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The study aims at examining the urgent changes in the Israeli position from the Syrian crisis (2011-2017) which came as a result of the complexities of the positions of the conflicting parties to the conflict and the problems it left for Israel in visualizing the final status in line with its strategic interests. This made Israel deal with the crisis from the beginning in a tactical manner, and according to the updates imposed. Thus, the Israeli position on the crisis has undergone several transformations, influenced to a large extent by the development of its events, which is linked to the set of international and regional changes intertwined with it. This position ranged between the state of ambiguity, and sometimes limited intervention during the first years of the crisis, and the sufficiency of relying on the United States to protect its interests, and direct military action after the Russian intervention in 2015, to confront the threats to its national security, represented mainly by the growing of the Iranian controlling power from its northern border. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We argue that different formulations of hydrodynamics are related to uncertainties in the definitions of local thermodynamic and hydrodynamic variables. We show that this ambiguity can be resolved by viewing different formulations of hydrodynamics as particular "gauge choices" which lead to the same physical behavior of the system. Using the example of bulk viscosity, we show that Bemfica–Disconzi–Noronha–Kovtun (BDNK) and Israel–Stewart hydrodynamics are particular "gauge choices" of this type, related by a well-defined transformation of thermodynamic and hydrodynamic variables. We argue that this gauge ambiguity is necessary to ascertain the causality of stochastic hydrodynamic evolution and conjecture that it could explain the applicability of hydrodynamics outside its expected regime of validity since far from equilibrium and close to equilibrium may be related through transformations of this type. The paper discusses the role of microscopic statistical mechanics within hydrodynamics with arbitrary frame redefinition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]