Here, I argue that perceptions of Indigenous history sometimes adopt and reproduce the dominant discourse about the uprising, but link to the official story predominantly by rejecting it and establishing autonomous discussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Israel developed its relations with African countries relatively early. The initial boom in the 1950s was followed by a slowdown in the 1960s and then, in many respects, a standstill after the 1973 Yom Kippur War. Israel was seen by many African countries as an anti-colonial power, which gradually changed over time. In 1957, the Jewish state recognized the independence of Ghana, and in 1958 it set up a separate organization, the Agency for International Development Cooperation (MASHAV), to assist the newly independent African states. In 1963, it established a new embassy in Nairobi, Kenya. Based on newly discovered Hungarian state security documents, this paper will give an insight into how Hungary - as a member of the Soviet-led Eastern European socialist bloc - in the early 1960s and 1970s, viewed its relations with Israel and African countries, and the information and politicalideological patterns on which it based its approach. The state security surveillance (through the Hungarian diplomatic missions) later covered not only Israel, but also the American Jewish organizations which, according to the agencies, had been in contact with African states and organizations at the instigation of Israel. Archival sources with a strongly antiimperialist tone and bearing the imprint of Soviet state security suggest that the treatment of Israel as an enemy occurred in this region before the 1967 break-up, i.e. the diplomatic freeze did not significantly affect the way the Jewish state's relations with the emerging African nations were viewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last three decades, a major shift has taken place in Scottish nationalist understandings of Scotland's colonial past. During the second half of the twentieth century, independence supporters viewed Scotland's relationship with England in colonial terms. Since the Scottish Parliament was established in 1999, nationalists have increasingly recognised Scots' role in Atlantic slavery. This paper explores this change within the Scottish National Party (SNP) using archival sources, published material and Scottish Parliamentary records. It demonstrates that a maturing historiography has drawn attention to Scotland's slavery past. History has become politically relevant in transatlantic deliberations over racial injustice, which have grown in intensity since the international Black Lives Matter protests in 2020. SNP ministers and parliamentarians have responded to this context by incorporating addressing Scotland's role in Atlantic slavery within a case for independence that is styled as progressive and contrasts with the more recalcitrant attitudes, which predominate at UK level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Memoria Americana is the property of Memoria Americana, Cuadernos de Etnohistoria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper we present and analyse the histamena (gold coins) of Romanos III. Argyros found in the territory of the former Hungarian Kingdom. The majority of these coins are known from literary and archival sources. Only the coins from Pétermonostora (County Bács-Kiskun/H) and Székesfehérvár (County Fejér/H) had got to museums and about the others only descriptions are available. Most coins are scattered finds but we have information about some nomisma of Romanos III. Argyros from the Etyek-Bóthpuszta hoard (County Fejér/H). Here we'll analyse their role outside the Byzantine Empire as compared to the coin circulation in the medieval Hungarian Kingdom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate funding and performance monitoring practices in Zambia's health sector from an institutional and stratified ontology perspective. Such an approach was deemed appropriate in view of pluralistic institutional environments characterising most African economies that are also considered to be highly stratified. Design/methodology/approach: Blended with insights from stratified ontology, the paper draws on institutional pluralism as a theoretical lens to understand the institutional structures, mechanisms, events and experiences encountered by actors operating at different levels of Zambia's health sector. The study adopted an interpretive approach that helped to investigate the multifaceted and subjective nature of social phenomena and practices being studied. Data were collected from both archival sources and interviews with key stakeholders operating within Zambia's health sector. Findings: The study's findings indicate the high levels of stratification within Zambia's health sector as evidenced by the three sector levels that possessed different characteristics in terms of actor responses to donor influence. This study equally demonstrates the capacity of agents operating under highly fragmented institutional environments to engage in enabling and constraining responses depending on the understanding of their empirical world. Originality/value: Through blending insights from stratified ontology with institutional pluralism, the study contributes to the literature by demonstrating the enabling and constraining reflexive capacity of agents to exercise choices under highly fragmented institutional environments while responding to multiple demands and expectations to sustain the co-existence of diverse stakeholders. Accordingly, the study advances thinking on the application of institutional theory to critical accounting research in line with recent ontological and epistemological shifts in institutional theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Obnovljeni zivot is the property of University of Zagreb, Society of Jesus and Faculty of Philosophy & Religious Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The history of British universities before 1945 remains poorly understood. In particular, the factors shaping new academic developments, especially in the humanities, are under-researched. This paper looks at the development of teaching and research in the Modern Languages at the University of Leeds during the First World War, a period that was pivotal in the creation of new departments and programmes in many universities. Using extensive archival sources, the paper examines the pressures that led to the creation of new departments and the interplay of local and national influences that stimulated such change. Tensions are identified, such as that between employers urging an emphasis on the spoken language necessary for trade and commerce, and an 'academic' perspective that favoured more linguistic study and work on literature or history. Other factors, such as funding issues, institutional leadership, links with other educational institutions, staffing and student recruitment are also considered. In conclusion, the paper sheds light not only on developments in the Modern Languages, but also on the working of universities in the first half of the twentieth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of American Anthropologist is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)