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The main aim of the paper is to present the results of a qualitative research that mapped the situation in the field of institutional education in the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic. In the paper we will introduce the system of institutional education in the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic and describe the most important legislation. At the end of the paper, we will discuss the findings that we have observed during our research. We will point out the common areas and the most significant differences. Our paper will offer an opportunity to better understand the specifics of each system of institutional education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reflects the research aim and starting points of the APVV-18- 0115 project entitled Language in the City – Documenting the Multimodal Semiosphere of Linguistic Landscapes in Slovakia and in a Comparative Perspective. As formulated by its main author, Wolfgang Schulze (2018), the presented interdisciplinary project is focused on “the general research paradigms of the so-called cultural linguistics, sociolinguistics, multimodal linguistics, and cultural semiotics.” Within this context, the paper addresses the means used to express appeal in the linguistic landscape (order, ban, instruction, warning, request, or plea). The author draws on the characteristics and functions of imperative and its competitive forms in the German language, and observes their manifestations in the linguistic landscape. The analysis of the grammatical structures used for expressing the appeal deals with the material collected during the field research performed in the specifically selected parts of Erlangen, Germany. For the purpose of this analysis, the research material was complemented by the signs collected in the more frequented parts of Erlangen as well, i.e., places with increased movement and concentration of people such as the railway station, public transportation vehicles, malls, university, university library. The goal of this paper is to outline the means used in the German linguistic landscape to express an appeal and guide the behaviour of the intended recipients. The comparative perspective is applied not only in the examination and analysis of the research sample, but it also extends to the Slovak language. The results of the analysis are compared with the way an appeal is expressed in the Slovak linguistic landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, a number of experts in the Czech Republic and Slovakia are ceasing their activities. For many of them, the reason is mandatory examinations; in some other cases, it is, for example, the unclear liability of the expert witness along with large penalties for violation of given rules. The purpose of the paper is to define the fundamental parameters of expert witness liability in the Czech Republic and Slovakia in the light of the global trends in the field. The primary method to achieve this goal was content analysis. The data source used was legal documents, as well as opinions published in scholarly and expert publications. The liability of expert witnesses lies not only in the compliance with the set rules and standards but also in the ability to adapt to new challenges and ensure that their wok is as relevant and accurate as possible. Expert witnesses thus bear liability at multiple levels, including ethics, professional standards, legal obligations, and practical considerations. Nevertheless, there is no established judicial practice in this area in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to address rural transportation sustainability by exploring the inclusion of demand-responsive transport (DRT) into the public transport system. To assess the feasibility of this approach, an agent-based model has been developed to calculate the costs and revenues and applied in case study of rural region of eastern Slovakia. While the DRT operations are generally unprofitable, under specific conditions, 31% of routes serviced by DRT recorded lower losses than bus transport, particularly in areas with low demand and during off-peak hours. These findings imply that DRT could serve as a viable option in enhancing rural transport accessibility and bolstering the cost-effectiveness of public transportation, however, it cannot entirely replace conventional bus transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global business literacy is generally considered one of the key competencies important for functioning in today's interconnected global business world. Despite some studies investigating its determinants carried out worldwide, findings related to Central Europe are rather scarce. The aim of this paper is to identify the effects especially of stay abroad experiences, but also other related factors on cultivation of global business literacy of university students. For this purpose, a total of 255 business students from the Czech Republic and Slovakia filled out the online questionnaire. The results of correlation and regression analysis showed that the most important factor for cultivating global business literacy is the completion of a course related to international business, followed by the intensity of interactions with foreigners. The stay abroad experiences significantly positively affect only the self-efficacy dimension of global business literacy. Overall, it appears that global business literacy can be well developed also through internalization activities at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, innovations introduced in companies that are exposed to a complex business environment are a hot topic of discussion. Their growth and sustainability are intrinsically linked to innovation processes. In order for enterprises to move forward, this very issue with its emphasis on strategic sustainability in such enterprises represents, in our view, a research gap that needs to be continuously explored in greater depth. In the present paper, we focus on Slovak enterprises that are based on the development of new products in Slovakia and which are also part of a stagnant innovation environment. Attention is drawn to selected aspects influencing innovation in enterprises, which should be perceived by companies not as a burden, but as an intrinsic need for their further development and their sustainability in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our paper rests on two fundamentals: firstly, the EU's initiative to deepen cooperation with and the prospect of its enlargement to the Western Balkans region; and, secondly, the urgency to address sustainable development issues in the international environment. As the virtual water perspective represents an innovative approach in the field of sustainable development, the aim of our paper is to analyse trade-related characteristics based on the water footprint concept (complementary to the alternative RCA/RTA indexes designed to calculate a country's comparative advantage or disadvantage). In our paper, we analyse and evaluate selected commodities traded by the Slovak Republic and the Western Balkans countries in terms of the absolute/comparative advantage related to the national water footprints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By selecting a specific productive element of household, or individual, consumption, i. e. education, in view of its future significance, the paper's main objective is to find out and verify the importance of determinants that influence one's decision-making about it. It is necessary to characterize the productive element of consumption and a certain approach to it, thereby allowing one to become aware of the current situation and point out its magnitude in the context of the SR's future development. The analytical part comprises analyses of the current situation and determinants of the selected productive element (primarily from the economic and psychological points of view) and then outlines probable challenges of future development in the country's conditions. In terms of initial data sources, the paper follows from the Household Budget Survey statistics and research, own research and own questionnaire survey used for the purposes of this paper. The paper claims that decision-making of households about education expenditures is influenced by several simultaneous factors de-pending on an observed group of respondents, particularly in terms of their standard of living, perceived satisfaction, and overall attitude. The analytical part also reveals that decision-making of Slovakian households confirms a number of conclusions made by behavioural economists in the sphere of decisionmaking mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a brief look at selected chapters from the history of electroacoustic music in Slovakia in the 20th and 21st centuries. Despite all the vicissitudes of its development (both condemnation and glorification), electroacoustic music has been a vibrant, pulsating and dynamic sphere of Slovak musical art for over sixty years. The birth and formation of electroacoustic music in Slovakia was primarily the work of two studios – the Sound Studio of the Cs. Television and the Experimental Studio of the Cs. Radio in Bratislava (EXS), standing at the cutting edge of technological development. Slovak composers of several generations created their electroacoustic musical visions there. While the activities of the Sound Studio of the Cs. Television were gradually curtailed due to political pressure on television production, the activities of the EXS were gaining in genre breadth and artistic depth. Although EXS eventually lost its institutional base in the 21st century, its activities have not diminished and it continues to pursue artistic Ars Acustica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Securities are an integral part of the basic instruments of the capital market not only in the conditions of the Slovak Republic. In practice, several contractual types contained in the Securities and Investment Services Act are used in securities trading. It is primarily an agreement on the sorting of the securities portfolio, which is used by securities traders. However, this contract consists of several types of contract, which address the issue of procuring the purchase or sale of a security, its safekeeping and administration. In this article, we focus on the examination of individual contract types / activities, which together as a whole represent a contract on the management of a securities portfolio by a securities trader. With the help of scientific research methods as well as with the use of scientific and doctrinal interpretation in Slovak but also foreign professional literature and as case law, answers will be provided to selected application problems from practice. A comprehensive legal examination of the agreement on the management of the securities portfolio in the conditions of the Slovak Republic is the main goal of this paper, which belongs to the area of business and financial law with certain overlaps in economics and financial management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, it is not easy to define and recognise the innovative potential of an enterprise in a market environment. It is about identifying the components, relationships and understanding the concepts, interconnections and achieving the expected economic, social, environmental consequences of introducing and managing innovation. Innovation is associated with increased performance, the creation of new markets and competitive advantage. Enterprises are innovating to defend their existing competitive positions as well as to seek a sustainable competitive advantage. The paper's main goal was to examine the degree of the introduction of innovations in enterprises in Slovakia in the era of Industry 4.0 on the basis of a knowledge base and a questionnaire survey. By applying theoretical knowledge and statistical methods of evaluating the questionnaire survey, we came to potential opportunities for the development of innovation activity in the ongoing fourth industrial revolution in the surveyed enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on the components of successful online learning and teaching environments. By following a socio-cultural perspective on learning, the author underlines the importance of teacher-student and student-student interaction and the role of small groups in efficient online learning. The paper presents the findings of a case study investigating how a previously offline university bachelor course, Drama Techniques in Teaching English as a Foreign Language I. was transformed to virtual space during the lockdown period in Slovakia in the winter term of the 2020/2021 academic year, at the J. Selye University, Faculty of Education, Komárno. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Slovak Republic is characterized by regional disparities, which are also reflected in the labor market. The aim of our paper is to examine the development of the Slovak labor market and evaluate the level of regional labor markets on the basis of selected indicators in the years 2001-2019. We examine the situation on the labor market in the regions of the Slovak Republic on the basis of the development of economic activity, employment, unemployment, average wage and the proportion of employed with tertiary education. To evaluate regional disparities in our article, we use two methods: the scoring method and the method of a uniform normalized variable. With both methods used, the Bratislava region was best placed in 2001 and in 2019. The worst evaluation in 2001 was achieved by the Nitra region and in 2019 by the Prešov region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural and social realia are in the 2nd grade of elementary schools being taught primarily as a part of the Elementary realia subject. This subject, not only in Slovakia but also in the Czech Republic, has in the last decade undergone several content changes. This research paper shows comparison of educational content of the Elementary realia subject in the two above mentioned countries, which had originally identical content. The authors conducted a research, in which they focused on comparing the current contents of the Elementary realia by utilizing in-depth analysis. In presented research paper, they present partial results of the research with an emphasis on topics, that can enhance pupils’ knowledge of forest environment. The core of teaching Elementary realia is the conceptual process. The concepts were discovered by the analysis, and these were related to the topics, which pupils are expected to adopt and understand. Authors were able to convert these concepts from theory into application, more specifically into the education construct, which essentially supports the educational contents of Elementary realia via aestheticeducational objects. This represents a strategy, of how to stimulate pupils’ relationship to the environment and their environmentally responsible behavior, as a part of sustainable development education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper applies the DEA to evaluate revenue efficiency using the traditional (TRE) and new (NRE) model. We show how to make the relevant calculations in RStudio and discuss application in the banking area. Using balanced panel data from 2008 to 2017, we compared the efficiency of Czech and Slovak banks. The results showed that the TRE ranged from 24.15% to 100%, and NRE ranged from 29.68% to 100%. The results showed that a higher efficiency was in the case of banks located in Czech Republic and pointed to the fact that large banks were the most efficient. The results of nonparametric test for equality of densities pointed to the fact that it depends on selected methodology, bank size and also the location of banks. The results were also verified by the GMM model, which signalized, that the level of efficiency depended mainly on the efficiency in the previous year, but also on the location of the bank in the new revenue model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to review and outline the strategic changes and their main impact on the developing of KGI and KPI indicators in the selected performance management model that is the Balanced Scorecard, further referred to as BSC. The monitored market subjects are primarily both the micro and the small and mediumsized enterprises in the automotive industry in the Slovak Republic. The paper focuses on both modern and traditional performance indicators. The core of the analytical part is the review of the current situation of the selected KGIs of the automobile industry in Slovakia and the analysis of the predicted changes that have been transferred into the individual BSC perspectives and particular KGI and KPI indicators. The discussion and recommendation contain the analysis of the key strategic changes, threads and adaptability to the challenges of industry 4.0 in the Slovak Republic. It is especially a systemic perspective on the subject and the analysis of the specific changes in the strategic, operative and process-related indicators including the updated data from the automotive industry that is so enlightening. The paper also outlines the possible solutions and measures in relation to the monitored changes of the selected and most frequently used KGI indicators. Moreover, it could be very useful when the performance management models are implemented in small and medium-sized enterprises in the conditions of Slovak reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contribute to the extension of risk management issues in specific form of doing business in case of small and medium enterprises – clusters. The clustering creates new strategies and brings through a shared approach not only various economic and non-economic benefits, but also various risk factors influenced their activities. There is specific typology of clusters in Slovakia. Within this typology we recognize technological and tourism clusters. The largest group of clusters’ stakeholders are small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The main aim of the paper is to evaluate the perception of six risk categories by SMEs that have experience with cluster cooperation. In order to address this analysis in this research we used the results of questionnaire surveys. For evaluation of the differences in perception of risk categories between technological and tourism SMEs we used the Mann Whitney's test. The significant risk categories were determined by Pareto analysis. The ways of risks’ prevention were presented in register of risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sickness of an employee and his/her recognition as temporarily incapable for work has several important consequences in labor relations. If an employee sees a physician because of an ailment and thus is recognized as temporarily incapable for work based on the found health condition, the duties of such an employee is suspended and he will not go to work because of his/her illness and will not receive wages. The paper analyses the problematics of the rise and duration of temporary incapacity for work which follows certain legal guidelines. Since the question of financial support during temporary incapacity for work is of high importance for the sick employee, his title for financial compensation during temporary incapacity for work is pointed out in the paper. Even though the above mentioned type of hindrance to work is rather common, in reality there is inadequate knowledge of this field and that is why the issue is paid attention in our paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the political influence of NGOs and civil society on political development. Non-governmental organizations have no direct impact on government actions, but they have an opinion-forming function, by which they can influence citizens and voters. In this respect, it is important that NGOs act in the interest of citizens, which is a sensitive and difficult to prove topic in the case of foreign funding. Just as civil society needs to organize itself in NGOs for its development, these organizations need funding for their activities. The interest of government should be to ensure sufficient funding for this area, which will to some extent prevent the influence of foreign donors on the political situation in the given country. The article is addressing a current issue, as NGOs are an integral part of any democratic society. Their influence on the political situation was noticeable in Slovakia before the 1998 parliamentary elections, when they influenced the electoral behavior of citizens, thus influencing the overall result of the elections. Contemporary literary sources, opinions of Slovak experts, but also the theoretical definitions of NGOs and civil society were used to better understand the position of NGOs in the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper offers an analysis of the current situation in so-called ‘second chance education’ in Slovakia. It is characterised by problematic accessibility, especially for people with little or no education, while the rate of early school leaving in Slovakia has been steadily increasing in recent years. According to Švec (2008, p. 225), second chance education is understood as “an opportunity for adults to obtain, in a continuous education cycle, the kind and level of education usually acquired in childhood or youth during the initial education cycle”. Education of this kind is framed by several legal norms in Slovakia, particularly focusing on the legal framework of education aimed at lower secondary education (ISCED 2) and secondary vocational education (ISCED 2C, 3A, 3C). At the same time, forms of second chance education and problems with their application in practice are dealt with. The paper also includes available statistical data on the number of people who have completed this type of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with innovations in security policy, which are mainly influenced in relation to cyberspace. Currently, cybersecurity issues are among the most discussed, mainly because most of both the professional as well as personal activities have moved to the online environment. Along the advantages of this phenomenon which undoubtedly include, in particular, the use of the Internet, we may also distinguish in an exponentially increasing magnitude the risks of cyber-hazard of various levels of significance. It is therefore essential to have an institutional framework of public authorities ensuring the safe use of the online environment as well as for dealing with possible security incidents. The aim of the paper is thus to analyze those public administration bodies in the Slovak Republic that have powers in the researched area, as well as to point out the modern trends related to this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper is devoted to analysis of the problematic aspects of tourism sector development in Slovak economy in terms of the robotics and automation issues being affected by Industry 4.0 concept implementation and find out their consequences. The main objective of the research is to estimate the impact of robotics, automation and digitalization within Slovak tourism business that might affect the new job creation and job disposal along with the labor force adaptability to it. The way how robotics is being implemented in hotel business, the particular example is to be illustrated on the Hotel Elizabeth in Trenčín, Slovakia by means of the structured interview as the principal scientific method, the hotel managers were inquired by. Further analysis is provided on a database of Eurostat, Ministry of Economy of Slovak Republic, UNWTO and OECD. The results have shown that automation and robotics of activities in hotel business can help tourism industry improve its performance also contribute to productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Opera as a musical-dramatic phenomenon crystallized in European music of the 17th century, began to develop in Slovakia relatively late. Factors that had an impact on the development of Slovak opera are primarily aesthetic and social. Stylistic and thought tendencies were connected with the possibilities of opera authors to compose in freedom and in its sense to apply fundamental aspects and compositional procedures in opera works, which are internally harmonized with it. This possibility was not a matter of course in all development periods of Slovak opera. In this paper, we provide an insight into the explored issues of the development of opera in Slovakia from the baroque to the romanticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with realization of technology education in Slovakia on the level of primary and lower secondary education - so called basic schools. (ISCED 1, ISCED 2). At the first part of the paper, there is analysed impact of the curriculum reform from 2008 and innovated State educational program from 2015 on the scope and content of technology education. Consequently, in the second part of the paper there are presented results of a research aimed at the impact of the reform and innovated State educational program on the level of knowledge acquired by pupils 7th grade of basic schools in frame of teaching the school subject technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper we present the conclusions of the research about the close relations represented by parents and peers and risk behavior production in adolescent age at Slovak state schools. We introduce the problem on the base of our previous research results, Jessor`s concept of syndrome of risk behavior in adolescence and theories of attachment. Research sample consists of 1011 adolescents in the age 10 - 15 from all regions of Slovakia. As the research methods we used QRB (Questionnaire of Risk Behaviour; Čerešník, 2016) and IPPA-R (Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment – Revised; Greenberg, Armsden, 1987). We assumed that the weak close relations will increase the risk behavior production. The results showed the assumption can be supported, especially in the relation to mother and father. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teaching methods can be characterized as a deliberate arrangement of teaching content and activities of teacher and student, which is heading towards achievement of the educational and training objectives. The teaching form is understood as an organizational form of teaching by which the teacher implements the teaching process through various methods in different environments. Diversity of educational systems of the United States, Iceland and Slovakia predetermines the differences in teaching methods and forms. As the teaching in individual countries is quite different, the aim of this paper is to compare school education system. Iceland is currently a very popular destination for many tourists and is a compact location, for which reason we present on its example one of the outdoor teaching forms of regional landscape geography, a proposal for a geographical excursion. Its application and use is possible within the framework of interdisciplinary relations of natural as well as social sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents linguistic landscape (LL) research into the Banská Bystrica intra-urban space focused specifically on multimodality of the researched objects. The presented partial qualitative synchronous and diachronous analysis of the samples collected at Horná Street and the Námestie SNP Square in the city is a part of the larger project entitled APVV-18-0115 Language in the City – Documenting the Multimodal Semiosphere of Linguistic Landscapes in Slovakia and in a Comparative Perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we collected best practices and tools for the development of spatial imagination. We divided tools into 3 groups: planar aids, spatial aids, and board games. In the case of planar aids, we present the Tangram puzzle, the Geoboard, the Indian mosaic and the Poliomino. As for spatial aids, we analysed the Polydron, the Geomag, Pop-up projects, the Zometoll, the 4D Frame, and the Jomili as suitable development tools. It is difficult to find a suitable development game among board games, because they are explored insufficiently. We recommend four games, the Ubongo, the Q- bitz, the Rumis and the Blokus. In this study we would like to eliminate the shortcomings in the teaching of mathematics, because these best practices, which develop spatial imagination, are not sufficiently known in Slovakia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES. The authors examine the current state of adolescent university students’ awareness of restorative justice in Slovakia, while focusing on the attitudes towards persons serving an alternative sentence (other than a custodial sentence). BACKGROUND. Presented research has background in theoretical concept of forensic social work which. Forensic social work generally focuses on the dimension of problem behavior, which in Slovak conditions falls within the competence of the Department of Social and Legal Protection of Children and Social Guardianship. Also this area of social work concentrates on the behavior of the social work clients in the context of delinquency to criminal activities. The present paper attempts to explicate the factors, including changeable and risky ones, affecting the attitudes of adolescent university students (from the fields of humanities and technical sciences) towards a shift from retributive to restorative justice by means of alternative non-custodial sentencing. METHODS. In present research, original questionnaire (consisting of 26 questions) was used in order to explore the stu′sd eantttitudes to restorative justice and persons serving an alternative sentence. RESULTS. The findings of the study have revealed that social work students are more sensitive to restorative justice and alternative sentence. Furthermore, the present research has shown that attitudes can be changed trought the level of knowledge and awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

University campuses significantly influence functioning and development of urban landscapes and their quality also affects the quality of surrounding environment. This paper presents not only the issues and dimensions of university campuses, analyses of various approaches to their understanding, but also the methodology of their further study – the methodology of multi-criteria evaluation of the quality of university campuses and their potential, with respect to their future development. The study also focuses on the interpretation of the results from measurements of specific university campuses across Austria as representatives of different perspectives on the overall form of university complexes. The results reveal a comparison between the chosen Austrian campuses and the selected campus within the Slovak Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Having a child with an incurable disease is a very difficult situation for the family and it interferes with their whole lives. Palliative care is provided by a specially educated multidisciplinary team that works closely with the members so that they can solve all kinds of problems together. In addition to healthcare professionals, social workers are often a part of the multidisciplinary team as well. The paper shows the specifics of paediatric palliative care, its current trends, development and further characteristics of work of social workers. Through ongoing research the authors are mapping the current state of providing palliative care in Slovakia. The paper presents partial results focused on roles of social workers in selected organizations providing specialized paediatric palliative care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the incidence of client violence in the Slovak Republic. The author presents a definition of client violence. It offers an overview of research on the issue of client violence in the helping professions with an emphasis on research undertaken in the field of social work in different countries. The author presents a retrospective view of client violence research - comparison of results obtained in 2007 and 2013. The findings confirm the increased incidence of all forms of client violence. It also offers a comparison of client violence with researches from different countries. At the end of this paper the author is checking the relationship between client violence and supervision and preventive measures for victims of workplace violence, which she verified by the correlation analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reports part of the results of a study where the teacher's level of education effectiveness in inclusive classrooms (TEIP) was examined. There were 1216 (N) pedagogical employees of various school types and levels who participated in the research in the Slovak Republic (hereinafter SR), out of which 98% were teachers and 86% women. A self-designed questionnaire which included a modified range of the standardised instrument -- TEIP was used. Respondents filled in an anonymous questionnaire administered online. The main results show that a relatively high level of effective teaching is demonstrated by teachers who work as special teachers, teachers in special primary and high schools, or work with an SEN student (assistants). Teachers with a higher career grade showed a higher attitude score in the perception of their own professional ability to cooperate. There are stimulating results in the area concerning an ongoing society-wide strategy of integrating students with special educational needs (SEN students) into mainstream education. They will be further analysed and discussed in the context of other variables, as well as student samples that were part of the broader context in this research carried out by the KEGA project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the system of application of European Union coordination regulations on the payment of family allowances. It focuses on comparing selected controlable family benefits, namely parental allowance, to compare the duration of parental leave in the EU Member States between 2010 and 2016 with respect to the Slovak Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents description of the conceptual analysis of a lesson, socalled AAA methodology - as a mean through which a teacher` professional competences and teaching mastery can be developed, independently on his/her majors, consequently this methodology is applied on the analysis of a lesson of the subject technology, which is a compulsory subject taught at upper level of primary schools in Slovakia and there is point out how a training in the use of this methodology can influence the ability of teachers to make teaching of their subject to be more attractive and interesting for their pupils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ageing could be perceived as a dimension encompassing potentially novel roles with favourable and unfavourable connotations. This study explores the views and knowledge of the ageing process and the older generation from university students' perspectives. 60 students enrolled in universities in Slovakia participated in asynchronous email interviews. The data analysis employed a thematic content analysis to interpret the study's outcomes. The results suggest that the viewpoints of university students play a pivotal role in shaping their strategies towards embracing healthy and active ageing in the light of the moral development theory. Higher education institutions should prioritise the positive development of students´ attitudes to ageing and the ageing population by fostering the holistic development of their personality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In their contribution, the authors approach the issue of changes in coordination skills in children of younger school age due to movement games. 40 children from the Roma settlement at the Primary School in Lomnička in the Stará Ľubovňa district in the eastern part of Slovakia participated in our research. The goal of the contribution is to implement motor coordination tests selected by us. abilities in the experimental and control group in children of the 4th year of primary education. At the same time, evaluate the body weight and body height of children with the simultaneous calculation of the Body Mass Index (BMI). We evaluate the obtained results on the basis of Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test. Our experiment lasted 8 weeks, and we performed measurements for both groups at the beginning and at the end of the monitored period. We recorded the best performance improvements in both the experimental and control groups in the "catching the ball and then stopping it" test and in the test "jumping over the jump rope" in 30 s. Due to the increased interest in testing among children from the Roma settlement of Lomnička, we recommend that testing be carried out more often at this primary school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of labour migration within the European Union is currently one of the most significant factors affecting economic and social development. A multitude of factors, encompassing economic, social, and political elements, give rise to the dynamics of migration flows. One aspect of this issue is the migration of Slovak doctors and nurses for employment purposes. It is evident that there is a demand for healthcare professionals. This will result in a shortage of labour in hospitals. The probable causes are the challenging working conditions of healthcare professionals and the perception of their quality compared to working conditions abroad. The aim of the article is to interpret the results of part of the research project, entitled 'Setting up personnel management processes in hospitals and their impact on the migration of doctors and nurses for work abroad'. The problem is examined from the perspective of the perceived influence of various aspects of working conditions in Slovak hospitals on migration. The degree of influence of the identified factors is modelled using the statistical method of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of our research was to investigate the actual level of digital skills and the level required to practise a profession, to identify significant differences and to suggest appropriate training methods. The research was conducted by questionnaire among respondents from Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Spain. The results of the research show that employees do not reach the level of digital skills required by employers, the expectations of the highest level of skills were in the field of cyber security, where statistical significance between the desired and actual value was also demonstrated. There was no statistically significant dependence of respondents' skill level on education or job position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study focuses on the issue of aggressive behaviour of pupils towards teachers in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Its occurrence is confirmed by the results of objective research. Aggressive behaviour of pupils towards teachers is a serious educational problem. Such behaviour seriously undermines the well-being of teachers. The satisfaction and wellbeing of teachers and other school staff is not only important for their mental health, but also for the wellbeing of their pupils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examines the relationship between the effective tax rate, the nominal rate, and selected macroeconomic determinants. Correlation and regression analysis were used to analyze the impact of individual determinants and the nominal tax rate on the effective rate in the Visegrad Group countries from 2004 to 2022. The results of the analysis suggest different development directions of the standard tax rate in the Visegrad Group countries. While it decreased in the Czech Republic, the decline in Hungary and Slovakia was followed by an increase. In Poland, the standard tax rate remained almost unchanged. The results of linear regression demonstrated that in Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and Hungary the standard rate has a statistically significant impact on the effective tax rate. The result was not confirmed for Poland, where the standard rate was removed from the model due to the singularity problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current demographic development in Slovakia is characterized by the fact that the share of the post-productive component of the population in the population is increasing and thus the economic burden on the productive component of the population by the post-productive population is also increasing. Changing the structure of the population changes the labour market. There is a decrease in the size of the workforce. Its gradual decrease may lead to a shortage of employees in some areas. It can be eliminated by increasing the number of employed foreigners. Their distribution within individual regions of the SR is different and thus the contribution of employed foreigners to national income is also different in individual regions. The aim of this paper is to determine the specifics of the development of the number of employed foreigners in Slovakia at the national level and then at NUTS III level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of research covering 596 Romany children of primary school age. The research objective was to identify the somatic parameters and the motion performance of 7- to 10-year old Romany boys and girls. In order to determine the trends in the development of these children, the results were compared to those presented in Horváth (2001). The latter research covered 1093 Romany children living in East Slovakia. We evaluated the data in terms of statistical significance of the differences between the results obtained in 2000 and 2019. We analyzed the somatic parameters and motion performance of Romany children attending primary school in terms of improved or worse results during the period of 19 years. We calculated the basic statistical values and tested the hypotheses by Student ttest. The results are summarized in tables and diagrams. It was found out that the somatic parameters of Romany boys and girls of all age categories have significantly improved. The motion performance has also improved in a statistically significant manner, however, this finding does not hold for all test items not for all age categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on the importance of interdisciplinary cooperation between helping professionals in Slovakia. The primary focus is on the distinctiveness of cooperation between social work and other helping professions in the context of autism spectrum disorders in the Slovak Republic. It also presents partial findings of the research the main objective of which was to identify and describe the current situation in the area of Social work with a family with a member with Autism spectrum disorder. Partially, this research has underlined the eminent importance of cross-professional cooperation in the context of autism spectrum disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a sociopathological phenomenon, homelessness has far deeper significance than it might seem at first glance, where the loss of one's own home becomes not only the loss of material values, but also non-material ones. In conditions within Slovakia, an ongoing insufficient examination of the homelessness issue can be witnessed whose results are reflected in practice not only in frequent distortion by the housed majority of information about homelessness, but also in the inability to find a comprehensive and lasting solution to it. This paper consists of both a theoretical and empirical part. While the theoretical part consists of basic theoretical reflections concerning homelessness, as an extreme form of social exclusion, the empirical part focuses on exploring the perception of homelessness and its various aspects from the point of view of the majority who have housing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern era businesses are in a highly competitive environment where the goal is not to acquire their competitiveness through activities such as reducing costs, but through constant innovation. There exist no excellent businesses, there are only those that are able to survive and it is with the ability to reflect on the changing environment using innovation activities. This topic mainly concerns SMEs, while they have less resources to achieve high innovation performance then large companies. This research paper is specifically focused on companies in Slovakia, comparing innovation performance and its perception among micro, SMEs and large companies. The aim of the research is to analyze, compare and evaluate perception of specific components of open innovation model among Slovak companies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation is an important improvement and development element in all areas of economic and social life, business environment as well as regional processes. By means of analysis, comparative analysis methods followed by logical deduction the main goal of this paper is to determine the priorities of Slovak Republic's innovation strategy and policy based on analysis of the status of Slovakia and its regions in the area of innovation within the European Union context. Slovak regional and innovation policies are acting as a main synergic issue coming out of EU innovation and regional policies interaction. Their parallel collaboration and positive effects have significant fallouts on regional development and limiting the regional discrepancies in Slovak regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the modern financial performance indicator EVA of the three leading companies in the automotive industry in Slovakia: Volkswagen Slovakia, Kia Motors Slovakia, PCA Slovakia. Based on the previous studies conducted by various authors, no company in Slovakia paid sufficient attention to the modern EVA indicator. Therefore, the paper aims to calculate the Economic Value Added as a tool to increase the effectiveness of financial performance management in selected companies for 2019. Following this study, it can be said that although the calculation of the modern EVA indicator is more complex, companies should pay sufficient attention to it, as it is a management tool used to value the company and also takes into account value creation for owners. Based on the calculation, we found that all of the three main companies achieved positive values of this modern indicator. Based on this, we conclude that the companies produce value from the funds invested in them. It is important to note that these companies are foreign companies that have decided to invest in the automotive industry in Slovakia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the digital literacy of students attending the University of the Third Age in Nitra. It brings together partial results of the research the author conducted in the summer semester of the academic year 2012-2013 and focuses on the aspects of age and the degree of education as determinants of interest in ICT and computer skills in the context of the education of seniors. The research sample consisted of participants of two study programmes supervised by the Faculty of Education of Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra: 40 students in the History of Fine Arts and Creative Art activities study programme under the Department of Creative Arts and Art Education and 34 students enrolled in the Folk Crafts study programme carried out by the Department of Technology and Information Technologies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employee performance assessment is an important element of human resource management. In a modern business performance assessment is considered as an important starting point for improving its performance. Performance evaluation and management is generally structured with the process of routinely setting goals, communicating and awarding prizes, respectively draw consequences. Managers and the staff also need to understand that there is no perfect rating system. All evaluation systems have their own mistakes, but all of them are an effective tool for correcting performance problems and, ultimately, a tool to increase business productivity and thus competitiveness. The paper presents the results of a survey carried out in select enterprises in the Slovak Republic, focusing on the evaluation of employees' performance; problem identification and pointing to the appropriate tools to remove or, elimination of identified problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]