151 results
Search Results
2. Trends in Post-Secondary Student Stress: A Pan-Canadian Study.
- Author
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Linden, Brooke, Stuart, Heather, and Ecclestone, Amy
- Subjects
MENTAL health of students ,COVID-19 pandemic ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,PSYCHOLOGICAL distress ,SCHOOL year - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Perspectives of School Leaders on Supporting Learners With Special Education Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Ethic of Care Analysis.
- Author
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FitzGerald, Carolyn, MacCormack, Jeffrey, and Sider, Steve
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,SCHOOL administrators ,SPECIAL education ,PREPAREDNESS ,CANADIAN provinces ,INCLUSIVE education - Abstract
The ethic of care is a moral philosophy that has been used to describe and guide the work of educators, especially those working with students with special education needs (SEN). In this study, 36 principals and vice principals from four provinces in Canada were interviewed about their work with students with SEN during the pandemic. Responses were analyzed using the ethic of care framework. Accordingly, responses indicated that principals were particularly aware of, and responsive towards, the wide range of need experienced by students, their families, and school staff. Principals appeared especially concerned about the social needs of their students with SEN, the emotional support needs of the students' families, and the teachers' distress at not being able to meet all the educational needs of their students. Although most principals described the emotional toll of their work during the pandemic, none identified efforts directed towards self-care. This paper considers these findings in regard to motivational displacement as it relates to an ethic of care and calls for a broader consideration of need within education, such that support is extended to students, school staff and school leaders as the most effective means to foster healthy, future-ready schools. Key words: pandemic, principal, inclusive education, ethic of care, mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Elements of Care--Indirect Services in Psychiatry.
- Author
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Gaind, Karandeep Sonu, Aydin, Cristina, Gonzalez-Pino, Fernando, Hoyt, Linda, Jay, Rob, Khullar, Atul, Kronfli, Risk N., Natarajan, Dhanapal, and Wiseman, Stephen R.
- Subjects
CARE of people ,PEOPLE with mental illness ,MENTAL health ,MEDICAL care research ,CAREGIVERS ,MENTAL illness treatment ,PSYCHIATRY ,TERMS & phrases ,MENTAL health services administration - Abstract
The article presents a paper, a part of a planned series of Elements of Care papers, focusing on identifying common elements which are important for providing appropriate psychiatric care in different models of care in Canada. It focuses on direct patient care or service for payment in traditional care model and also discusses indirect services involved in such models, like diagnostic assessment or patient management. It also focuses on involvement of family or caregivers in indirect services.
- Published
- 2015
5. "If You Can Just Break the Stigma Around It": LGBTQI+ Migrants' Experiences of Stigma and Mental Health.
- Author
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Haghiri-Vijeh, Roya and Clark, Nancy
- Subjects
SAFETY ,CULTURE ,IMMIGRANTS ,HEALTH services accessibility ,PSYCHOLOGY of LGBTQ+ people ,RESEARCH methodology ,DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) ,MENTAL health ,SOCIAL stigma ,INTERVIEWING ,FEAR ,QUALITATIVE research ,MENTAL illness - Abstract
Migrants, that is people who experience forced displacement or move based on being lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, two-spirit, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+), experience increased trauma and stigma when compared to heterosexual and cisgender people. The aim of this paper is to highlight LGBTQI+ migrants' experiences of health and social care encounters in Canada. Gadamerian hermeneutics and an intersectionality lens was used to understand LGBTQI+ migrants' experiences. A total of 16 semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with LGBTQI+ migrants. Themes of stigma and discrimination were identified as (1) "I never went back": Stigma as an exclusionary experience, (2) "Is [your country of birth] really that bad": Fear, safety, and cultural stigma, and (3) "The circle ... is not going to fix my life": LGBTQI+ migrants' call for affirming care. Results suggest that health and social care practices are stigmatizing and discriminatory which negatively impacts LGBTQI+ migrant mental health. Salient practices for promoting mental health included affirming LGBTQI+ identities and orientations through health and social care practices that are culturally safe as well as trauma and violence informed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Rating Health and Rating Change: How Canadians Rate Their Health and Its Changes.
- Author
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Lazarevič, Patrick and Quesnel-Vallée, Amélie
- Subjects
PAIN ,SELF-evaluation ,CROSS-sectional method ,AGE distribution ,FUNCTIONAL status ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,CHANGE ,HEALTH status indicators ,CANADIANS ,MENTAL health ,BEHAVIOR ,SEX distribution ,SURVEYS ,ATTITUDES toward illness ,RESEARCH funding ,HEALTH attitudes ,LONGITUDINAL method ,PUBLIC opinion - Abstract
Objectives: We investigated the contribution of five health domains to self-rated health (SRH) cross-sectionally and longitudinally and whether these contributions differ by gender or age. Methods: Employing dominance analyses, we quantified the contributions of functioning, diseases, pain, mental health, and behavior to both SRH at a point in time and for changes in SRH using data from the Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS, 1994–2011). Results: Cross-sectionally and longitudinally, functioning was the most important health domain, followed by diseases and pain. There were no meaningful differences in the ranking by gender while functioning, diseases, and pain were more relevant in older cohorts. Discussion: Functioning, diseases, and pain systematically were the most important health domains in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. While these results held for women and men, they were more salient for older adults. This points to a gender-invariant but age-graded process, confirming previous research with European data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
7. Mental Health Reform at a Systems Level: Widening the Lens on Recovery-Oriented Care.
- Author
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Kidd, Sean A., McKenzie, Kwame J., and Virdee, Gursharan
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MENTAL health ,MENTAL illness treatment ,INPATIENT care ,SYSTEMATIC reviews - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Early Adolescent Substance Use and Mental Health Problems and Service Utilisation in a School-based Sample: L'utilisation de substances précoce chez les adolescents et les problèmes de santé mentale et l'utilisation des services dans un échantillon scolaire
- Author
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Brownlie, Elizabeth, Beitchman, Joseph H., Chaim, Gloria, Wolfe, David A., Rush, Brian, and Henderson, Joanna
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SCHOOL psychologists ,CRISIS intervention (Mental health services) ,MENTAL health services use - Abstract
Objective: This paper reports on substance use, mental health problems, and mental health service utilisation in an early adolescent school-based sample.Method: Participants were 1,360 grade 7 and 8 students from 4 regions of Ontario, Canada. Students completed an in-class survey on mental health and substance use. The sampling strategy and survey items on demographics, substance use, service utilisation, and distress were adapted from the Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey. Internalising and externalising mental health problems were assessed using the Global Assessment of Individual Needs - Short Screener. Distress was defined as fair or poor self-rated mental health.Results: Rates of internalising and/or externalising problems above the threshold exceeded 30%; yet, fewer than half had received mental health services in the past 12 mo. Substance use was associated with increased odds of internalising and externalising problems above the threshold and distress. Youth using cannabis had 10-times the odds of exceeding the threshold for internalising or externalising problems. The use of substances other than alcohol or cannabis was associated with increased odds of fair or poor self-rated mental health among grade 8 students. Of the youth who confirmed at least a substance use problem, most also reported mental health problems; this association was stronger among girls than boys.Conclusions: Early adolescent substance use was associated with concurrent self-reported mental health problems in a non-clinical sample. The low levels of service utilisation reported highlight the need for improved access to early identification and intervention to prevent the development of concurrent disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Patient Safety and Mental Health—A Growing Quality Gap in Canada.
- Author
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Waddell, Andrea E. and Gratzer, David
- Subjects
PATIENT safety ,MENTAL health ,PEOPLE with mental illness ,PSYCHIATRIC research ,RISK of violence - Abstract
Patient safety research in mental health has focused mainly on suicide and violence risk at the expense of other domains of safety. In Canada, we lack a national strategy or research agenda for this important area. This piece calls on psychiatrists to consider the scope of missed opportunities in patient safety in current practice and presents how to begin to consider the safety of our patients in a systematic manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Recovery and Severe Mental Illness: Description and Analysis.
- Author
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Drake, Robert E. and Whitley, Rob
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MENTAL illness ,AUTONOMY (Psychology) ,SENSES ,MENTAL health - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. "Hardly Able to Move, Much Less Open a Book": A Systematic Review of the Impact of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence Victimization on Educational Trajectories.
- Author
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Geppert, Angela B., Shah, Aarushi H., and Hirsch, Jennifer S.
- Subjects
ONLINE information services ,PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,SOCIAL support ,MOTIVATION (Psychology) ,VIOLENCE ,MENTAL health ,DOMESTIC violence ,DATING violence ,GENDER ,INTIMATE partner violence ,ACADEMIC achievement ,SEXUAL harassment ,SEX crimes ,SOCIAL classes ,RESEARCH funding ,VICTIMS ,MEDLINE ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,EDUCATIONAL outcomes - Abstract
Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) is a highly prevalent issue, both in North America and globally, with well-recognized adverse impact on survivors' physical, emotional, and economic well-being. The objective of this systematic review is to collect and synthesize empirical work on the effects of SGBV victimization on educational trajectories, goals, attainment, and outcomes. The review summarizes what is known about factors associated with victimization that affect survivors' educational trajectories and highlights gaps in the literature pertaining to the effects of victimization on education. Five databases were searched for this review: Web of Science, Sociological Abstracts, PubMed, APA PsycInfo, and ERIC. For inclusion, the articles must present research on the academic impact of any form of SGBV experienced in higher education and must have been conducted in the United States or Canada. The 68 studies that met these criteria presented research on six key areas of educational outcomes: impacts on academic performance and motivation; attendance, dropout, and avoidance; changes in major/field of study; academic disengagement; educational attitudes and satisfaction; and academic climate and institutional relationships. Research also revealed factors mediating the relationship between SGBV exposure and educational outcomes such as mental health, physical health, social support, socioeconomic status, and resiliency, which we summarize in a pathway model. The research reviewed had significant limitations, including weak study designs, limited generalizability, and diversity concerns. We offer recommendations for future research on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Invisible ghosts of care and penality: Exploring Canadian correctional workers' perceptions of prisoner well-being, accountability and power.
- Author
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Johnston, Matthew S and Ricciardelli, Rosemary
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WELL-being ,CORRECTIONAL personnel ,PRISONERS ,CRIMINAL justice policy ,INDUSTRIAL safety ,PRISON psychology ,OCCUPATIONAL prestige - Abstract
Much correctional work is generally misunderstood by the mainstream media and many public circles as solely punitive and authoritative, which has fueled many politicized outcomes for correctional policy, practice and intervention. Reasonably, critical criminological discourse is steered primarily by the perspectives and voices of prisoners and victims. Yet this privileging leaves many questions remaining about how correctional workers in the contemporary era negotiate their complex duties of both prisoner care and accountability. Drawing on data garnered from open-ended survey responses of provincial and territorial correctional employees (n = 876) in Canada, we explore how Canadian correctional workers balance their emotional and occupational framework and perspectives with integrity. Informed through a lens of emotional labour, we find that many Canadian correctional workers recognize the need for, and gap in, prisoner care, mental health and rehabilitation, while also problematizing the shift and decline in prisoner accountability, which they believe jeopardizes both correctional worker and prisoner safety. We discuss the implications our findings present in relation to questions of power and control in prison spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Understanding the Mental Health Perspectives and Experiences of Migrants to Canada.
- Author
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Davy, Brittany, Riosa, Priscilla Burnham, and Ghassemi, Effat
- Subjects
CULTURE ,WELL-being ,NOMADS ,MENTAL health ,INTERVIEWING ,SOCIAL stigma ,EXPERIENCE ,QUALITATIVE research ,STATISTICAL sampling ,THEMATIC analysis ,MENTAL health services ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress - Abstract
Few researchers have explored Canadian migrants' experiences of mental health and service access. We interviewed 10 migrants to Canada from a local settlement organization about mental health and services and 5 organization staff about their experiences supporting migrants' mental health and service access. Our interviews with migrants revealed cultural perceptions of mental health and unmet service needs. Our focus group with staff indicated challenges experienced by migrants and the tension between their openness with mental health difficulties and stigmatization from their cultural communities. A call to restructure existing mental health support for this underserved population is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. The National Trajectory Project of Individuals Found Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder in Canada. Part 1: Context and Methods.
- Author
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Crocker, Anne G., Nicholls, Tonia L., Seto, Michael C., Roman, Times New, Côté, Gilles, Charette, Yanick, and Caulet, Malijai
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LEGAL status of criminals with mental illness ,CRIMINAL justice system ,CRIMINAL procedure ,MENTAL health services ,VERDICTS ,CRIMINAL intent - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Shared mental health care for a marginalized community in inner-city Canada.
- Author
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Kisely, Stephen and Chisholm, Pamela
- Subjects
MENTAL health ,MEDICAL care ,MENTAL illness ,PRIMARY care - Abstract
Objectives: This paper describes the experience and evaluation of a shared care project targeted at marginalized individuals living in the North End of Halifax, Nova Scotia. This population has high rates of psychiatric disorder, often comorbid with chronic medical conditions, and people have difficulty in obtaining the help they need. This primary care liaison service covers all ages and includes outreach to emergency shelters, transitional housing and drop-in centres. Collaborative care improved access, satisfaction and outcomes for marginalized individuals in urban settings. Primary care providers with access to the service reported greater comfort in dealing with mental health problems, and satisfaction with collaborative care, as well as mental health services in general. Results were significantly better than those of control practices when such data were available. The median wait time was 6 days in comparison with 39.5 days for the comparison site. Conclusions: This model can complement other initiatives to improve the health of marginalized populations, and may be relevant to Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. The relevance of qualitative research for clinical programs in psychiatry.
- Author
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Goering, Paula, Boydell, Katherine M., and Pignatiello, Antonio
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QUALITATIVE research ,PSYCHIATRY ,MENTAL health ,HEALTH policy ,PATHOLOGICAL psychology ,MENTAL illness ,MEDICAL research ,DECISION making ,MEDICAL care ,COMPARATIVE studies ,DIFFUSION of innovations ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,RESEARCH ,EVALUATION research ,HUMAN services programs ,MENTAL health services administration - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Understanding Immigrants' Reluctance to Use Mental Health Services: A Qualitative Study From Montreal.
- Author
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Whitley, Rob, Kirmayer, Laurence J., and Groleau, Danielle
- Subjects
MENTAL health services ,SERVICES for immigrants ,MEDICAL care ,PSYCHOLOGICAL distress ,MENTAL health ,SOCIAL factors ,HEALTH services administration ,SOCIAL services - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. The Canadian Community Health Survey: mental health and well-being.
- Author
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Gravel, Ronald, Béland, Yves, and Béland, Yves
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HEALTH surveys ,PSYCHIATRIC epidemiology ,MENTAL health services ,MENTAL illness ,SOCIAL psychiatry ,PATHOLOGICAL psychology ,PUBLIC health - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. The Canadian contribution to violence risk assessment: history and implications for current psychiatric practice.
- Author
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Bloom, Hy, Webster, Christopher, Hucker, Stephen, and De Freitas, Karen
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RISK assessment ,RISK management in business ,PSYCHIATRY ,MENTAL health ,VIOLENCE ,VIOLENCE & psychology ,ANTISOCIAL personality disorders ,FORENSIC psychiatry ,HISTORY ,MENTAL health services ,DIAGNOSIS ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Over the past quarter-century, Canadian researchers, clinical practitioners, and policy specialists have made several notable contributions to the broad field of violence risk assessment and management. In part, these contributions have been fostered by major changes in law over this period; in part, they have been spurred by findings from large-scale Canadian prediction--outcome studies. This paper offers references for a range of Canadian-inspired assessment schemes designed to evaluate psychopathy and potential for violence against others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Australia needs a mental health commission.
- Author
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Rosen, Alan, McGorry, Patrick, Groom, Grace, Hickie, Ian, Gurr, Roger, Hocking, Barbara, Leggatt, Margaret, Deveson, Anne, Wilson, Keith, Holmes, Douglas, Miller, Vivienne, Dunbar, Lynne, and Stanley, Fiona
- Subjects
MENTAL health ,GOVERNMENTAL investigations ,HEALTH care reform ,MEDICAL care ,AWARENESS ,ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. ,MEDICAL needs assessment ,MENTAL health services ,POLICY sciences ,MENTAL health services administration - Abstract
Objectives: The present paper aims to: (i) describe how the Mental Health Commission in New Zealand works and has contributed to the substantial enhancement of mental health resources and services; (ii) determine whether mental health reform policies will ever be implemented properly without an independent monitor with official influence at the highest levels of government; and (iii) demonstrate how variants on this model work in other Western countries and how it can be adapted to the Federated system in Australia.Conclusions: It is recommended that the Australian National Mental Health Plan 2003-2008 should be complemented by a long-standing national mental health commission (or similarly constituted body), which is also able to report independently from and to the government, with direct access to the Prime Minister, Premiers and Australian Health Ministers. Its aims would be to monitor service effectiveness and identify gaps in service provision, training and performance of the work force, management and government. It would be informed by consumer, carer and provider experience, and by reviews of evidence-based research regarding health needs and cost-effective services. It should accurately cost such service gaps, and advise government on a strategy for implementing them. It could also promote and advise formally on enhancing community awareness, decreasing stigma and discrimination and improving workforce recruitment and retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Major depression and mental health care utilization in Canada: 1994 to 2000.
- Author
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Patten, Scott B. and Beck, Cynthia
- Subjects
MENTAL health ,MENTAL depression ,STATISTICS ,NUMERICAL analysis ,MENTAL health services ,HEALTH surveys ,MEDICAL care ,THERAPEUTICS ,COMPARATIVE studies ,LONGITUDINAL method ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,RESEARCH ,SOCIAL support ,EVALUATION research - Abstract
Background: Major depression makes an important contribution to disease burden in Canada. In principle, the burden of major depression can be reduced by the provision of treatment within the health care system. In a previous data analysis, the National Population Health Survey (NPHS) reported an increase in antidepressant (AD) use between 1994 and 1998. In this paper, the analysis is extended to 2000, and additional aspects of health care utilization are described.Methods: The NPHS provides a unique source of longitudinal data concerning major depression and its treatment in Canada. In this survey, probable cases of major depression were identified using a brief predictive instrument; health care utilization was evaluated using additional survey items; and the latest data release from Statistics Canada (that is, 2000) was used to make weighted estimates of the frequency of health care utilization in relation to major depression status.Results: The use of ADs has continued to escalate. These increases have been largest in men and in persons aged under 35 years. There has been an increase in polypharmacy: in 2000, almost 9% of persons taking an AD reported taking more than 1 AD medication-a tripling since 1994. The frequency of consultations with alternative practitioners has also grown. Although the overall proportion of persons with major depression who report consulting with health professionals about their mental health has not increased, the number of persons with major depressive disorder reporting 6 or more visits to nurses, social workers, and psychologists may have.Conclusion: The provision of AD treatment continues to expand in Canada. This probably represents a changing pattern of practice, because the frequency of professional consultation has not increased. More detailed data are required to evaluate the extent to which treatment needs are being met. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Psychiatric epidemiology in Canada and the CCHS study.
- Author
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Streiner, David L., Cairney, John, and Lesage, Alain
- Subjects
PSYCHIATRIC epidemiology ,MENTAL health ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,MEDICAL societies ,SOCIAL psychiatry ,HEALTH surveys - Abstract
This article provides an overview of papers presented at the 2004 Canadian Academy of Psychiatric Epidemiology meeting. Canada has been a major player in the development of diagnostic criteria, methodology and structured interviews to determine the prevalence of treated and untreated mental disorders. However, most studies in Canadian psychiatric epidemiology were conducted in a specific region. As a consequence, researchers do not have any national estimates of the prevalence of major psychiatric conditions in the country. The Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 1.2. remedies this, being a study of the entire country. At the meeting, representatives from Statistics Canada outlined the design of the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 1.2., whose major focus was on factors that predisposed people to or protected them from psychological problems.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Old and homeless: a review and survey of older adults who use shelters in an urban setting.
- Author
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Stergiopoulos, Vicky and Herrmann, Nathan
- Subjects
OLD age ,SURVEYS ,OLDER homeless persons ,MENTAL health ,COMPARATIVE studies ,HEALTH service areas ,HOMELESS persons ,HOUSING ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,RESEARCH ,CITY dwellers ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,EVALUATION research - Abstract
Objectives: Research on the mental health and service needs of homeless seniors has been scant. This paper reviews the available literature and presents findings of a Toronto survey in an effort to describe the demographics of homeless seniors, their level of impairment, and their mental and physical health needs.Methods: We searched the Medline, AgeLine, and PsycINFO databases, using the following key words: elderly homeless, elderly hostel users, and urban geriatrics. To better describe the service needs of the elderly homeless, we obtained demographic data from the Community and Neighbourhood Services Department and distributed a survey questionnaire to 11 Toronto hostel directors. The questionnaire elicited data relating to reasons for shelter use, problem behaviours, and mental health needs of those over age 65 years.Results: Although seniors represent a small percentage of the homeless population, their numbers are growing. The available literature suggests a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders and cognitive impairment in this population, with a greater proportion of older women than men having severe mental illness. Further, our survey suggests that the service needs of elderly hostel users in Toronto differ from those of their younger counterparts.Conclusion: The homeless elderly are the most vulnerable of this impoverished population. Although more research is needed to define their mental and physical health needs and ways of meeting them, their characteristics appear to be unique. Geriatric psychiatrists could play a significant role in evaluating and treating this population more comprehensively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. The mental health of Aboriginal peoples: transformations of identity and community.
- Author
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Kirmayer, Laurence J, Brass, Gregory M, Tait, Caroline L, Kirmayer, L J, Brass, G M, and Tait, C L
- Subjects
METIS ,INUIT ,INDIGENOUS peoples ,MENTAL health - Abstract
This paper reviews some recent research on the mental health of the First Nations, Inuit, and Métis of Canada. We summarize evidence for the social origins of mental health problems and illustrate the ongoing responses of individuals and communities to the legacy of colonization. Cultural discontinuity and oppression have been linked to high rates of depression, alcoholism, suicide, and violence in many communities, with the greatest impact on youth. Despite these challenges, many communities have done well, and research is needed to identify the factors that promote wellness. Cultural psychiatry can contribute to rethinking mental health services and health promotion for indigenous populations and communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Losing Life's Sparkle: Experiences of Canadian Choral Musicians During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
- Author
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Lozano, Mary Jo A., Churcher, Stephanie L., Kirchner, Madison J., and Slade, Teri M.
- Subjects
SOCIAL support ,RESEARCH methodology ,INTERVIEWING ,FEAR ,MENTAL health ,EXPERIENCE ,QUALITATIVE research ,PHENOMENOLOGY ,SOCIAL isolation ,JOB involvement ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,ENTERTAINERS ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,MUSIC ,JUDGMENT sampling ,STATISTICAL sampling ,DATA analysis software ,THEMATIC analysis ,ANXIETY ,PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation ,OCCUPATIONAL adaptation ,COVID-19 pandemic ,GROUP dynamics - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Complementary development of prevention and mental health promotion programs for Canadian children based on contemporary scientific paradigms.
- Author
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Breton, Jean-Jacques and Breton, J J
- Subjects
MENTAL health ,PSYCHIATRY ,MENTAL illness ,MENTAL illness prevention ,PSYCHIATRIC epidemiology ,ADOLESCENT psychiatry ,ATTRIBUTION (Social psychology) ,CHAOS theory ,CHILD development ,CHILD health services ,CHILD psychiatry ,HEALTH promotion ,LEARNING ,PREVENTIVE health services ,SCIENCE ,MEDICAL care for teenagers ,HUMAN services programs - Abstract
Confusion regarding definitions and standards of prevention and promotion programs is pervasive, as revealed by a review of such programs in Canada. This paper examines how a discussion of scientific paradigms can help clarify models of prevention and mental health promotion and proposes the complementary development of prevention and promotion programs. A paradigm shift in science contributed to the emergence of the transactional model, advocating multiple causes and dynamic transactions between the individual and the environment. Consequently, the view of prevention applying over a linear continuum and of single stressful events causing mental disorders may no longer be appropriate. It is the author's belief that the new science of chaos theory, which addresses processes involved in the development of systems, can be applied to child development and thus to the heart of prevention and promotion programs. Critical moments followed by transitions or near-chaotic behaviours lead to stable states better adapted to the environment. Prevention programs would focus on the critical moments and target groups at risk to reduce risk factors. Promotion programs would focus on stable states and target the general population to develop age-appropriate life skills. The concept of sensitive dependence on initial conditions and certain empirical studies suggest that the programs would have the greatest impact at the beginning of life. It is hoped that this effort to organize knowledge about conceptual models of prevention and mental health promotion programs will foster the development of these programs to meet the urgent needs of Canadian children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Psychiatric admissions of Asian Canadians to an adolescent inpatient unit.
- Author
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Roberts, Nasrcen, Crockford, David, Roberts, N, and Crockford, D
- Subjects
PSYCHIATRIC diagnosis ,TEENAGERS ,ASIANS ,CANADIANS ,DEMOGRAPHIC surveys ,MENTAL health ,MENTAL health services ,PSYCHIATRY ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,ETHNIC groups ,ETHNOPSYCHOLOGY ,LENGTH of stay in hospitals ,HOSPITAL admission & discharge ,MEDICAL referrals ,MENTAL illness ,PATIENTS ,ETHNOLOGY research - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Are there injury-prone children? A critical review of the literature.
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Wazana, Ashley and Wazana, A
- Subjects
CHILDREN'S injuries ,CHILDREN'S accidents ,CHILD psychiatry ,CHILD psychology ,CHILD psychopathology ,MENTAL health ,PSYCHOLOGY ,PSYCHIATRY ,PSYCHOTHERAPY ,TRAFFIC accidents -- Psychological aspects ,TRAFFIC safety ,ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder ,ATTRIBUTION (Social psychology) ,BEHAVIOR ,LONGITUDINAL method ,TRAFFIC accidents ,WOUNDS & injuries ,CASE-control method - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. From genetic research to new thoughts about evaluating psychotherapy: child psychiatry approaches the year 2000.
- Author
-
Minde, Klaus and Minde, K
- Subjects
GENETIC research ,MENTAL health ,CHILD psychology ,PSYCHIATRY ,ADOLESCENT psychiatry ,CHILD psychiatry ,FORECASTING ,GENETICS ,PSYCHOTHERAPY - Abstract
The author reflects on the developments surrounding the August 1997 issue of the journal "The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry." In the leading paper, author Michael Ruiner familiarizes the reader with his latest preoccupation. He defines genetic research to include a thorough understanding of the multiple interplays between genetic structures and the outside world.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Pathways From Prosocial Behaviour to Emotional Health and Academic Achievement in Early Adolescence.
- Author
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Oberle, Eva, Ji, Xuejun Ryan, and Molyneux, Tonje Mari
- Subjects
PREVENTION of mental depression ,ACADEMIC achievement evaluation ,AFFINITY groups ,ADOLESCENT development ,MENTAL health ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,RESEARCH funding ,PSYCHOLOGY of school children ,SOCIAL skills ,EMOTIONS ,PATH analysis (Statistics) ,OPTIMISM ,ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
This study examined pathways from prosocial behaviour in the beginning of the school year to emotional health and academic achievement in the end of the year, taking into account the mediating role of peer acceptance. Participants were 734 grade 4 to 7 students in public elementary schools (51% female) in Western Canada. As expected, pathway analyses taking into account the clustered structure of the data indicated that self-reported prosocial behaviour in the beginning of the school year was significantly related higher levels of self-reported optimism, lower levels of depressive symptoms, and better grades in the end of the year; the association was mediated by peer-reported peer acceptance in the classroom. Findings support the role of peer acceptance as an underlying mechanism involved in the association between prosocial behaviour and positive developmental health outcomes in early adolescence. Findings are also practically relevant as they inform school-based social-emotional competence promotion through interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Trends in Involuntary Psychiatric Hospitalization in British Columbia: Descriptive Analysis of Population-Based Linked Administrative Data from 2008 to 2018.
- Author
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Loyal, Jackson P., Lavergne, M. Ruth, Shirmaleki, Mehdi, Fischer, Benedikt, Kaoser, Ridhwana, Makolewksi, Jack, and Small, Will
- Subjects
INVOLUNTARY hospitalization ,MENTAL health services ,INFORMED consent (Medical law) ,SUBSTANCE abuse ,INVOLUNTARY treatment ,PSYCHIATRIC hospital care - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. A Holistic Approach to On-Reserve School Transformation: Pursuing Pedagogy, Leadership, Cultural Knowledge, and Mental Health as Paths of Change.
- Author
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Andrews, J. W., Murry, A., and Istvanffy, P.
- Subjects
MENTAL health ,TEACHER development ,SCHOOL psychology ,TEACHER retention ,LEADERSHIP ,INTERPROFESSIONAL education ,SCHOOL holding power - Abstract
The aim of this manuscript is to present and discuss an attempt at transformative change in an on-reserve school in northern Saskatchewan. Myriad studies and government statistics have stated that on- reserve Indigenous students occupy the lowest levels of success in Canada as it relates to almost any recognized metric. In response to the ongoing inequity in education, a 3-year project was undertaken with potential national implications. In this project, a holistic approach was utilized which places an emphasis on leadership development, curriculum, teaching and learning, local Indigenous pedagogies, and mental health support. The confluence of approaches in this project have challenged standard approaches to school transformation by placing an emphasis on the local context and knowledge systems that already place the community in a position of strength. Data collection and project development was primarily focused on document analysis, classroom visits, meetings, and professional development with the faculty, planning sessions, instructional monitoring and student academic, cultural, and mental health assessments, and research projects. This manuscript offers wise practice considerations for diverse on- reserve schools through relationally collaborative interventions rooted in school psychology principles as key agents of change, resulting in: higher teacher retention; more comprehensive and effective lesson planning, implementation, and assessment; enhanced integration of Indigenous values within the classroom (e.g., PISIM); and improved teacher and student mental wellness in the classroom (e.g., teacher utilization of EFSS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Caregivers' Concerns About Assisted Living Residents' Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study.
- Author
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Hoben, Matthias, Baumbusch, Jennifer, B. Hogan, David, Gruneir, Andrea, A. Chamberlain, Stephanie, Corbett, Kyle, E. Griffith, Lauren, McGrail, Kimberlyn M., E. Amuah, Joseph, E. Lane, Natasha, and J. Maxwell, Colleen
- Subjects
MENTAL illness risk factors ,CAREGIVER attitudes ,NURSING home patients ,CROSS-sectional method ,CONGREGATE housing ,RISK assessment ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,MENTAL depression ,LONELINESS ,RESEARCH funding ,ANXIETY ,DATA analysis software ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
Family or friend caregivers' concerns about assisted living (AL) residents' mental health are reflective of poor resident and caregiver mental health. COVID-19-related visiting restrictions increased caregiver concerns, but research on these issues in AL is limited. Using web-based surveys with 673 caregivers of AL residents in Western Canada, we assessed the prevalence and correlates of moderate to severe caregiver concerns about residents' depressed mood, loneliness, and anxiety in the 3 months before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Caregiver concerns doubled after the start of the pandemic (resident depressed mood: 23%–50%, loneliness: 29%–62%, anxiety: 24%–47%). Generalized linear mixed models identified various modifiable risk factors for caregiver concerns (e.g., caregivers' perception that residents lacked access to counseling services or not feeling well informed about and involved in resident care). These modifiable factors can be targeted in efforts to prevent or mitigate caregiver concerns and resident mental health issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Beyond Sexual Assault Prevention: Targeted Outcomes for Empowerment Self-Defense.
- Author
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Beaujolais, Brieanne
- Subjects
SEX crime prevention ,SOCIALIZATION ,NONVERBAL communication ,SOCIAL support ,SELF-defense ,RESEARCH methodology ,WOMEN ,SOCIAL learning theory ,INTERVIEWING ,MENTAL health ,SELF-efficacy ,QUALITATIVE research ,ASSERTIVENESS (Psychology) ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,THEMATIC analysis ,DATA analysis software - Abstract
Empowerment Self-Defense (ESD) has been shown to be effective in reducing risk of sexual assault victimization among women, but because research in this area is still in its infancy, less is known about additional intervention outcomes that may explain how and why the intervention is effective and about other ways that ESD affects students. The purpose of this study was to examine ESD instructor perspectives about intervention outcomes they perceive to be most important for their students. Using qualitative case-study methodology, interviews from 15 ESD instructors from the United States and Canada were conducted and analyzed using thematic analysis, which yielded six themes: Agency, boundaries, core beliefs, health and healing, somatic experiences, and gender and intersectionality, with each theme having two or more subthemes. Although some of these outcomes have been quantitatively evaluated in previous ESD studies, over half (n = 10) have not yet been empirically measured and are the focus of this article. These 10 outcomes include enactment, self-determination, nonverbal communication, relationship quality, self-worth, healing, physical strength and power, downregulation, support and solidarity, and societal-level changes. In addition to developing standardized tools to measure these outcomes, future research should quantitatively evaluate these outcomes across diverse student populations and explore their effect on producing the profound outcome associated with ESD, which is reduced risk for sexual assault victimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. The Chemo-Gut Study: A Cross-Sectional Survey Exploring Physical, Mental, and Gastrointestinal Health Outcomes in Cancer Survivors.
- Author
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Deleemans, Julie M., Toivonen, Kirsti, Reimer, Raylene A., and Carlson, Linda E.
- Subjects
TUMOR treatment ,CANCER patient psychology ,GASTROINTESTINAL system ,DIARRHEA ,CANCER chemotherapy ,CROSS-sectional method ,CONSTIPATION ,MENTAL health ,HEALTH status indicators ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ABDOMINAL bloating - Abstract
Background: Cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy, may adversely affect gastrointestinal (GI), physical and mental health in survivors of cancer. Objective: This study investigated associations between GI, mental and physical health outcomes, and cancer treatment-related variables, such as chemotherapy, in adult cancer survivors. Methods: A one-time cross-sectional survey with patient-reported outcomes was used. Cancer survivors (N = 317) aged ≥18 years, living in Canada, who completed cancer treatments were included. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and linear regression analyses are reported. Results: Mean age at diagnosis was 40.90 ± 15.40 years. Most survivors received chemotherapy (86.1%). Persistent GI symptoms include constipation (53.6%), diarrhea (50.5%), and bloating/pain (54.9%). Mean GI symptom duration was 30.53 ± 33.42 months. Severity of GI symptom interference was moderate to extreme for 51.9% of survivors. Compared to normative values of 50 in healthy people, survivors scored poorer for mental health (M = 42.72 ± 8.16) and physical health (M = 45.55 ± 7.93), and reported more belly pain (M = 56.10 ± 8.58), constipation (M = 54.38 ± 6.81), diarrhea (M = 55.69 ± 6.77), and gas/bloating (M = 56.08 ± 8.12). Greater GI symptom severity was associated with poorer mental and physical health (P <.01). Chemotherapy was associated with increased belly pain (B = 4.83, SE = 1.65, P <.01) and gas/bloating (B = 3.06, SE = 1.45, P =.04). Conclusion: We provide novel evidence that many cancer survivors experience chronic, moderate to severe GI symptoms lasting for years after cancer treatment, which are associated with worse mental and physical health. Chemotherapy is associated with specific GI symptoms. Integrative therapies are needed to address GI symptoms in cancer survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. The Road to Mental Readiness for First Responders: A Meta-Analysis of Program Outcomes.
- Author
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Szeto, Andrew, Dobson, Keith S., and Knaak, Stephanie
- Subjects
FIRST responders ,META-analysis ,PREPAREDNESS ,MENTAL health ,SOCIAL stigma - Abstract
Objectives: First-responder mental health, especially in Canada, has been a topic of increasing interest given the high incidence of poor mental health, mental illness, and suicide among this cohort. Although research generally suggests that resiliency and stigma reduction programs can directly and indirectly affect mental health, little research has examined this type of training in first responders. The current paper examines the efficacy of the Road to Mental Readiness for First Responders program (R2MR), a resiliency and anti-stigma program.Methods: The program was tested using a pre-post design with a 3-month follow-up in 5 first-responder groups across 16 sites.Results: A meta-analytic approach was used to estimate the overall effects of the program on resiliency and stigma reduction. Our results indicate that R2MR was effective at increasing participants' perceptions of resiliency and decreasing stigmatizing attitudes at the pre-post review, which was mostly maintained at the 3-month follow-up.Conclusions: Both quantitative and qualitative data suggest that the program helped to shift workplace culture and increase support for others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Building Personal Resilience following an Online Resilience Training Program for BScN Students.
- Author
-
Stoliker, Bryce E., Vaughan, Adam D., Collins, John, Black, Meridy, and Anderson, Gregory S.
- Subjects
PREVENTION of mental depression ,ANXIETY prevention ,PSYCHOLOGY of college students ,ONLINE education ,INFERENTIAL statistics ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,MENTAL health ,PSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,T-test (Statistics) ,REPEATED measures design ,RESEARCH funding ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,NURSING students ,PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation ,DATA analysis software ,PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience ,EDUCATIONAL outcomes - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a self-paced online resilience training program on promoting personal resilience and positive coping styles, while reducing the severity of anxiety- and depression-related symptoms, in a sample of BScN students (N = 70) studying to become registered nurses. Using a repeated-measures research design, results indicate that scores on the measure of personal resilience significantly improved from baseline to post-training follow-up assessment. While scores on measures of positive coping and anxiety/depression shifted in the expected direction, these findings were not statistically significant. This study presents evidence to suggest that a self-paced online resilience training program may be an effective strategy for promoting personal resilience among nursing students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. The Text4HealthyAging Program: An Evidence-Based Text Messaging Innovation to Support Healthy Urban Aging in Canada and Australia.
- Author
-
Eboreime, Ejemai, Ohinmaa, Arto, Rusak, Benjamin, Cassidy, Keri-Leigh, Morrison, Jason, McGrath, Patrick, Uher, Rudolf, Meier, Sandra, Fleury, Marie-Josee, Iyer, Srividya N., Rej, Soham, Batchelor, Frances, Levinger, Pazit, Dang, Christa, Hopwood, Malcolm, Acquah, Francis N. L., Dzator, Janet, Tomblin Murphy, Gail, Warford, Jordan, and Wozney, Lori
- Subjects
TEXT messages ,PSYCHOTHERAPY ,LONELINESS ,AGE ,OLDER people ,AGING - Abstract
Age-friendly cities are crucial to achieve the WHO goal of healthy aging. Such cities promote opportunities for health, participation, and security, thus enhancing quality of life as people age. Older people commonly experience psychosocial challenges such as anxiety, depression, substance abuse, loss of autonomy, grief, fear, and loneliness. Australian and Canadian cities continue to seek innovation to improve healthy urban aging and create more age-friendly environments for older adults. There is increasing evidence on the effectiveness and feasibility of mobile technology in health promotion and closing psychological treatment gaps. Older adults have been demonstrated to engage frequently with mobile devices, particularly text messaging. In this article, we conceptualize the Text4HealthyAging, an evidence-based text messaging innovation to support healthy urban aging in Canadian and Australian cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Children in domestic violence shelters: Does the feminist perspective collapse?
- Author
-
Côté, Isabelle, Damant, Dominique, and Lapierre, Simon
- Subjects
PSYCHOLOGY of abused women ,FEMINISM ,DOMESTIC violence ,THEORY of knowledge ,MENTAL health ,QUALITATIVE research ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,PARENTING ,CHILDREN'S accident prevention ,RESEARCH funding ,STATISTICAL sampling ,DATA analysis software ,THEMATIC analysis ,CONTENT analysis ,INSTITUTIONAL care of children ,SOCIAL case work ,MOTHER-child relationship ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Summary: Even though an extensive body of literature on children has swept the field of domestic violence in the last 30 years, little is known about how domestic violence shelter workers understand children's situations and how they intervene with them. This article seeks to address this gap in the literature, and presents the results of a study conducted with 48 advocates in the province of Québec (Canada). Findings: The data suggest that most of the participants adopt a child-centred perspective and consider the children in their own right during their stay. The accounts of the participants' practices also reveal that they perceive children as being vulnerable and at-risk. With a moderate emphasis on vulnerability and risk, the participants tend to support the children alongside their mothers, while associating potential risks with the behaviour of the perpetrator of domestic violence. However, with a strong focus on vulnerability and risk, participants tend to cast aside the perpetrators' behaviour and monitor the women-as-mothers during their stay while associating potential risk with their [in]actions under the circumstances. This can lead to mother-blaming, surveillance and more authoritarian interactions. Applications: The understanding of children living with domestic violence needs to remain rooted in a feminist analysis of violence against women in order to avoid some of the issues highlighted in the article. Furthermore, studies that seek to shed light on best social work practices when working with children in alliance with their mothers from a feminist perspective are crucially needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Stigma in Canada: Results From a Rapid Response Survey.
- Author
-
Stuart, Heather, Patten, Scott B., Koller, Michelle, Modgill, Geeta, and Liinamaa, Tilna
- Subjects
- *
MENTAL health , *SOCIAL stigma , *DEPRESSED persons , *DISCRIMINATION against people with mental illness , *SOCIAL conditions of people with mental illness , *EMPLOYMENT discrimination , *SOCIAL history - Abstract
Objective: Our paper presents findings from the first population survey of stigma in Canada using a new measure of stigma. Empirical objectives are to provide a descriptive profile of Canadian's expectations that people will devalue and discriminate against someone with depression, and to explore the relation between experiences of being stigmatized in the year prior to the survey among people having been treated for a mental illness with a selected number of sociodemographic and mental health-related variables. Method: Data were collected by Statistics Canada using a rapid response format on a representative sample of Canadians (n = 10 389) during May and June of 2010. Public expectations of stigma and personal experiences of stigma in the subgroup receiving treatment for a mental illness were measured. Results: Over one-half of the sample endorsed 1 or more of the devaluation discrimination items, indicating that they believed Canadians would stigmatize someone with depression. The item most frequently endorsed concerned employers not considering an application from someone who has had depression, Over one-third of people who had received treatment in the year prior to the survey reported discrimination In 1 or more life domains. Experiences of discrimination were strongly associated with perceptions that Canadians would devalue someone with depression, younger age (12 to 15 years), and self-reported poor general mental health. Conclusions: The Mental Health Experiences Module reflects an important partnership between 2 national organizations that will help Canada fulfill its monitoring obligations under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and provide a legacy to researchers and policy-makers who are interested in monitoring changes in stigma over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Intimate Partner Violence Among Persons With Mental Health-Related Disabilities in Canada.
- Author
-
Brownridge, Douglas A., Taillieu, Tamara, Urquia, Marcelo L., Lysova, Alexandra, Chan, Ko Ling, Kelly, Christine, and Santos, Susy
- Subjects
INTIMATE partner violence ,PSYCHOLOGY of people with intellectual disabilities ,ADVERSE childhood experiences ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,CHILD sexual abuse ,SUBSTANCE abuse ,CHILD abuse ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,JEALOUSY ,MENTAL health ,DOMESTIC violence ,VIOLENCE ,NONPRESCRIPTION drugs ,RISK assessment ,SEX distribution ,SOCIAL isolation ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,MENTAL depression ,VIOLENCE & psychology ,ALCOHOL drinking ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,ODDS ratio ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,ANXIETY ,BIPOLAR disorder - Abstract
This study examined the elevated risk of intimate partner violence (IPV) among persons with mental health-related disabilities (MH-RD) and the extent to which known risk factors accounted for this phenomenon. Data were drawn from a nationally representative sample of 33,127 Canadians collected in 2014 as part of Statistics Canada's General Social Survey. Results showed that respondents with MH-RD had more than three-fold increased odds of both overall and severe IPV victimization. Although females were more likely to possess a MH-RD, males and females with MH-RD reported similarly elevated odds of IPV victimization. Risk factors that contributed to a significant reduction in elevated odds of IPV for respondents with MH-RD were child maltreatment (CM), respondents' nonprescription drug abuse, and perpetrators' jealous, monitoring, and socially isolating behaviors. The inability to test additional risk factors and bidirectionality in the relationship between MH-RD and IPV may have contributed to the failure to fully account for these respondents' elevated odds of IPV. Future research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms contributing to the elevated risk of IPV and enhance prevention and intervention strategies for this underresearched and underserved vulnerable population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Mental Health Associations with Academic Performance and Education Behaviors in Canadian Secondary School Students.
- Author
-
Duncan, Markus J., Patte, Karen A., and Leatherdale, Scott T.
- Subjects
ACADEMIC achievement ,SECONDARY school students ,ASSOCIATION of ideas ,MENTAL health ,HEALTH behavior ,PSYCHOEDUCATION ,GRADE levels - Abstract
Course grades, as an indicator of academic performance, are a primary academic concern at the secondary school level and have been associated with various aspects of mental health status. The purpose of this study is to simultaneously assess whether symptoms of mental illness (depression and anxiety) and mental well-being (psychosocial well-being) are associated with self-reported grades (in their primary language [English or French] and math courses) and education behaviors (school days missed due to health, truancy, and frequency of incomplete homework) in a sample of secondary school students across Canada (n = 57,394). Multivariate imputation by chained equations and multilevel proportional odds logistic regressions were used to assess associations between mental health scores, academic performance and education behaviors. Lower depression and higher psychosocial well-being scores were associated with better grade levels in both math and language courses, as well as better education behaviors. In turn, better education behaviors were associated with higher course grades. Depression scores and psychosocial well-being scores remained associated with higher grades after controlling for education behaviors, however the magnitude of association was diminished. Results indicate that the effects of mental health factors were partially attenuated by education behaviors, suggesting while reduced class attendance and poor homework adherence were associated with both academic outcomes and mental health, they do not account entirely for the association between lower grades and worse mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Lessons from the periphery: psychiatry in Saskatchewan, Canada, 1944-68.
- Author
-
Mills, John A.
- Subjects
PEOPLE with intellectual disabilities ,REGIONAL medical programs ,MENTAL health laws ,GOVERNMENT agencies ,PEOPLE with mental illness ,MENTAL health ,PSYCHIATRIC research - Abstract
The article presents a study related to the psychiatry in Saskatchewan, Canada between 1944-1968. During 1944, the government of the Saskatchewan Co-Operative Commonwealth Federation established programs for the state-funded care of all people suffering from mental illness. In this study, the legislation covering the care and treatment of the mentally ill and created division of the Department of Public Health, the Psychiatric Services Branch (PSB), is being examined.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Filling Gaps in Psychiatric Education: Skills in Administrative Psychiatry and Knowledge of Mental Health Systems, Services, and Policy.
- Author
-
Somers, Julian M., Goldner, Elliot M., Lesage, Alain D., Fleisher, William P., and Leverette, John S.
- Subjects
RESEARCH ,CLINICAL competence ,PSYCHIATRISTS ,MEDICAL care ,PATIENTS ,MENTAL health - Abstract
Focuses on the research determining the clinical skills of various psychiatrists in Canada. Assessment on the quality of medical services; Awareness on the needs of the patients; Creation of several mental health programs.
- Published
- 2004
45. COVID-19 and Canadian Psychiatry: La COVID-19 et la psychiatrie au Canada.
- Author
-
Hanafi, Sarah, Dufour, Mathieu, Doré-Gauthier, Virginie, Prasad, MS Renuka, Charbonneau, Manon, and Beck, Gail
- Subjects
CORONAVIRUS diseases ,PSYCHIATRY ,HEALTH policy ,MENTAL health ,PSYCHOTHERAPY patients - Abstract
A position statement regarding COVID-19 and Canadian psychiatry, developed by the Public Policy Committee of the Canadian Psychiatric Association and approved by its board of directors on November 1, 2020, is presented. Topics covered include burden of the COVID-19 disease among people with psychiatric illness, general care for psychiatric patients, and public health policies.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Critical Clinical Social Work and the Neoliberal Constraints on Social Justice in Mental Health.
- Author
-
Brown, Catrina
- Subjects
LABELING theory ,SOCIAL justice ,MENTAL health ,CRITICAL theory ,FEMINIST criticism ,SOCIAL case work - Abstract
Despite a strong history of social justice–based social work professional education in Canada, there has not been an intentional integration of direct critical clinical mental health practice with social justice–based theory. Progressive social work has tended to view clinical work as focusing on the individual and failing to contribute to social change. In this article, I elaborate upon a critical clinical social work approach influenced by postmodern critique, and feminist-, narrative-, and collaborative-based practice rooted in critical theory. Critical clinical practice disrupts the individual/social binary through counterviewing unhelpful dominant social discourses and producing counterstories that participate in social resistance. I explore the constraints of neoliberalism on social work mental health practice and its influence on the ability of social workers to practice social justice–based social work. Neoliberalism constrains social workers' ability to address the social and structural determinants of mental health through its focus on economic rationalization, biomedicalization, and individual responsibilization, alongside rationalized practices that emphasize evidence-based and short-term efficiency-based models. I argue that social work is facing a crisis as a disempowered profession, as it attempts to reconcile its commitment to social justice and the importance of addressing inequity, marginalization, and oppression while often working in settings that demand the subordination of social work knowledge to neoliberal biomedicalism. Under these conditions, a critical clinical approach to mental health practice is needed now more than ever. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. "To Be a Guy Is to Be Human": Outcomes of the WiseGuyz Program Through Photo-Based Evaluation.
- Author
-
Exner-Cortens, Deinera, Wright, Alysia, Van Bavel, Marisa, Sitter, Kathleen C., Hurlock, Debb, Carter, Roseline, and Krause, Pam
- Subjects
VIOLENCE prevention ,GENDER role ,EVALUATION of human services programs ,SOCIAL norms ,MENTAL health ,INTERVIEWING ,PRE-tests & post-tests ,EXPERIENCE ,PHOTOGRAPHY ,EMOTIONS ,HEALTH promotion ,SEXUAL health ,STORYTELLING ,ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Gender-transformative approaches (i.e., approaches that support male-identified individuals to critique and resist stereotypical male gender role norms that negatively affect health and well-being) are increasingly recognized as a key health promotion strategy. However, there is limited evidence to date on gender-transformative interventions for male-identified adolescents. In addition, given the dynamic and socially constructed nature of gender, methods beyond quantitative data collection are needed to gain a holistic understanding of promising gender-transformative health promotion approaches. One newer method to capture lived experiences with adolescents is photo-based evaluation, where youth program participants take pictures to represent their knowledge, attitudes, and/or behaviors before and after a program. The present study presents findings from the photo-based evaluation of a gender-transformative health promotion program called WiseGuyz. WiseGuyz is offered to mid-adolescent, male-identified youth in school and community settings, and is designed to promote mental and sexual health and prevent violence. Six youth photographers from a rural Canadian setting took part in this evaluation, taking photos to represent what being a guy in their world meant before and after WiseGuyz. Youth then participated in an individual visual storytelling interview and a group-based photovoice process. Key themes in relation to masculinities that emerged from these data were around changes to (1) social norms and (2) emotionality following program participation, and the need for a safe program space to support these changes. This study adds to literature demonstrating the promise of gender-transformative approaches with adolescents, with implications for future health promotion research and practice with male-identified youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Postsecondary Mental Health Policy in Canada: A Scoping Review of the Grey Literature: Politique de santé mentale post-secondaire au Canada: un examen de la portée de la littérature grise.
- Author
-
Monaghan, Caitlin, Linden, Brooke, and Stuart, Heather
- Subjects
MENTAL health of students ,POSTSECONDARY education ,MENTAL health policy ,STUDENT well-being ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,PSYCHOLOGICAL distress - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Social Estrangement and Psychological Distress before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Patterns of Change in Canadian Workers.
- Author
-
Bierman, Alex and Schieman, Scott
- Subjects
SOCIAL isolation ,PSYCHOLOGICAL distress ,COVID-19 pandemic ,EMPLOYEE psychology ,SOCIAL integration ,PUBLIC health - Abstract
This article argues that the COVID-19 pandemic and associated social distancing measures intended to slow the rate of transmission of the virus resulted in greater subjective isolation and community distrust, in turn adversely impacting psychological distress. To support this argument, we examine data from the Canadian Quality of Work and Economic Life Study, two national surveys of Canadian workers—one from late September 2019 (N = 2,477) and the second from mid-March 2020 (N = 2,446). Analyses show that subjective isolation and community distrust increased between the two surveys, which led to a substantial rise in psychological distress. Increases in subjective isolation were stronger in older respondents, resulting in a greater escalation in psychological distress. These findings support a Durkheimian perspective on the harm to social integration and mental health caused by periods of rapid social change but also illustrate how a life course context can differentiate individual vulnerability to disintegrative social forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. System Entrapment: Dehumanization While Help-Seeking for Suicidality in Women Who Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence.
- Author
-
Taylor, Petrea
- Subjects
EMPATHY ,GROUNDED theory ,HELP-seeking behavior ,POST-traumatic stress disorder ,SUICIDE ,WOMEN'S health ,WOUNDS & injuries ,QUALITATIVE research ,INTIMATE partner violence ,DEHUMANIZATION - Abstract
Attention to power imbalances when seeking help for suicidality after having been controlled within intimate partner violence (IPV) is crucial in improving health care delivery. Well documented in the literature is the correlation between suicidality and IPV and that help-seeking for each is difficult; however, a gap exists when both intersect. The process of women's help-seeking is explored in this feminist grounded theory and photovoice multiple qualitative method study. Analysis of interviews with 32 women from New Brunswick, Canada, and photovoice meetings with seven women revealed a basic psycho-social problem. System Entrapment or being dehumanized while seeking help for suicidality occurred as a result of perceived invalidation from health care providers' lack of empathy. Further harm while providing services to women feeling suicidal can be prevented with a shift from an individualist model toward a trauma and violence informed approach. Understanding the contextual factors influencing women's suicidality may reduce victim blaming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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