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In this paper, the passive behavior of 304 stainless steel (SS) in NaCl solution is studied by electrochemical methods and surface analysis. The polarization measurement results show that the pitting potential (Ep) has a simple linear relationship with the temperature increase. Scanning Kelvin probe results show that the surface potential difference on the surface of 304 SS is well correlated with the temperature. Scanning electron microscope results show that the rupture of the passive film accelerates with the increase of temperature. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis shows that the high temperature causes more oxidation on the surface of 304 SS, leading more Cr3+ oxidized to Cr6+ at high temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biotin (BI) and cobalamin (CA) are essential for rumen propionate production and hepatic gluconeogenesis. The study evaluated the influence of BI or/and coated CA (CCA) on milk performance and nutrient digestion in cows. Sixty Holstein dairy cows were assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement and randomised block design to four groups. The factors were BI at 0 or 20 mg/day and CCA at 0 or 9 mg CA/day. Dry matter intake increased with BI addition but was unchanged with CCA supply. Addition of BI or CCA increased fat‐corrected milk, milk fat and milk protein yields and feed efficiency. Moreover, lactose yield was increased by CCA addition. Dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and acid detergent fibre total‐tract digestibility increased for BI or CCA supply. When CCA was supplemented, positive response of neutral detergent fibre digestibility to BI addition was enhanced. Supplementing BI did not affect pH, propionate content and acetate to propionate ratio, but increased total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and acetate contents. Supplementing CCA decreased pH and acetate to propionate ratio, but increased total VFA, acetate and propionate contents. Rumen protease and carboxymethyl‐cellulase activities and fungi, bacteria and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens numbers increased for BI or CCA supply. In addition, protozoa increased for BI addition, and protease activity and Prevotella ruminicola increased for CCA supply. When CCA was supplemented, positive responses of R. albus and Ruminobacter amylophilus numbers to BI addition were enhanced. Blood glucose concentration was unchanged with BI supply, but increased for CCA supply. Blood nonesterified fatty acids and β‐hydroxybutyrate contents reduced with BI or CCA supply. Supplementation with BI or CCA increased blood BI or CA content. The results showed that supplementing BI or/and CCA improved lactation performance and nutrient digestion, and CCA supply did not enhance the lactation performance response to BI supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this letter, a computationally efficient multiple signal classification (MUSIC)‐based evolutionary algorithm for angle estimation of bistatic multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) radar is proposed. The existing MUSIC algorithms require a computationally cumbersome two‐dimensional (2D) peak searching and the performance is highly related to the grid that set, which leads to a conflict between the computational efficiency and estimation performance. To address this difficulty, a multimodal quantum‐inspired salp swarm algorithm, integrating kmeans clustering technique, is proposed to substitute the 2D peak searching to obtain multiple maxima of the MUSIC algorithm. The resulting computationally efficient algorithm obviously reduces the computational complexity of the MUSIC algorithm, avoids grid errors, and further exploits the potential of the MUSIC algorithm. Numerical simulations in various scenarios are carried out to verify the superiority of the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whole genome amplification (WGA) is a technology for non‐selective amplification of the whole genome sequence, first appearing in 1992. Its primary purpose is to amplify and reflect the whole genome of trace tissues and single cells without sequence bias and to provide sufficient DNA template for subsequent multigene and multilocus analysis, along with comprehensive genome research. WGA provides a method to obtain a large amount of genetic information from a small amount of DNA and provides a valuable tool for preserving limited samples in molecular biology. WGA technology is especially suitable for forensic identification and genetic disease research, along with new technologies such as next‐generation sequencing (NGS). In addition, WGA is also widely used in single‐cell sequencing. Due to the small amount of DNA in a single cell, it is often unable to meet the amount of samples needed for sequencing, so WGA is generally used to achieve the amplification of trace samples. This paper reviews WGA methods based on different principles, summarizes both amplification principle and amplification quality, and discusses the application prospects and challenges of WGA technology in molecular diagnosis and medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oil pollution of water causes extensive damage to the environment and human health. Adsorption techniques are environmentally friendly and relatively feasible to treat oil contamination and reclaim oil resources, and it is essential to develop adsorbents that have high adsorption capacity for oil which can be recycled and regenerated conveniently to save money and resources. Results: Hydrophobic nonwoven fabrics coated with polydivinylbenzene nanofibres (HNF‐PDVB) were constructed by a one‐step cation polymerization reaction. The results showed that the optimal concentration of OTS (octadecylsilane) for the modification of nonwoven fibers was 1.22 mL L–1of n‐hexane. The HNF‐PDVB showed relatively good performance in adsorbing oil from water, with adsorption capacity as high as 7.5 g g–1. Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevic isotherms fitted well with the experimental data. The kinetic data fitted better to the pseudo‐second‐order and intraparticle diffusion models, and the parameters indicated that the adsorption by HNF‐PDVB involved macropores that contributed to the rapid and high‐capacity adsorption, as well as micropores that resulted in the diffusion of oil in the nanofibres. Thermodynamics studies revealed that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic, with an increasing performance when the temperature rose from 10 to 50 °C. The material possessed good stability and the adsorption capacity reduced from 7.5 g g–1 to 6.6 g g–1 after ten cycles of repeated use, recovered by squeezing and ethanol extraction. Conclusion: This work demonstrates that the new hydrophobic nonwoven fabrics have the potential to be used for elimination of pollution from oil wastewater. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to test whether monoamine oxidase A ( MAOA) gene polymorphism was a marker of the genetic vulnerability model or the differential susceptibility model by investigating the interaction of MAOA gene polymorphism with maternal parenting on externalizing and internalizing problems and social competence among Chinese children. Participants were 290 children and their parents in China. MAOA genotypes were ascertained by polymerase chain reaction amplification. Mothers reported their parenting stress and engagement in parent-child activities when the child was 6 months old. Children's behavioral problems and social competence were rated by mothers and fathers at 48 months old. The results showed that MAOA genotypes interacted with maternal parenting stress in predicting boys' internalizing problems. Also, MAOA genotypes interacted with maternal engagement in parent-child activities in predicting boys' social competence. The analyses of regions of significance and the proportion of interaction index indicated that boys with the low-activity genotype were at risk for (a) high internalizing problems under high maternal parenting stress and (b) low social competence if mothers displayed a low level of maternal engagement. No significant interaction effects were found among girls. The results suggested that the MAOA gene might be a marker of the genetic vulnerability model among Chinese boys. Highlights We evaluated whether MAOA gene was a marker of the genetic vulnerability model or the differential susceptibility model by investigating the interaction of MAOA gene polymorphism with maternal parenting on behavioral problems and social competence among 4-year-old Chinese children., The results of regions of significance and the proportion of interaction index indicated that boys with the low-activity genotype were at risk of high internalizing problems or low social competence with high maternal parenting stress or low engagement. No significant interaction effects were found among girls., The results indicated that MAOA gene might be a marker of the genetic vulnerability model rather than the differential susceptibility model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]