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The access of rural societies to welfare opportunities and resources is at the core of policy and research agendas. The persistent ruralurban gap increases the risks of exclusion and is a challenge that rural dwellers tackle by bolstering their mobility to access labour markets, resources and services. The car has become a vector in the connections and transformations that sustain rural life; however, this mobility is also a source of new fractures in social and territorial cohesion. This paper explores how the rural mobility system has been shaped and analyses its impact on these societies. The results suggest integrating the issue of mobility into rural policies from a more complex sociological perspective, addressing demographic challenges, regional development and territorial cohesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the income gender gap has been widely researched to date, less attention has been paid to the wealth gender gap. This paper analyses individual-level data taken from the Spanish tax agency between 2012 and 2017 and documents the existence of an increasing wealth gap in Spain in this period. Through a comparative analysis, we find a clear difference in wealth accumulation patterns between the two genders, especially with regards to holdings of equity in productive companies. We also find that both women and men in the highest quantiles of the wealth distribution have increased their wealth and that men hold more assets that women. With respect to income distribution, the data shows that men's income accounts for a larger share of total income, which reinforces the gender gap related to economic resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper formulates a proposal for the construction of two composite indicators of social inequality intended for the comparative analysis of the social stratification between Spain and Argentina as a result of various comparative research advances carried out in different projects over the last few years. A multidimensional theoretical perspective on social stratification is adopted and an analysis model for comparative study between the two countries is implemented, which incorporates the gender dimension, which reduces coverage bias selecting the entire society and which takes into account household as an analysis unit, thus avoiding population dismemberment. We hypothesize that both countries maintain similar general patterns in terms of social stratification that structure the social inequalities of households. Although structuring patterns are common, the levels of inequality they entail are accentuated in the case of Argentina. We also understand that these levels are reproduced both when whole of society is taken into account and when only households with an employed population are considered. To account for the hypothesis, the article presents two strategies that seek to obtain two measures of social stratification as composite indicators. On the one hand, following the typological construction methodology that we call structural and articulated, where we seek to obtain a qualitative measure through a Typology of Social Stratification (TSS). On the other hand, and in the context of this methodology, we propose to generate an alternative composite indicator that measures inequalities with a quantitative variable through a Social Stratification Index (SSI). In both cases, the ultimate objective is to use these measures in the comparative study of social stratification over time and through space. In this paper, Spain and Argentina are compared with 2018 sectional data and the hypothesis is partially corroborated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the significance of cooperatives in the territorial development of the province of Chefchaouen on the basis of the actions linked to the National Initiative for Human Development (INDH) between 2011-2018. Both quantitative methodology is used, to analyse variables such as the number of cooperatives, projects implemented, investment made or subsidies received or their territorial distribution, and qualitative methodology through information obtained from 12 in-depth interviews conducted in the field. The quantitative results show the scarcity of cooperatives and subsidised projects, as well as their concentration in the most dynamic communes, marginalising the poorest territories. Respondents' answers reveal the importance of the Initiative's support both for the implementation of projects and for improving the competitiveness of cooperatives. Other relevant aspects are, among others, the identification of the obstacles that still hinder the development of the cooperative fabric. It is concluded that the study area has not benefited sufficiently from this aid due to the lack of support and dynamization of the different institutions, and it is proposed that development and cooperation offices with the necessary human and logistical resources be created at the provincial level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper exposes a theoretical approach proposal for the analysis of social inequalities through the notions of socialization and subjective experience, from a comprehensive sociology and Schutz's phenomenological perspective. The intention is to emphasize the subjective dimension in the phenomenon of inequality, which refers to the naturalization that occurs through the mental categories that we use to look at and build the social world, and that results in an aspect that strongly adds to structural conditioning of this problem. In particular, it is proposed to study this phenomenon in the context of high school, since it represents a particular period of life in which teenagers appropriate identity categories and in relation to the social order in which they operate. The results, from this approach, propose to rescue the role of the educational institution in the subjective incorporation of this problem, and, with it, address school practices and their objective effects on the lives of students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colombia is one of the most inequal countries in Latin America, which at the same time, is the most inequal region of the world. Even though this situation is discouraging it is not new, the difference lays on the importance that this situation has been taken in the political agenda in the nation, awakening multiple expectative between the citizens who has been the eternal losers: the poor. This paper focuses on the challenges that the new government of Gustavo Petro faces in matter of the inequality and poverty that affects over the half of the population in Colombia, at the same time provides a context of the Colombian case in the conjuncture of global and regional socioeconomic changes that incident on the chances of fulfill structural transformations at the social policy. Although this research acknowledges a large spectrum of inequalities existing in the territory (gender, generational, ethnic, racial) it focusses on the income inequality. This analysis takes place based on the data of specialized sources on the subject and the monitoring fluctuations of inequality in Colombia in the last decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses a set of situations of daily mobility referred to the social collective of femal domestic workers in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Region. Our main objective is to identify--from a structural perspective--the general features o these workers' mobility and their relation to socia differentiation as a characteristic of the metropolitan city. Domestic workers represent a high proportion of the female metropolitan workers. This group ha been characterized by extremely vulnerable socia conditions and precarious labor relations. Regarding mobility, they make the longest trips, with mor transfers, and mainly by public transport. Th spatiality of their trips reveals the social geography of cities and their residential inequalities. W relied on the quantitative analysis of the mobility data generated by public institutions in terms o socio-territorial differentiation. Results show th metropolitan articulation and differentiation between residential and employment locations, where thre mobility subsystems can be distinguished: local subregional, and metropolitan. This approach help to understand the current metropolitan dynamic in terms of scenarios of multiple interactions and diverse social temporalities, evincing socio-spatia segregation processes in city and mobility model that favor inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze Neoliberalism as one of the factors that lead to the production of conceptions of school failure. The objective is to discuss how neoliberal ideals are introduced in the school setting, causing social, political, and economic relations to be reproduced at school. Furthermore, to understand how these ideals transform the meaning of school. Regarding methodology, It is a bibliographical research divided in two moments: to explain the basis of Neoliberalism and its unfoldings, and henceforth, to present articles that demonstrate conceptions of failure and that are close to themes that refer to the neoliberal ideal. Therefore the research, it was possible to realize that the fundamental theme that links these concepts is the reproduction of social inequality at school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]