Search

This descriptive study was carried out between July 2017 and August 2017 in an Obstetrics/Gynecology and Children Hospital affiliated to Gaziantep provincial directorate of health. The study population consisted of 363 nurses working in the aforementioned Obstetrics/Gynecology and Children Hospital, and the non-probability sampling method was implemented to reach them. Of the nurses included in the study population, 183 who volunteered to participate in the study comprised the sample of the study. The data were collected from the nurses who filled in the data collection forms given by the researchers using the paper pencil technique. To collect the study data, the Personal Information Form questioning the participants' socio-demographic characteristics, and the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale (ISS) were used. The mean scores the participants obtained from the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale and its subscales are as follows: 24.18 ± 3.87 for the Interaction Engagement subscale, 20.68 ± 4.41 for the Respect for Cultural Differences subscale, 17.10 ± 3.27 for the Interaction Confidence subscale, 10.27 ± 2.81 for the Interaction Enjoyment subscale, 10.64 ± 2.06 for the Interaction Attentiveness subscale and 82.62 ± 12.83 for the overall Intercultural Sensitivity Scale. In conclusion, the cultural sensitivity levels of the nurses in this study were above average. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper looks at the influence of culture on Turkish cancer patients' use of meaning-making coping, paying particular attention to religious, spiritual, and existential coping methods. Data were collected using an interview study (n = 25, 18 women, age range 20–71). Individuals were recruited at an oncology center and a psychiatry clinic in Istanbul. The main focus of the study has been on existential meaning-making coping, which is characterized by finding power inside oneself, altruism, family love, a search for meaning by contemplating philosophical issues, and having a positive life perspective (shukran—thankfulness). In contrast to findings from similar studies conducted in other countries (studies included in the same project), in Turkey religious belief directly determines the coping methods used, including the non-religious methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community policing (COP) represents officers' expectations of police work that revolves around specific order maintenance chores that take place within the community. It is generally assumed that police officers are cognizant of the community policing type activities occurring in police organizations where COP is either formally or informally adopted. However, very little research has been done to examine whether or not police officers in other countries are engaging in similar COP type activities without the organizational endorsement or official implementation of community policing as it is known in the U.S. and elsewhere. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we compare law enforcement officers' attitudes toward their conceptions of police work with specific attention to order maintenance and community oriented type police activities in two countries, Turkey (no formal COP programs) and the U.S. (formal and informal COP programs). Secondly, we examine to what extent police organizational and environmental factors in these two countries influence officers' conceptions of community-oriented policing activities. Findings suggest that, relative to Turkey, U.S. police officers have a favorable disposition toward COP type activities, suggesting name does matter. However, findings in both countries also suggest that officers' orientation to police work that is reflective of the police operational philosophy, and the organizational and environmental factors are better predictors of COP type activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the dynamics of Turkey's trade integration into the various economic blocs of the world system as well as into the peripheral subsystems of Eurasia and Mediterranean space using a gravity GMM model, for the period 1996 through 2011. The findings reveal that the trade pattern of Turkey is multispatial but without a deep integration with the EU or any other economic bloc, despite the custom union agreement with the latter since 1995. Further, the trade dynamics of Turkey is consistent with fundamentals such as size of the markets, location and other relevant factors, while, the quasi time invariant structural factors such as geography, culture and history seem to foster the Turkey's trade relations with specific Eurasian subsystems. The rising multipolarity of the world system-cum-the fragile architecture of interests in the broader Eurasian region affect unavoidably the role and the position of Turkey itself as well as its strategic orientations. Conversely, an economically diminishing Europe seems to be unable to pursue with consistency specific Eurasian policies including the matter of official accession of Turkey in the EU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to understand how professionals view non-offending mothers in cases of incest. Its data is based on a larger qualitative research project with 98 professionals in Turkey, including both frontline workers and those who join the process after the disclosure of abuse and are contacted professionally in incest cases. In spite of the differences in their views, the interviewed professionals have acknowledged the critical role of the mother in various phases of incest from disclosure of abuse to the treatment of the victim. However, they have also pointed out the insufficiencies and ambivalences of the mothers in terms of dealing properly with incest by underlining their economic and social vulnerability. The results reflected that the mothers need to be perceived in another light, understood better and empowered according to their needs to become vital partners within the support system combating incestuous abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a historical and biographical perspective, this paper examines the structural elements and cultural signs of contemporary social events and problems in Turkey in order to understand their basic features. Hermeneutics is used in order to understand contemporary Turkey by way of its historical background and prominent biographies. Two basic epic texts were interpreted using Gadamarian hermeneutics with the help of key concepts such as gaza1 and gaza cult. Semiotics is used to examine key concepts as binary opposites. Dialectics is used to understand these concepts as the unity of binary opposites coexisting at the same time and place. It is concluded that the contemporary cultural values and biographies explored are linked to their historical past and Islam seems to be more influential on hybrid identities than on ethnic status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collective future thinking, namely the anticipation of events for a group, is a relatively new research area in memory studies. Research to date with predominantly Western populations suggests that people tend to expect negative events for their country's future. In two studies, we investigated the emotional valence and perceived control of anticipated future events of one's country and examined the roles of country identification and national well-being in collective future thinking. US and Chinese college students (Study 1) and US, Chinese, and Turkish adults of a community sample (Study 2) imagined events that could happen to their respective countries in 1 week, 1 year, and 10–15 years. Participants rated each event on emotional valence and perceived control. They also completed measures for their country identification and perceived national well-being. Chinese participants imagined future events for their country to be more positive than did the US and Turkish participants, whereas US participants reported higher perceived control by their country for the future events than did Chinese and Turks. Country identification and national well-being predicted more positive future thinking and also mediated cultural differences in future-event valence and perceived country control. These original findings shed critical light on the characteristics of collective future thinking that are shaped by societal-cultural factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under what conditions do global scripts resonate among ordinary people? Neo-institutional world polity theory has tended to sideline this question by privileging macro-comparative explanations of states' adoption and social movement activists' framing of global scripts. Adopting a negative case approach, we draw on concepts from cultural sociology to explain why global scripts fail to resonate among ethno-religious minorities in Antakya, Turkey. Antakya has been exposed intensely to global minority rights and multiculturalism discourses; it has been targeted by various ethnic movement activists, and its diverse population has long experienced stigma and discrimination stemming from Turkey's model of nationhood. Yet, ordinary people there have seldom utilized global diversity scripts in their everyday struggles for recognition. Drawing on longitudinal qualitative fieldwork between 2004 and 2015, we find that global scripts fail to match people's cultural schemas of perceiving and reproducing boundaries—their local repertoires of diversity—due to a deep-seated ambivalence toward the category of "minority." This lack of resonance potentially weakens popular support for substantial policy reforms advancing minority rights and is one among several factors explaining why Turkey's turn from an exclusionary to an inclusionary model of nationhood has remained largely ceremonial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the combined effect of sex and gender socialization, place and political orientation, and culture (individualism-collectivism) on Turkish students' attitudes toward women (ATW). A convenience sample of 3235 students from 16 universities in Turkey was presented with the Turkish versions of the ATW Scale, the Bem Sex Roles Inventory, and the Individualism-Collectivism scale. A stepwise regression analysis showed that sex, level of political conservatism in the area, vertical collectivism, and horizontal individualism explained 31% of the variance in ATW. Being a male or being a female was a stronger predictor of ATW than the level of masculinity-femininity. Participants living in politically conservative areas and participants high in vertical collectivism (emphasis on hierarchy and inequality in society) expressed more traditional views than participants living in less conservative areas and those low in vertical collectivism. Sex and vertical collectivism interacted: Among males, the impact of vertical collectivism on ATW was stronger than it was among females. A complex model of effects is suggested in which negative ATW in Turkey depends on (a) place and (b) sex in interaction with culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vast majority of the core self-evaluations (CSE) studies has been conducted in Western cultures. In an attempt to extend this research into a different culture, the present study tested the factor structure of a Turkish version of the CSE scale and examined the relationship of CSE to job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and affective commitment. Data were collected in student (n = 216) and field samples (n = 321). The results confirmed the proposed one-factor structure of the Turkish version of the CSE scale as well as its convergent and discriminant validity. CSE (measured in time period 1) was significantly related to job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and affective commitment (measured in time period 2 which was three months later). The authors concluded that the CSE is predictive of key career-related outcomes in Turkey's collectivist culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A vast majority of Turkish individuals are Muslim, and several Turkish individuals refer to traditional healers to get help for medical and psychological problems. The purpose of the present study was to investigate Turkish traditional healing methods and to delineate the kinds of presenting problems that the clients bring to healers, methods used by the healers, the healing process, and the effect of healing on the clients. For this purpose, 11 participants were interviewed. The data were analyzed using the consensual qualitative research method. Nine domains emerged from the interviews: symptoms, diagnosis, etiology, treatment, response to treatment, characteristics of healers, clients' beliefs and desire to be healed, all healing coming from Allah (God), and characteristics of jinns. The findings were discussed in light of Kleinman's (Patients and healers in the context of culture: an exploration of the borderland between anthropology, medicine, and psychiatry, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1980) illness explanatory model and characteristics of Turkish culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Claims of universality for Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) require extensive cross-cultural validation. The present study aims to (1) develop Turkish versions of three instruments used to research MFT (MFQ, MFQL, MSQ); (2) assess the psychometric properties of the Turkish instruments; (3) test the assumptions of the theory against findings from the instruments in Turkish culture. Three independently translated versions of the MFQ were administered to three samples totaling 1432 respondents. Results were consistent across samples. Internal reliability was satisfactory. CFA indicated a best fit for a 5-factor solution despite low fit indices and high error coefficients. EFA yielded a 3-factor solution, which did not replicate the 2-factor "individualizing" and "binding" factors found in U.S. samples. CFA and EFA with the MSQ produced 2-factor solutions which also did not align with the individualizing-binding dichotomy. Meaningful relations between the moral foundations and scores on political orientation and religiosity supported the validity of the measures in Turkish culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this report, coparenting behaviors during triangular interactions among families raising a 3-month-old infant in Turkey are examined. Given the significant role played by extended family members in Turkish culture, coparenting dynamics were examined as mothers and babies played together with grandmothers, as well as together with fathers. Forty-five families took part, and 42 father-mother-baby and 33 grandmother-mother-baby triangular interactions of approximately 10 min in length were filmed during the Lausanne Trilogue Play. From videotapes of the interactions, individual and mutual coparenting behaviors were evaluated using the Coparenting and Family Rating System: 3 Month Adaptation (CFRS3M). Results indicated that while mothers’ own parenting behavior when in the LTP role of Active Parent (AP) was comparable whether with fathers or grandmothers, their behavior when in the LTP role of third party parent (TPP) was comparatively more engaged while with fathers than while with grandmothers. Fathers were comparatively less engaged when occupying the TPP role than were mothers in the TPP role, while grandmothers showed more flirting and distracting behavior in the TPP role than did either fathers or mothers. These findings are significant in documenting meaningful distinctions in Turkish grandmothers’ as well as in Turkish fathers’ and mothers’ coparenting propensities when engaging in triangular interactions with babies during the LTP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the attitudes of police officers and judiciary members toward wife abuse in Turkey and the relation between these attitudes and profession, ambivalent sexism (hostile/benevolent sexism), gender, and gender roles. The following instruments were used for the analyses: The Attitudes Toward Wife Abuse Scale (AWAS), the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI), and the Bem Sex Role Inventory. The participants were 300 police officers and 150 judiciary members selected from different regions of Turkey. Results showed that compared to judiciary members, police officers are more tolerant of physical and verbal abuse of women in marriage, but less tolerant of the idea of the victim leaving an abusive marriage partner. Similarly, men were more tolerant than women of those husbands who physically and verbally abuse their wives, but less supportive of the wife leaving the abusive partner. Profession and ambivalent sexism (hostile/benevolent sexism) were found to be the strongest predictors of attitudes toward wife abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study on the application of the U.S.-based training in Turkey for Marriage and Family Therapy (MFT). A qualitative examination was done by Turkish participants who received doctoral or master's degree for MFT in the U.S. Topics discussed also include the seven themes that came from the interview, data showing applicability to practice in Turkey with modifications and the limitations of the study.

Interventions for parents of young children often focus on enhancing parental sensitivity. A cognitive match on treatment goals has been shown to relate to the quality of the relationship (or alliance) between a therapist and the person receiving intervention, which in turn predicts the effectiveness of interventions. However, in multicultural societies therapists and patients do not always share the same ethnic background, which could influence their match on treatment goals. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that there is a cognitive match regarding the importance of sensitivity in early childhood parenting across Dutch and Moroccan, Turkish, Surinamese, and Antillean ethnic minority mothers and youth mental health professionals in the Netherlands and Turkish mothers and youth mental health professionals in Turkey. A total of 105 mothers with at least one child between the ages of 6 months and 6 years and 98 female professionals described their views about the ideal sensitive mother using the Maternal Behavior Q-Sort (Pederson et al. in Manual maternal behavior Q-sort version 3.1, ). Both professionals' and mothers' beliefs about the ideal mother converged strongly with the concept of sensitivity and within and across cultural groups of mothers and professionals. These findings point to a cognitive match on sensitivity beliefs between mothers and professionals with different cultural backgrounds. Our findings suggest that early childhood parenting interventions focused on enhancing sensitivity fit the beliefs of mothers of young children in different cultural groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to examine Turkish mothers' reactive parenting beliefs (reactive emotional appraisals, causal attributions, anticipated strategies, and underlying goals for their anticipated strategies) in response to children's aggressive and socially withdrawn behaviors. Participants included 84 mothers with preschool-aged children residing in Ankara, Turkey. Supporting our expectations, the results showed that the degree of mothers' negative emotional responses varied based on the child maladaptive behaviors. Moreover, mothers perceived aggressive behaviors as more temporary and contextually dependent, but intentional than withdrawn behaviors. More directive strategies and parent-centered goals were reported for aggression, whereas more indirect strategies and emphatic goals were reported for social withdrawal. Overall, the present study provided evidence that Turkish mothers' perceptions and evaluations of maladaptive behaviors may have universal characteristics as well as aspects that are particular to the Turkish socio-cultural context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous development of new platforms and environments for technology-enhanced learning emphasizes the increasing importance of research in educational technology acceptance (ETA). Responding to this need, the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) proposes a major ETA model. However, the UTAUT has been so far validated only in restrained contexts. The ongoing internationalization of education calls for extending ETA research and the UTAUT across national and professional boundaries. Therefore, this study aims at cross-cultural validation of the UTAUT by examining a large sample ( N = 4,589) of educational technology users from three European countries, Germany, Romania and Turkey. As a first conclusion, the UTAUT questionnaire displays adequate validity, reliability, and measurement equivalence across cultures, which further enables UTAUT-based comparisons of the cultural groups. Secondly, the effect of technology use intention on the actual use behavior proves to be extremely weak. Several possible explanations are proposed along with suggestions for future research. Thirdly, for the first time in ETA research the cultural sample diversity allows the verification of correlations between acceptance and culture. Thus, this study makes headway in the integration of culture (sensu Hofstede) in the UTAUT by suggesting effects of power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation on performance and effort expectancy, perceived social influence, computer anxiety, technology use intention and actual use behavior. Fourthly, for educational practice the presented results suggest several ways of anticipating and supporting ETA in multicultural user groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Depressive disorders are still underdiagnosed. Ethnic and cultural factors may influence the way depression is presented and therefore contribute to problems in assessing these disorders in different ethnic populations appropriately. In this investigation, the impact of both ethnicity and migration on the manifestation of depression was studied. Methods: Three groups of depressed female patients ( n = 136) were included in this investigation on the variation in depressive symptomatology by ethnic groups. Group 1 consisted of Austrian patients living in Austria, group 2 were Turkish patients who had migrated to Austria and group 3 were Turkish patients living in Turkey. Participants were rated using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Bradford Somatic Inventory (BSI) and an additional list of physical symptoms. Results: Both Turkish groups had significantly higher BSI scores and more somatic symptom severity. Migrated Turkish patients scored significantly higher in the items headache, backache and dry mouth than Turkish patients in Turkey. In addition, there were between-group differences in non-physical symptoms. Conclusions: Depressive symptomatology varies between ethnic groups. These differences are mainly due to ethnicity as such but migration may play an additional role. It is essential for physicians to be aware of atypical presentation forms of depression in minority groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the impacts of individualism/collectivism, self-esteem, and feeling of mastery on life satisfaction among university students and academicians in Turkey. Emphasis on the cultural aspects of behavior; Description of self on individualistic cultures; Correlation between self-esteem and life satisfaction.