Search

This paper argues that a new 'domestic regime' has taken hold in Anglo-American economies since 2008. The combination of austere fiscal policy and loose monetary policy produced sustained house-price inflation in an otherwise stagnant economy. This combined with broadband-enabled digital platforms, a highly flexible labour market, and a routinely undervalued social reproductive sector to transform how capitalism operates in these economies. Taking the United Kingdom as a central case, our goal in this paper is to articulate what constitutes a 'domestic regime', and to locate this concept within wider sociological and political-economic debates. To adequately grasp the contemporary regime, we suggest that it needs to be considered in all its multifaceted, interlocking dimensions: the financial, the infrastructural, the reproductive and the productive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many developing countries, children are viewed as a source of old-age insurance. They help parents to smooth consumption by sending remittances when the parents are old and have relatively low income. The paper presents a model where asset accumulation and children are substitutes. Using a family planning programme as an instrument for fertility it shows that households exposed to the programme have (0.86) lower fertility and $994 worth of more assets than those who were not exposed to the programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The explicit demand response (DR) is a key program for reinforcing the participation of end customers and making the most out of the potential of the smart grid. The DR is a key topic in the field of buildings to make use of the flexibility that they can offer. However, in order to guarantee the correct functionality of a DR system, it is fundamental to perform interoperability tests among the various components/actors. In this paper, we take into consideration the technological solutions suggested in the framework of the DRIMPAC project to enable the DR in buildings. We consider all actors/devices involved in order to reach the objective of executing a flexibility order by an asset. Following a structured interoperability testing methodology created by the Joint Research Centre, we perform interoperability tests regarding all critical links of the full chain of interacting actors to obtain the DR in buildings. The results show that the system functions properly and the benefits from the DR can be exploited. On the other hand, we provide a concrete example of how to apply the interoperability methodology in the field of testing the DR in buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores students’ perceptions of faculty-mentored research by drawing on the experiences of final year undergraduates sampled from a public university in Ghana. Embedded in a qualitative approach, the paper employs the cognitive interest and expectancy value theories, which model interests and satisfaction as predictors of affection and/or disaffection for an activity respectively. From these theoretical viewpoints, the paper argues that the interest and utility derived from faculty-mentored research explain students’ perceptions of this writing activity. Following this premise, students’ perceptions of faculty-mentored research defy a single characterisation. The students’ perceptions of this writing activity straddle two polar perspectives. From one end of the polarity, the students perceived faculty-mentored research as an asset. As an asset, this writing activity facilitated the development and acquisition of skills and competencies relevant to career and academic progression. Besides, faculty-mentored research broadened participants’ understanding of social processes and phenomena. However, from the opposing end of the spectrum, faculty-mentored research is perceived as a liability since it exposed students to challenges that affect overall performance and well-being. The paper highlights how interests and perceived benefits affect students’ subjective views on the place of faculty-mentored research in undergraduate education. The emergence of these divergent perceptions amplifies the call for freedom in the choice of faculty-mentored research as a component of the undergraduate course structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Asset-based approaches (ABAs) tackle health inequalities by empowering people in more disadvantaged communities, or targeted populations, to better utilise pre-existing local community-based resources. Using existing resources supports individuals to better manage their own health and its determinants, potentially at low cost. Targeting individuals disengaged with traditional service delivery methods offers further potential for meaningful cost-savings, since these people often require costly care. Thus, improving prevention, and management, of ill-health in these groups may have considerable cost implications. Aim: To systematically review the extent of current cost and economic evidence on ABAs, and methods used to develop it. Methods: Search strategy terms encompassed: i) costing; ii) intervention detail; and iii) locality. Databases searched: Medline, CENTRAL and Wed of Science. Researchers screened 9,116 articles. Risk of bias was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool. Narrative synthesis summarised findings. Results: Twelve papers met inclusion criteria, representing eleven different ABAs. Within studies, methods varied widely, not only in design and comparators, but also in terms of included costs and outcome measures. Studies suggested economic efficiency, but lack of suitable comparators made more definitive conclusions difficult. Conclusion: Economic evidence around ABAs is limited. ABAs may be a promising way to engage underserved or minority groups, that may have lower net costs compared to alternative health and wellbeing improvement approaches. ABAs, an example of embedded services, suffer in the context of economic evaluation, which typically consider services as mutually exclusive alternatives. Economics of the surrounding services, mechanisms of information sharing, and collaboration underpin the success of assets and ABAs. The economic evidence, and evaluations in general, would benefit from increased context and detail to help ensure more nuanced and sophisticated understanding of the economics of ABAs. Further evidence is needed to reach conclusions about cost-effectiveness of ABAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-of-a-kind efforts to make the losses state’s financial incurred by the State due to corrupt activities, is through the confiscation of the Defendant’s assets. Later it may subsequently be utilized for a form of monetary payment in lieu of State losses charged to the Defendant. On the grounds of payment of money in lieu of State losses, confiscation of the Defendant’s personal assets that had nothing to do with corruption was then carried out. The research’s main eligibility is to find out how significance proof is involved due to tribunal mechanism, as in the safetymeasureness of the defendant given right and assets as being regulated for evidences in the tipikor case. The researcher’s study applied juridical normative method employing statutory and conceptual pathways. Secondly, layered information was gathered from observation and papers, in order to ensure the quality. According to the researcher’s findings, the purpose of headlining deposition in tribunal is to support the proof of the litigant’s motion, incapable of assuring the sentence’s delivery. There is a guarantee and protection of property rights in the Indonesian constitutional written law 1945 (28H) par. (4). It demonstrates the litigant’s possession of their property being safeguarded by the state, which had unassociated an elicit act of graft as property sheltered from confiscation in the court process. Unlike the personal property of the litigant, if is employed in an unlawful conduct as graft itself, the belongings shall be seized within the tribunal proceedings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Household financial stress is a persistent problem that can be exacerbated by shocks such as the COVID‐19 pandemic. This paper finds that assets are more important than income for explaining financial stress using the Household Expenditure Survey, conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Households in the bottom quintile for net assets are more likely to experience many dimensions of financial stress, with a magnitude of approximately 3 percentage points in most cases. Total income often has no identifiable impact on financial stress, all else equal, although the component of income based on investments may be a better predictor of financial stress. Further, there is a positive relationship between liabilities and financial stress. In addition, substantial financial stress is observable for recipients of payments for unemployment or disability, with lower impacts suggested for some other welfare groups. Three policy options are refining asset tests to provide higher benefits for low‐wealth households, raising benefits for particular welfare types including for those receiving unemployment and disability payments, and promoting financial literacy to avoid excessive liabilities. Financial stress likelihood varies across households. Those receiving unemployment or disability benefits are more likely to experience financial stress. Assets are more important than income in explaining financial stress. Refined policies for financial stress can therefore include higher benefits for some welfare types and greater reliance on assets in means testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the European Union has made notable steps towards completion of the economic and monetary union, fiscal convergence, banking union and capital markets union, potential integration of pensions and social security has not advanced as much. As the European Union countries have experienced increased migration/refugee flows over the last decade, the question is whether migrants/refugees can influence the adequacy of member-state pension schemes and potentially allow for a Pan-European Pension Plan. Consequently, the purpose of this paper is to investigate, as a prelude to pension integration, whether immigration and emigration affect pension assets, liabilities, and the asset-liability gap and to identify the determinants of this gap. Using generalized method of moments estimation, evidence is found that increases in immigration and decreases in emigration (as a percent of the population) lead to an increase in the assets of autonomous pension funds. Analogously, increases in valid permits (as a percent of the population) and decreases in unemployment (as a percent of the labor force) result in a decrease in liabilities (benefits) of autonomous pension funds. The novelties of this study are the identification of factors that affect pension assets, liabilities and the asset-liability gap at a country level and the contribution of immigration from non-EU countries to closing the asset-liability gap. The findings can be used to draft pension and migration policies at a pan-European level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies an asset-liability management (ALM) problem under mean-variance criterion with inside information. The asset-liability manager is allowed to invest in a financial market composed of a bond and a stock. The stock price process is governed by a diffusion process with random parameters. The uncontrolled liability process is described by a general diffusion process with hedgeable risks and unhedgeable risks. We model the inside information by a general random variable related to the future values of financial assets and liabilities. By using the Donsker Delta functional technique and the BSDE method, we derive the analytic expressions of efficient strategy and efficient frontier. To illustrate the general result, an example is provided in which the efficient strategy and efficient frontier are obtained in closed form. The comparison of efficient frontiers with and without inside information demonstrates that taking advantage of inside information can improve the efficient frontier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital labour platforms act as intermediary agents between users and are imbued with the power to determine the rules of interaction within their own digital ecosystem. As the labour market has become increasingly integrated into the platform economy, digital enterprises have been able to use their concentration of power to experiment with new structures of labour regulation and management. The key transformation of labour by platform enterprises is the fragmentation of labour contracts into minute by minute tasks, with noteworthy implications for our understanding of human capital investment in the digital age. As individuals are required to sell their abilities as micro-skills such as photo-tagging and copy editing, long-term human capital investments such as higher education are devalued. These long-term assets are replaced by highly volatile and short-term human capital assets such as reputation scores and platform metrics. This paper will investigate these new forms of human capital, exploring how they are held hostage by platform enterprises to lock users in and structure how labour is practiced in the new digital economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores asset based approaches in the support, protection and empowerment for learners in Child Headed Households (CHH) in the context of parental migration in Zimbabwe. Left-behind children in the context of parental labour migration are perceived to be disadvantaged in terms of healthy behaviours and psychosocial functioning because of parental absence. It therefore becomes critical that education and community stakeholder organisations explore the environment of CHH learners in the scope of Ubuntu with the objective of establishing sustainable, roots-driven interventions. This study followed the qualitative research approach and data was collected through a focus group discussion organised, as an information sharing session. Six purposively selected learners in CHH arrangements and seven key community informants from a secondary school in the Shurugwi district of Zimbabwe, informed the study. The study revealed that the optimal utilisation of available environmental assets, capacities and skills that are rooted in culture goes a long way in building resilience. This in turn becomes an important mediating resource in improving the wellbeing and educational experiences of left behind children in Zimbabwe. The understanding is that parents will continue to be absent, hence, harnessing the best out of their circumstances is cardinal in building sustainable support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Virtual (VR), augmented (AR), mixed reality (MR) and haptic interfaces make additional avenues available for surgeon assessment, guidance and training. We evaluated applications for open trauma and emergency surgery to address the question: Have new computer-supported interface developments occurred that could improve trauma training for civilian and military surgeons performing open, emergency, non-laparoscopic surgery?Design: Systematic literature review.Setting and Participants: Faculty, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore., Maryland; Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Bragg, North Carolina; Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland.Methods: Structured literature searches identified studies using terms for virtual, augmented, mixed reality and haptics, as well as specific procedures in trauma training courses. Reporting bias was assessed. Study quality was evaluated by the Kirkpatrick's Level of evidence and the Machine Learning to Asses Surgical Expertise (MLASE) score.Results: Of 422 papers identified, 14 met inclusion criteria, included 282 enrolled subjects, 20% were surgeons, the remainder students, medics and non-surgeon physicians. Study design was poor and sample sizes were low. No data analyses were beyond descriptive and the highest outcome types were procedural success, subjective self-reports, except three studies used validated metrics. Among the 14 studies, Kirkpatrick's level of evidence was level zero in five studies, level 1 in 8 and level 2 in one. Only one study had MLASE Score greater than 9/20. There was a high risk of bias in 6 studies, uncertain bias in 5 studies and low risk of bias in 3 studies.Conclusions: There was inadequate evidence that VR,MR,AR or haptic interfaces can facilitate training for open trauma surgery or replace cadavers. Because of limited testing in surgeons, deficient study and technology design, risk of reporting bias, no current well-designed studies of computer-supported technologies have shown benefit for open trauma, emergency surgery nor has their use shown improved patient outcomes. Larger more rigorously designed studies and evaluations by experienced surgeons are required for a greater variety of procedures and skills.Competencies: Medical Knowledge, Practice Based Learning and Improvement, Patient Care, Systems-Based Practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a compilation of academic articles and journals that explore the conversion of conventional banks to Islamic banks in Indonesia and other countries. The articles cover a range of topics including the reasons for conversion, the effects on assets and market share, challenges faced during the process, and the performance of Islamic banks compared to conventional banks. The articles provide valuable insights into the factors influencing conversion, customer preferences, and the legal aspects of the process. [Extracted from the article]

Knowing the moment when an asset must be replaced has a great relevance for the good economic health of any business, for this reason, the main goal of this paper is to define the opportune moment of replacement the assets, supported by an economic approach. The Replacement Profitability Index was used, this index means what percentage of the investment is pay back every year, by replacing an asset, it allows to take the best solution when is necessary to decide between continuing the exploitation of the asset and carry out the corresponding maintenance actions, or replace it in whole, or in part. The calculation of this index measures the economic advantage of doing the replacement just now, instead of postponing it for one more year. This investigation analyzed the possible replacement of the current Kholer 500 kW main generator set in an electric power generation system of canned tuna industry. Finally, it was concluded that the current main generator set should be replaced by the proposed one, because the Replacement Profitability Index was 14,96 percent per year, this value justifies the replacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Asset-based approaches (ABAs) tackle health inequalities by empowering people in more disadvantaged communities, or targeted populations, to better utilise pre-existing local community-based resources. Using existing resources supports individuals to better manage their own health and its determinants, potentially at low cost. Targeting individuals disengaged with traditional service delivery methods offers further potential for meaningful cost-savings, since these people often require costly care. Thus, improving prevention, and management, of ill-health in these groups may have considerable cost implications. Aim To systematically review the extent of current cost and economic evidence on ABAs, and methods used to develop it. Methods Search strategy terms encompassed: i) costing; ii) intervention detail; and iii) locality. Databases searched: Medline, CENTRAL and Wed of Science. Researchers screened 9,116 articles. Risk of bias was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool. Narrative synthesis summarised findings. Results Twelve papers met inclusion criteria, representing eleven different ABAs. Within studies, methods varied widely, not only in design and comparators, but also in terms of included costs and outcome measures. Studies suggested economic efficiency, but lack of suitable comparators made more definitive conclusions difficult. Conclusion Economic evidence around ABAs is limited. ABAs may be a promising way to engage underserved or minority groups, that may have lower net costs compared to alternative health and wellbeing improvement approaches. ABAs, an example of embedded services, suffer in the context of economic evaluation, which typically consider services as mutually exclusive alternatives. Economics of the surrounding services, mechanisms of information sharing, and collaboration underpin the success of assets and ABAs. The economic evidence, and evaluations in general, would benefit from increased context and detail to help ensure more nuanced and sophisticated understanding of the economics of ABAs. Further evidence is needed to reach conclusions about cost-effectiveness of ABAs.

The field of financial rights is divided in a number of ways within the context of legal knowledge. One of the most fundamental of these divisions is the distinction between "objective" and "personal" or "in personam" rights. The genesis of this distinction can be traced to Roman law. It subsequently permeated the Western legal system, including that of France, following a protracted journey. The foundation of this differentiation lies in the legal tenets governing litigation, the enforcement of rights, and the conduct of court proceedings. It has now become the primary consequence of embracing this differentiation in the proceedings and the exercise of rights. However, over time, a substantial number of rulings have been issued on this matter. An objective right is a right that an individual possesses over an external object, which they are able to exercise independently, without the need for the involvement of others. In contrast, a personal right is attributed to the entirety of a particular individual's property, and the holder of the right does not possess dominion over a specific asset belonging to the debtor. This article's focus is on examining the existence of the division of financial rights into objective and personal categories and its implications in Islamic and Iranian law, despite the existence of differing interpretations. In examining this issue and related issues in this article, the descriptive analytical method is employed, and materials are collected through the library method. This is done with the aim of investigating the concept, history and distinction of objective right from personal in Western law, and of re-examining the place of this separation and its implications. In examining rulings in Islamic jurisprudence and Iran's law, as well as the latest developments in Western law (France) and Imamiyya jurisprudence, this article aims to delineate the border between them in Iranian law. It will then proceed to examine some of the most important examples of this distinction, and elucidate the significant practical effects that arise from it. In response to this, the authors argue that in Islamic law, the objective right is distinct from the personal one, and that there are specific rulings and effects associated with each. This is because, within the field of jurisprudence, the financial right is not divided in this way. Additionally, the distinction between objective and personal rights in Iranian law can be discerned from the Civil Code and the Code of Civil Procedure. However, with regard to the concepts of object (ein) and debt (dein), as well as the scope of objective and personal rights, there are notable differences between the legal systems of Islam and the West, which have been the subject of extensive investigation. In conclusion, it can be stated that the distinction between objective right and personal right in Western law, including in France, is a well-established concept with roots in Roman law. This distinction has significant implications and has shaped the structure of the French civil code. In Islamic law, although the jurists have not explicitly articulated this distinction between rights and obligations, they have instead distinguished between "right" and "melk" as well as "ain" and "dain," which is a division of property based on its existence in the world. In conclusion, it can be stated that the distinction between objective right and personal right in Western law, including in France, is a well-established concept with roots in Roman law. This distinction has significant implications and has shaped the structure of the French civil code. However, there are rulings in jurisprudence that cannot be justified except on the basis of distinguishing between objective and personal rights. This demonstrates that the jurists were aware of this division and accepted it. Examples of such rulings include the mortgagor's right of precedence over the mortgaged property over other creditors, the dissolution of the mortgage contract, rent and usufruct in the event of the destruction of the subject of the contract due to force majeure, and so forth. In conclusion, it can be stated that the distinction between objective right and personal right in Western law, including in France, is a well-established concept with roots in Roman law. This distinction has significant implications and has shaped the structure of the French civil code. In Western law, "ownership" represents one of the most evident instances of an objective right, with its foundation invariably situated in an external specific object. However, in Islamic and Iranian law, the ownership right exhibits a distinct character, contingent upon the object in question, whether external or general. If the property in question exists in the external world, In Islamic and Iranian law, ownership is an objective right. However, since general property can also be the subject of ownership, this assumption of ownership is not objective. This is to say that a person may be the owner of another person's liability (zemme). In other words, every creditor is the owner of the debtor's zemme. In conclusion, it is notable that in Western law, the term "object" is used in contrast to "obligation," and the concepts of "objective right" and "personal right" have been established as a foundation for this distinction. However, in Islamic law, there is no such contrast between "object" and "obligation." In other words, in Western law, the term "object" is synonymous with a material object that exists outside the legal system. However, in Islamic and Iranian law, the term "object" refers to both an external object, which is a material object and is a "definite object", and also to the object in zemme, which is the general object and "ein koli dar zemme" is actually the same as "debt". "Dein" is defined as "general property under zemme". This fundamental distinction between the concept of "object" in Western and Islamic law has prompted some scholars to question the existence of objective and personal rights in Islamic law. This article addresses these concerns and provides a comprehensive analysis of the subject. It should also be noted that in Islamic law, "dein" is the opposite of "specific object" (ein moayan) and the word "object" is used absolutely in contrast to "profit". In conclusion, it can be stated that the distinction between objective right and personal right in Western law, including in France, is a well-established concept with roots in Roman law. This distinction has significant implications and has shaped the structure of the French civil code. In contrast to Western legal systems, Islamic law distinguishes between the concepts of debt and obligation. In the event that the subject is a general obligation, the term "obligation" is also "debt"; otherwise, it is solely an obligation. In Western law, absolute obligation constitutes a personal right, with the rules of the personal right pertaining to it. However, in Islamic law, the distinction between debt and obligation means that some rules of the personal right are related only to debt, not pure obligation. From the perspective of civil procedure law, this division exists in Iranian law, with lawsuits divided into personal and objective lawsuits. Furthermore, at the execution stage, once the claimant's objective right has been established and a definitive judgment has been issued, this judgment is enforceable against any individual or entity in possession of the property subject to the judgment, even if they are not a party to the proceedings. Consequently, the expropriation decree is enforceable against any possessor, even if they are not a party to the lawsuit. However, when the court judgment contains an individual condemnation of the obligor, it is enforced only against that same person. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for effective bridge asset management in Indonesia has become crucial. Currently, the number of bridge assets in Indonesia is continuously increasing, parallel to the rising budget allocations for infrastructure development in the road and bridge sectors to enhance regional connectivity more efficiently. This situation places demands on asset managers to work harder and possess expertise in bridge asset management. However, the reality reveals persistent issues related to the inability of bridge asset managers in various regions to manage their assets effectively. This raises the question of whether asset managers have the intention to implement asset management or what factors might drive their appeal to have an intention towards effective asset management. To address these questions, a survey was conducted involving asset managers and experts to evaluate the current state of bridge asset management in Indonesia. The research findings provide insights into the relationships among factors associated with bridge asset management, such as budget, data, policy, resources, and system, and the intentions of asset managers. The model's solutions show that data and system are anticipated to achieve effective and efficient implementation of bridge asset management. It is hoped that this research will assist asset managers in Indonesia in enhancing their intention towards better bridge asset management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The explicit demand response (DR) is a key program for reinforcing the participation of end customers and making the most out of the potential of the smart grid. The DR is a key topic in the field of buildings to make use of the flexibility that they can offer. However, in order to guarantee the correct functionality of a DR system, it is fundamental to perform interoperability tests among the various components/actors. In this paper, we take into consideration the technological solutions suggested in the framework of the DRIMPAC project to enable the DR in buildings. We consider all actors/devices involved in order to reach the objective of executing a flexibility order by an asset. Following a structured interoperability testing methodology created by the Joint Research Centre, we perform interoperability tests regarding all critical links of the full chain of interacting actors to obtain the DR in buildings. The results show that the system functions properly and the benefits from the DR can be exploited. On the other hand, we provide a concrete example of how to apply the interoperability methodology in the field of testing the DR in buildings.

This study examines households' resilience to climate change and food insecurity in Ethiopia. The study was conducted in the Wolaita zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR). The article measured the resilience levels of Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) beneficiary households against non-beneficiaries as a control group using Resilience Index Measurement and Analysis (RIMA). A random sample of 300 respondents were selected from the population of safety net beneficiary and non-beneficiary households in the study area each representing half of the sample. The study found that non-PSNP households have higher monthly per capita food expenditure than PSNP members, with a difference of 30%, indicating that they have better access to economic resources and opportunities. Additionally, non-PSNP households have higher resilience scores than PSNP members, with a difference of almost 0.1 point. The findings suggest that improving resilience through interventions such as asset-building, livelihood diversification, or social protection may have positive spillover effects on household food security and nutrition outcomes if targeted properly. The study also revealed important insights into the characteristics of households in the study area, including the prevalence of poverty and vulnerability, limited opportunities for non-farm employment, and high illiteracy rates, which have implications for policies aimed at reducing poverty and promoting sustainable livelihoods in rural areas of Ethiopia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista E-mercatoria is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia, Departamento de Derecho Comercial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Concerns over valuation accuracy and variance cannot be over-flogged, given the somewhat fluid nature of these concepts. It is however, more apt to dig into their fundamental causative factors. This paper realizes that specialist valuer or appraiser has a chain of sequential tasks anchored on his distinguishing competencies. At the heart of this is sufficient knowledge of the attributes of his subject of valuation. Twenty-two (22) Nigerian valuers based within Lagos Metropolis were made to carry out valuation assessment of selected landed and non-landed property assets and were also examined on their perception of the adequacy of their acquired Body of Knowledge (BOK) relevant to each asset category. The variation/dispersion in their valuations is revealed by the Standard Deviation of the distribution, for Landed Property, being 7.77 while that of Non-Landed Property is 32.24; By employing the 10% maximum variation rule of Glover (1985), 9% of the valuers fall outside the limit in respect of Landed Property whereas, the figure rose to 64% for Non-Landed Property assets. This is indicative of remarkably higher internal inconsistencies among respondent valuers on Non-Landed Property Assets. Multiple regression analysis of the results indicated that all the adaptive knowledge variables exert positive influence on valuer’s competence in valuation of both Landed Property and Non-Landed Property Assets. In view of these findings, there is urgent need to review and expand underlying curriculum for training prospective valuers towards aligning theory with practice and enhance their competence across property types.

The quest for parsimonious models has been a key objective in asset pricing. However, there appears to be no consensus on the most successful asset pricing strategy in the literature, especially for the South African Market. Using financial statements from January 2000 to December 2015, this article explores how market anomalies affect the performance of securities in the Johannesburg Stock Exchange's (JSE's) resources, industrial, and finance sectors. We investigated the efficacy of several asset pricing models and their capacity to account for market anomalies in the JSE's resources, industrial, and financial sectors, as well as the applicability of the Fama and French five-factor model. The study used multiple regression techniques and applied stationarity and cointegration methods to ensure robust results. Results also suggest that when the FF5FM is implemented, there is statistical significance at the 10% level for the CMA in the resources sector as the value factor disappears. The FF5FM results in the industrial sector show a significance level of 5% in the SMB. The financial sector seems to have the majority of the style-based risk factors as the SMB is positively significant at a 5% level, the HML is significant at a 1% level, and the CMA is negatively significant at a 10% level of significance. The results suggest that the Carhart Four Factor model is the best to use in all market conditions. Results also show that value becomes redundant in a bullish market, but the opposite holds in a bearish market for a model with operating profitably and investing factors. These findings highlight the necessity for investors to determine which investment risk elements produce abnormal returns in both bearish and bullish market circumstances before investing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Who owns the internet? It depends where you look. The physical assets at the core of the internet, the warehouses that store the cloud's data and interlink global networks, are owned not by technology firms like Google and Facebook but by commercial real estate barons who compete with malls and property storage empires. Granted an empire by the US at the moment of the internet's commercialization, these internet landlords shaped how the network of networks that we call the internet physically connects, and how personal and business data is stored and transmitted. Under their governance, internet exchanges, colocation facilities, and data centers take on a double life as financialized real estate assets that circle the globe even as their servers and cables are firmly rooted in place. The history of internet landlords forces a fundamental reconsideration of the business model at the base of the internet. This history makes clear that the internet was never an exogenous shock to capitalist social relations, but rather a touchstone example of an economic system increasingly ruled by asset owners like landlords. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women's self-help groups (SHGs) play an essential role in the fight against poverty. Despite this, studies on the impact of SHGs on women's asset accumulation and incomes tend to focus on rural and urban areas, with peri-urban areas receiving little attention. Consequently, to help fill this gap, using the after-only study design, this study investigates the contribution of SHGs to asset accumulation in Wa's peri-urban areas. A questionnaire and an observation guide were used to collect data from 199 SHG members. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data, while descriptive statistics, parametric and non-parametric methods were used to analyze quantitative data. Members were given loans, according to the study, but the repayment schedule was unfavourable. After joining SHGs, both productive and non-productive assets were acquired. Furthermore, those who took out loans and invested in income-generating ventures saw an increase in their earnings. In general, SHGs contributed to asset acquisition and income. SHG members should invest in productive assets to increase their incomes, according to the policy recommendation of this study. This study is unique because it focuses on SHGs in peri-urban areas, deviating from the norm by arguing that SHGs contribute to asset accumulation in those areas, thereby empowering members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to data provided by the National Council for Special Education (NCSE), between 2020 and 2021, there was a 15% increase in the number of special classes specifically for learners with Autism/Autism Spectrum Disorder (A/ASD) attached to mainstream schools in the Republic of Ireland. Given the considerable growth in A/ASD classes in schools, examining the Teacher Self-Efficacy (TSE) of teachers working there enables us to identify strengths and areas for professional development (PD). This paper reports the findings from an Irish study into Teacher Self-Efficacy (TSE) of teachers working in special classes for learners with A/ASD. The study involved a large sample (n = 139) of teachers responding to an online questionnaire. The questionnaire included the Autism Self-Efficacy Scale for Teachers (ASSET). Analysis of the completed questionnaires reveals that the areas teachers feel least confident in are their abilities to train peer models, to teach play skills, and to translate assessment information into teaching objectives to the students. They felt most confident in their ability to use visual supports to foster student independence, to describe their student's characteristics that relate to A/ASD, and to communicate and work effectively with parents or caregivers. The findings of this study present implications for professional development for teachers of learners with A/ASD, namely that upskilling is needed in training peer models, play skills, and translating assessment information into teaching objectives. The results also add further evidence to the use of the ASSET as a reliable measure of assessing the Teacher Self-Efficacy for teaching students with A/ASD. • A study on teacher self-efficacy among 139 teachers in special classes for students with Autism/Autism Spectrum Disorder (A/ASD) in Ireland. • A study on teacher self-efficacy among 139 teachers in special classes for students with Autism/Autism Spectrum Disorder (A/ASD) in Ireland. • The Autism Self-Efficacy Scale for Teachers (ASSET) was used. The mean ASSET score of the sample was 4.38. • Teachers felt least confident in: training peer models, teaching play skills, translating assessment information into teaching objectives. • Teachers felt most confident in: using visual supports, describing student's characteristics, and communicating effectively with parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The era of globalization which is followed by the development of information technology that changes very quickly has affected business activities. This change will affect the company's policy in the field of asset and liability management. If there is no adjustment to the environment, the company concerned will lose in the current era of increasingly fierce competition. To be superior in the business world, resources are needed that are able to compete. With the superiority of its resources, a company will be able to formulate the function of collecting and distributing company funds through management (asset and liability management). The purpose of this research are to help users know the form of the statement of financial position and the components that make up the statement of financial position. In short, the statement of financial position can be interpreted as a summary of the condition of assets, liabilities, and equity of a business or company. Under certain conditions, statements of financial position are also often referred to as balance sheets. The accounting information provided by the American Accounting Association (AAA) is as follows: Accountingis the process of identifying, measuring and communicating economic information to permit informed judgment and decision by user of the information. Financial accounting is a series of processes that will produce information, namely financial statements that will be used by interested parties. Through the literature study method, the author explains the statement of financial position and the components that make up the statement of financial position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Banking risk management is considered weak compared to rapid changes in financial markets. In light of the recent global financial crisis, banking risk management has become a significant concern of banking regulators and government agencies. This work aims to build a model for assessing banking risks. The primary study method is economic–mathematical modeling based on the standardized model of the Basel Committee for Operational Risk Management, the modified CAPM model, and the model developed by Shapiro and Cornell for currency risk management. The information base was the financial statements of Bank Credit Agricole (Poland). As a result, an economic–mathematical model is built, which is the optimal combination of operational, currency, and credit risk management models. This model calculates the optimal values of bank balance sheet items, which allows for making the right management decisions. It allowed adjusting the value of the bank profit by 3.6 million US dollars. In conclusion, considering the results of banking risk modeling, the need to build a strategy for the bank's development is determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flooding is New Zealand's most frequent natural hazard, responsible for the highest number of declared civil defence emergencies and greatest regular economic loss. Stopbanks (levees) perform a critical flood protection function in all regions of the country. However, there have been limited and inconsistent records on the location and physical attributes of these stopbanks at a national level. Through collaboration with regional government representatives, we provide the first standardised national inventory of stopbanks, the New Zealand Inventory of Stopbanks (NZIS). The NZIS provides a standardised geospatial overview of New Zealand's 5284 km long stopbank network, enabling spatial reviews and comparisons of flood protection characteristics at national and regional scales. Around 64% of New Zealand's total stopbank length is situated within five regions (Canterbury, Waikato, Southland, Manawatu-Whanganui and Bay of Plenty), while the nation's most densely population region, Auckland, accounts for just 1.9% of the total national stopbank length. Our research uses the NZIS geospatial dataset to conduct a preliminary exposure assessment of New Zealand's stopbank network to seismic and co-seismic hazards; including proximity to known active earthquake faults, ground shaking intensities and susceptibility to liquefaction and landslides. Preliminary exposure assessments provide an example of how the NZIS can be adopted and applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dopamine transporter (DAT) is involved in dopamine (DA) reuptake in presynaptic terminals. Deletion of DAT results in a hyperdopaminergic KO-rat phenotype. To conduct our studies in heterozygous DAT rats, several pedigree lines were created, with known derivation of the allele (i.e., maternal or paternal). Our purpose was to elucidate the role of parental origin rather than maternal care, assessing if maternal maltreatments generated sequelae in female offspring. In the first experiment, female rats and their pups were observed during postnatal lactation. Control dams were WT and heterozygous ones were MAT (but K-MAT, with previous experience of early maltreatment by their KO adoptive dams). WT dams were highly attracted to their offspring (predictably, they spent a lot of time licking their pups); in contrast, K-MAT dams showed strangely comparable levels of caring for their pups and exploring the environment. Subsequently, peculiar features of the circadian cycle were found in adolescent rats with different epigenotypes (WT, MUX = offspring of MAT father, MIK = offspring of K-MAT dam). The MIK epigenotype produced locomotor hyperactivity also during resting hours, well above typical values. The MUX epigenotype, on the other hand, was less active and presented a depression-like profile. This study is unique: maltreatment was generated in a spontaneous way from a DAT-KO mother to offspring. We highlight how future studies will address separate contributions by genotype and upbringing. In conclusion, paternal-allele asset generates sequelae diametrically opposed to the inheritance of early maternal trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annali di Igiene, Medicina Preventiva e di Comunità is the property of Societa Editrice Universo s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study uses individual-level wealth data to explore the gender dimensions of asset poverty among the principal adults in Ecuadorean households, the first such study in a developing country. The study departs from conventional practice by analyzing not only sole heads but also partnered men and women heads and show systematic differences by gender, marital status, and household type. Among both sole and partnered heads, women are more likely to be asset poor than men. Further, in contrast to developed countries, asset poverty rates are much higher among partnered men and women than among sole men and women heads, largely because of structural factors that put those in consensual unions at a disadvantage in accumulating assets. The gender gap, however, is much larger among sole heads. In Ecuador, the risk of asset poverty is mainly associated with low levels of education, type of employment, and not having received an inheritance. HIGHLIGHTS This study uses individual-level asset data to explore the extent of asset poverty in Ecuador. Women in Ecuador are more likely to be asset poor compared to men. The gender asset gap is more prominent among sole heads of household. Asset poverty rates are the highest among women in consensual unions. Education, employment, and inheritance significantly explain asset poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

5 The term Asset Administration Shell (AAS) is used for expressing the information snuggles around the asset in the Information World administering the asset of the Physical World in the Information World. That means that from information point of view the representation of the simulated Physical World objects remain the same in the Information World, i.e simulation can communicate, provide information and functions and even can be integrated in business processes. 6 IEC 62832-1:2020 Industrial-process measurement, control and automation - Digital factory framework - Part 1: General principles IEC 62832-2:2020 Industrial-process measurement, control and automation - Digital factory framework - Part 2: Model elements IEC 62832-3:2020 Industrial-process measurement, control and automation - Digital factory framework - Part 3: Application of Digital Factory for life cycle management of production systems. 5 The content of the Asset Administration Shell (AAS) According to the requirements of RAMI4.0 the information on technical and other standardized function(s) of a specific object are located in the AAS (usually as a number of Submodels according to Figure 6). [Extracted from the article]

Food security is a complex phenomenon involving socio-cultural and economic factors. This study examines the impact of gender inequality in livestock asset ownership on household food security in the Wa West District of Ghana. Data were collected from 400 households based on a crosssectional survey and a multistage sampling of the respondents. Gender disparity in livestock asset distribution among men and women within the household was ascertained using the Gini index. In contrast, the household food consumption score technique was employed to determine the household food security status. A binary logit regression model was used to assess the effect of gender inequality in livestock assets on household food security. The results indicated that men owned 1.72 TLU compared to an average of 0.22 TLU owned by women. Livestock's contribution to household food security was estimated at 16% of annual household food expenditure, with a composition of 0.90% for jointly owned, 6.04% for women-owned and 9.14% for men-owned livestock. Also, 33% of households were food insecure and 67% of them were food-secure at the time of the survey. The empirical results showed that a unit increase in the Gini index of livestock asset distribution in favour of men harms household food security. The results further showed that household ownership of livestock, as well as farm size and education, negatively influence household food insecurity. In contrast, household size, female-headed households and dependency ratio positively affect household food insecurity in the study area. Based on the study, it is recommended that development programmes target women's economic empowerment and education to bridge the livestock assets gender gap and improve food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article attempts to analyze livelihood asset that influence the livelihood strategies of agricultural households in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The study used multinomial logit model for determining the connection amongst livelihood asset and livelihood strategies. Average index value of livelihood asset was 0.297 in the area, that indicates the disadvantageous nature in livelihood asset of agricultural households, uncovering the subtle living standard of agricultural households and lacking prospects of economic development. The research findings reveal that human capital, financial and social capital of livelihood asset has positive significant effect on the choice of agricultural households' livelihood strategies in the models of rural households type II and rural households type III. The empirical findings depicted that the more human capital, financial capital and social capital that are owned by agricultural households, probably more they have to select strategies of livelihood involving to be engaged in rural households type II and rural households type III. Similarly, the effect of physical capital has positive significant effect on the choice of strategy of livelihood in rural households type III model, in other words, the more physical capital owned by agricultural households, probably more they have to select strategies of livelihood involving to be engaged in rural households type III model. The empirical findings orate for high demand of up-gradation of livelihood asset in all capitals of agricultural households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]